Papers by Juan Antonio Le Clercq
Plataforma de Escenarios de Cambio Institucional para el Combate a la Impunidad/ Institutional Change Scenarios for Combating Impunity DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.16349.01769, 2024
El Instituto de Administración Pública e Innovación Institucional (APII) de la Universidad de las... more El Instituto de Administración Pública e Innovación Institucional (APII) de la Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP), presenta la plataforma Escenarios de Cambio Institucional para el Combate a la Impunidad. https://www.udlap.mx/APII/. La plataforma, la cual proyecta trayectorias potenciales de construcción de capacidad institucional para los estados de la República, tiene una metodología que consiste en el análisis estadístico de series de tiempo de factores institucionales involucrados en la seguridad pública, la procuración de justicia, la impartición de justicia y la protección a los derechos humanos. Con recursos de la información disponible en los Censos Nacionales de Gobierno del INEGI, se proponen indicadores de cambio institucional que se proyectan en tendencias potenciales entre 2023 y 2050, en los que se destacan los niveles de crecimiento necesarios por lustro para alcanzar cada escenario. En este sentido, cada uno de los indicadores analizados proyecta cuatro escenarios indicativos de las capacidades que tendrían que alcanzarse. Si bien estos escenarios se presentan en forma de una tendencia lineal, representan un ejercicio indicativo que expone los retos involucrados en la construcción de capacidad institucional en materia de seguridad, procuración e impartición de justicia y protección a los derechos humanos, al igual que supone una advertencia al respecto de los problemas diferenciados y las notables desigualdades en la existencia de capacidades que caracterizan a los estados, lo cual imposibilita reducir los muy altos niveles de impunidad.
https://www.udlap.mx/APII/.
The Institute of Public Administration and Institutional Innovation (APII) of the University of the Americas Puebla (UDLAP), presents the platform for Institutional Change Scenarios to Combat Impunity: https://www.udlap.mx/APII/. The platform, which projects potential trajectories of institutional capacity building at the subnational level in Mexico, consists on statistical analysis of time series of institutional factors involved in public security, the administration of justice, the delivery of justice and the protection of human rights. With resources from the information available in the National Government Censuses of INEGI, indicators of institutional change are proposed that are projected into potential trends between 2023 and 2050, which highlight five years growth levels necessary r to achieve each potential scenario. Each of the analyzed indicators project four indicative scenarios of the capacities that would have to be achieved. Although these scenarios are presented in a linear trend, they represent an indicative exercise that exposes the challenges involved in building institutional capacity in matters of security, procurement and administration of justice and protection of human rights, as well as a warning regarding the differentiated problems and notable inequalities in the existence of capacities that characterize states, which makes it impossible to reduce the very high levels of impunity.
El valor de las ideas políticas: cuatro reflexiones sobre Isaiah Berlin
Bien común y gobierno, 1998
Foro Internacional, 2024
El Sexto Informe de Evaluación (AR6, por sus siglas en inglés) del Grupo Intergubernamental de Ex... more El Sexto Informe de Evaluación (AR6, por sus siglas en inglés) del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC, por sus siglas en inglés) redefine conceptos clave para comprender el riesgo climático, la adaptación, la transformación resiliente o la vulnerabilidad. Estos informes integran ahora también principios de justicia climática procesal y distributiva, y el reconocimiento del conocimiento local e indígena. El alcance de los principios de justicia climática se analiza desde una perspectiva normativa e institucional para identificar los desafíos que supone comprender la formulación de políticas climáticas desde una perspectiva de justicia. El argumento es que, cuando la justicia climática no define postulados con contenido específico ni describe mecanismos de implementación, entonces no tiene consecuencias institucionales, en políticas o para la evaluación. Algunas limitaciones significativas son la ausencia de principios de justicia más allá de su enunciación, la falta de una concepción retributiva y un alcance que no considera consecuencias de justicia global y limita su impacto a las obligaciones nacionales. Se discuten criterios generales para definir el contenido de principios comunes de justicia.
Abstract: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) defines key concepts for understanding climate risk analysis, adaptation, resilient transformation, or vulnerability. The assessment also integrates distributive, procedural climate justice principles and recognition of
local and indigenous knowledge. The scope of the proposed climate justice principles is analyzed from a normative and institutional perspective to identify the
challenges involved in understanding climate policy making from a justice perspective. It is argued that when climate justice does not define principles with
specific content and outline implementation mechanisms, it has no actual institutional or policy consequences. Some significant limitations are the absence of
the actual tenets of justice beyond its enunciation, the lack of a retribution conception of justice, and a scope that does not consider the consequences of global justice. Therefore, it limits its impact on national obligations. Some general criteria for defining the content of common principles of justice are discussed.
Política Internacional y agenda global, 2024
El Derecho de Gentes de John Rawls propone un modelo para las relaciones entre los pueblos y cons... more El Derecho de Gentes de John Rawls propone un modelo para las relaciones entre los pueblos y construir una sociedad internacional bien ordenada. Mas que definir principios de justicia, Rawls presenta ocho principios rectores centrados en la capacidad de los pueblos para cumplir acuerdos y honrar los derechos humanos como base de las relaciones entre democracias liberales, jerarquías decentes y pueblos en desventaja. El Derecho de Gentes no incorpora principios ambientales y esto dificulta su relevancia para el desarrollo de una sociedad internacional bien ordenada en el Antropoceno. Este trabajo propone cinco principios ambientales y climáticos como obligaciones de primer orden que pueden ser compatibles con principios de justicia global como enfoque de segundo orden para regular las relaciones internacionales.
Introduction: Understanding the Lack of Rule of Law in Mexico
The rule of law has been established as a central feature of modern states and democracies; it re... more The rule of law has been established as a central feature of modern states and democracies; it represents an ideal linked to political development. The rule of law rests on the idea that a society adopts through legislation a set of formal rules and norms and decides to adhere to those rules in order to regulate the behavior and interaction of individuals, public institutions and private organizations, including conflict resolution mechanisms.
The Relationship Between Impunity and Inequality Globally and in Mexico
The anthropocene: Politik - economics - society - science, 2018
The Global Impunity Index (IGI; Le Clercq/Rodriguez 2015) and the Global Impunity Index Mexico (I... more The Global Impunity Index (IGI; Le Clercq/Rodriguez 2015) and the Global Impunity Index Mexico (IGI-MEX; Le Clercq/Rodriguez 2016) have the objective to measure levels of impunity within countries and at subnational levels in the case of the thirty-two federal entities of the Mexican republic. These investigations take as their starting point the assumption that impunity is a problem that requires to be explained on its own and not solely as an indirect indicator of other phenomena such as violence, insecurity, corruption and violation of human rights. Similarly, it seeks to understand the way in which the existence of generalised conditions of impunity aggravates the effects of violence and insecurity and contributes to the erosion of citizens’ trust in their institutions and authorities, as happens in the Mexican case.
Global Impunity Index IGI 2015
Social Science Research Network, 2015
A global comparative study that measures impunity levels across fifty-nine countries, with a focu... more A global comparative study that measures impunity levels across fifty-nine countries, with a focus on how structure and functioning of systems of security and justice and human rights violations fosters impunity.
Environmental Impunity Index Mexico 2020 (Indice de Impunidad Ambiental Mexico 2020 IGI AMB 2020)
Social Science Research Network, 2021
The Environmental Impunity Index presents a methodological proposal to measure in a comparative w... more The Environmental Impunity Index presents a methodological proposal to measure in a comparative way the actions, capacities and operation of environmental policies among entities at the national level in Mexico. The Study is organized in four dimensions: institutional capacity (structural), environmental degradation (functional), environmental crime (functional), and intergenerational strategy (structural). We understand “environmental impunity” as: i) the impossibility of investigating, prosecuting, punishing and repairing crimes and damages against the environment, whether this is a consequence of both the lack of institutional capacities and the political will of the authorities; ii) the absence of application or fulfillment of environmental and climate policy objectives, due to the lack of institutional capacities or political will, as they affect the possibility of effectively protecting the environment and guaranteeing full enjoyment of the human right to an environment. healthy environment, and; iii) the lack of long-term or intergenerational public policy strategies and programs that reduce the risk of suffering harm or enjoying access to natural resources that the most vulnerable populations, future generations, and even other species and other species may suffer. This model represents an approach environmental problems that draws on contemporary environmental perspectives such as environmental justice, green criminology and the recognition of the right to a healthy environment. In this sense, environmental impunity implies both the existence of environmental crimes and crimes, activities that cause damage and risks to ecosystems and human communities, as well as the non-existence or insufficiency of institutional capacities and resources to protect the environment and guarantee respect for the law. to a healthy environment. In order to avoid that some dimensions have more weight in the results because they contain a greater number of variables, each dimension has an identical weight of 25% in the total estimate of the index. In this way, the maximum possible value of the index is 4, which would correspond to 100%, and each dimension obtains a value equivalent to 1.
How Many Constitutional Reforms Produce Rule of Law?
Springer eBooks, Nov 30, 2019
The Mexican Constitution is one of the oldest constitutions compared to the average lifetime of c... more The Mexican Constitution is one of the oldest constitutions compared to the average lifetime of constitutions across the world, but it also represents one of the texts with a larger degree of amendments compared to the original text. The existence of a large number of reforms can refer to high levels of flexibility, something that involves the capacity to integrate new rights and institutions to respond to political transformations and the demands of an increasingly plural society but, despite its longevity and undoubted capacity for transformation, the Constitution has been unable to constitute itself as the effective foundation for the development of a democratic rule of law in Mexico. This article focuses on two basic questions: why is the rule of law so weak in Mexico? And to what extent do the problems of design, coherence and constitutional change affect performance of the rule of law? In the Mexican case, the logic that understands the Constitution as a political instrument and the hyper-reformism that emerges from it, affecting the coherence, meaning, and effectiveness of the text, has made it impossible to transform the Constitution into exactly the coordination mechanism on which the development and quality of the rule of law partly depends.
El pacto de dominación. Estado, clase y reforma social en México (1910-1995), de Viviane Brachet-Márquez
Politica Y Gobierno, 1996
Fecha de recepción: septiembre de 2015 Fecha de aceptación: febrero de 2016 d o s s i e r Resumen... more Fecha de recepción: septiembre de 2015 Fecha de aceptación: febrero de 2016 d o s s i e r Resumen La impunidad es reconocida como un fenómeno que es al mismo tiempo origen y destino de algunos de los más serios problemas que enfrentan los países de América Latina y el resto del mundo. En este artículo se presentan varios retos conceptuales y metodológicos para medir el fenómeno de la impunidad, particularmente en América Latina. También se busca comprender la correlación que existe entre impunidad y otros problemas que afrontan los Estados como inseguridad, violencia, corrupción y desigualdad. Para este propósito, se utilizó la metodología del Índice Global de Impunidad 2015 (IGI 2015).
Global Impunity Index Mexico 2016. IGI-Mex 2016
Social Science Research Network, Feb 20, 2016
Taken the Global Impunity Index (IGI 2015) results as a starting point, this work measures impuni... more Taken the Global Impunity Index (IGI 2015) results as a starting point, this work measures impunity at the subnational level in Mexico. Understanding impunity as a multidimensional process that fosters violence, insecurity and corruption, the study measures variation in seventeen indicators for the structure and performance of the justice and public security systems. It also integrates the percentage of unreported crimes as a key variable for understanding impunity in Mexico's states. It concludes that average impunity in Mexico's states tend to be very high and that low levels of variation between cases reflects an environment characterized by general and extended conditions of impunity, as was reported in the IGI 2015). The document includes specific data and context analysis for each of the 32 Mexican states.
Ugo Pipitone, La salida del atraso: un estudio histórico comparativo, México, FCE/CIDE, 1994, 471 p
Politica Y Gobierno, 1995
Global Impunity Dimensions. Global Impunity Index 2017 (GII 2017)
Social Science Research Network, Aug 18, 2017
This work updates the information reported in GII 2015. It extends the sample of countries analyz... more This work updates the information reported in GII 2015. It extends the sample of countries analyzed to 69, including for the first time cases from Africa. The study measures the degrees of impunity in a comparative way, emphasizing the structure and functioning of the justice and security systems, as well as respect for human rights. The main findings include the existence of very high levels of impunity in Latin America and reaffirms the very high levels of impunity found in 2015 for the Philippines and Mexico. Este trabajo actualiza la información reportada en IGI 2015. Extiende la muestra de países analizados a 69, incluyendo por primera vez casos de África. El estudio mide los grados de impunidad en forma comparada poniendo énfasis en la estructura y funcionamiento de los sistemas de justicia y seguridad, al igual que el respeto a los derechos humanos. Entre los principales hallazgos destacan la existencia de niveles muy altos de impunidad en América Latina y reafirma los muy altos niveles de impunidad encontrados en 2015 para Filipinas y México.
Elías Canetti, El suplicio de las moscas, Madrid, Anaya & Mario Muchnik, 1994, 155 p
Politica Y Gobierno, 1995
José Guilherme Merquior, Liberalismo viejo y nuevo, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1993, 216 p
Politica Y Gobierno, 1994
Íconos, Apr 27, 2022
México (2020) se desarrolla una metodología cuantitativa para medir los niveles de dicha categorí... more México (2020) se desarrolla una metodología cuantitativa para medir los niveles de dicha categoría. Siguiendo la criminología verde se define impunidad ambiental, en un sentido amplio, para integrar la imposibilidad de investigar, perseguir, enjuiciar, sancionar y reparar los delitos y daños en contra del medioambiente; el incumplimiento de objetivos de política ambiental y climática, así como la inexistencia de estrategias y programas de políticas públicas intergeneracionales. Los resultados del índice evidencian que el desempeño de los estados en México se encuentra por debajo de la mitad del puntaje máximo que podrían alcanzar, lo cual refleja una política ambiental muy frágil, insuficientes capacidades institucionales para proteger los ecosistemas y la imposibilidad de garantizar el derecho a un medioambiente sano. En este trabajo se argumenta sobre la importancia de medir grados de impunidad ambiental como una forma de operacionalizar problemas de justicia; se discute el alcance de dicho concepto; se explica la metodología estructurada en cuatro dimensiones, 42 indicadores y el modelo estadístico que componen el índice; y se analizan los resultados obtenidos de manera desagregada. Como conclusión se destacan la necesidad de desarrollar sistemas de indicadores más confiables en materia ambiental, el valor explicativo de las capacidades institucionales y la complejidad involucrada en la medición de los delitos y el daño ambiental.
Regime Change, Transition to Sustainability and Climate Change Law in México
Hexagon series on human and environmental security and peace, 2016
This chapter analyses the creation of the Climate Change Law in Mexico as a governance regime whe... more This chapter analyses the creation of the Climate Change Law in Mexico as a governance regime where horizontal and vertical interplay became key elements. The legislative deliberations oriented towards creating the Climate Change Law, mainly between 2005 and 2012, are understood as a preliminary and as take-off phases of a pathway to a sustainable transition. The principal elements of Mexican climate policy are discussed. Three competing alternatives for climate legislation in 2012 are identified, as are the reasons for opting for a specific climate regime. The chapter argues that even though the Mexican climate regime represents a very ambitious model in its design, and although a preliminary and take-off phase can be identified, problems of fit with other policy objectives, especially the features of the energy sector, limit the possibilities for a sustainable transition in Mexico.
Social Science Research Network, 2016
Fecha de recepción: septiembre de 2015 Fecha de aceptación: febrero de 2016 d o s s i e r Resumen... more Fecha de recepción: septiembre de 2015 Fecha de aceptación: febrero de 2016 d o s s i e r Resumen La impunidad es reconocida como un fenómeno que es al mismo tiempo origen y destino de algunos de los más serios problemas que enfrentan los países de América Latina y el resto del mundo. En este artículo se presentan varios retos conceptuales y metodológicos para medir el fenómeno de la impunidad, particularmente en América Latina. También se busca comprender la correlación que existe entre impunidad y otros problemas que afrontan los Estados como inseguridad, violencia, corrupción y desigualdad. Para este propósito, se utilizó la metodología del Índice Global de Impunidad 2015 (IGI 2015).
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Papers by Juan Antonio Le Clercq
https://www.udlap.mx/APII/.
The Institute of Public Administration and Institutional Innovation (APII) of the University of the Americas Puebla (UDLAP), presents the platform for Institutional Change Scenarios to Combat Impunity: https://www.udlap.mx/APII/. The platform, which projects potential trajectories of institutional capacity building at the subnational level in Mexico, consists on statistical analysis of time series of institutional factors involved in public security, the administration of justice, the delivery of justice and the protection of human rights. With resources from the information available in the National Government Censuses of INEGI, indicators of institutional change are proposed that are projected into potential trends between 2023 and 2050, which highlight five years growth levels necessary r to achieve each potential scenario. Each of the analyzed indicators project four indicative scenarios of the capacities that would have to be achieved. Although these scenarios are presented in a linear trend, they represent an indicative exercise that exposes the challenges involved in building institutional capacity in matters of security, procurement and administration of justice and protection of human rights, as well as a warning regarding the differentiated problems and notable inequalities in the existence of capacities that characterize states, which makes it impossible to reduce the very high levels of impunity.
Abstract: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) defines key concepts for understanding climate risk analysis, adaptation, resilient transformation, or vulnerability. The assessment also integrates distributive, procedural climate justice principles and recognition of
local and indigenous knowledge. The scope of the proposed climate justice principles is analyzed from a normative and institutional perspective to identify the
challenges involved in understanding climate policy making from a justice perspective. It is argued that when climate justice does not define principles with
specific content and outline implementation mechanisms, it has no actual institutional or policy consequences. Some significant limitations are the absence of
the actual tenets of justice beyond its enunciation, the lack of a retribution conception of justice, and a scope that does not consider the consequences of global justice. Therefore, it limits its impact on national obligations. Some general criteria for defining the content of common principles of justice are discussed.