Jorge E Lemus
Jorge Lemus is a linguist specializing in the documentation, maintenance, and revitalization of endangered languages. He received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Arizona, with a specialization in phonology. He is currently a linguistics professor and researcher in the School of Languages and Education at University Don Bosco (UDB), El Salvador. He is also the director and editor of Científica, a multidisciplinary scientific journal. He has been codirector of the PhD program in Social Sciences and director of research at UDB. In addition, he has been a professor at Universidad de El Salvador and a visiting professor at Penn State University, the University of the Basque Country, the University of Sonora, California State University at Sacramento and the Public University of Navarra. He has been a guest lecturer in several European countries, Japan, Israel, USA, Mexico, Central and South America. He is a founding member of the Central American Association of Linguistics, and he is currently deputy director of the Salvadoran Academy of Language, corresponding to the Royal Spanish Academy. In 2010, he was awarded El Salvador's National Culture Prize for his extensive work with the country's indigenous communities and his efforts to safeguard their languages and cultures and assist them in the long process of reclaiming their rights as peoples. Professor Lemus has published numerous books and articles related to language revitalization, theoretical linguistics, and the Spanish language, as well as textbooks for learning endangered languages. One of his most successful grassroots projects is the early language immersion program for children ages 3-5 known as Cuna Nahuat, currently active in three indigenous communities in western El Salvador. The program is run by elderly native Pipil Nahua-speaking women. The main objective of the Cuna Nahuat is to form a relief generation of Nahuat speakers and thus prevent the language from extinction.
Address: San Salvador, Departamento de San Salvador, El Salvador
Address: San Salvador, Departamento de San Salvador, El Salvador
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Sin embargo, la interferencia del inglés en el español al nivel morfosintáctico es más sutil y difícil de identificar, razón por la cual pocos la estudian. En este artículo me referiré a algunos casos de transferencia sintáctica del inglés al español en El Salvador que son comunes entre la clase media educada (nivel superior, especialmente con postgrado). Este uso del lenguaje se ha convertido en un marcador de clase ya que es una variante que no está presente entre las clases con niveles bajos de educación ni en el área rural. Entre la población con menor educación, los anglicismos léxicos son bastante comunes debido a la comunicación permanente con los salvadoreños residentes en los EE. UU., fuente de remesas inagotables y de sueños de éxito para futuros emigrantes, mientras que los anglicismos morfosintácticos se encuentran con mayor frecuencia entre la clase media educada que ha tenido contacto con textos académicos y literatura en inglés.
En ese artículo el autor estudia la interfaz entre la fonología y la morfología pipil a través de un análisis de la estructura silábica del idioma y su relación con algunos procesos morfológicos. Las restricciones fonotácticas motivadas en este artículo muestran ser responsables de las variantes de distintos morfemas pipiles, volviendo su forma superficial totalmente predecible. Se analiza la estructura silábica del pipil desde una perspectiva autosegmental y se muestran las estrategias que utiliza el idioma para rescatar consonantes sueltas que no se pueden añadir a la sílaba por violar los filtros y restricciones estructurales propios de la lengua. A nivel morfológico, la afijación genera estructuras que violan la estructura silábica del idioma por lo que la fonología se encarga de incorporar los segmentos violatorios insertando, en los casos estudiados aquí, una vocal epentética que valida su incorporación a la estructura fonológica del idioma.
Abstract
In this article the author studies the interface between the phonology and morphology of Pipil through an analysis of the syllable structure of the language and its relation to some morphological processes. The phonotactic constraints motivated in this article are shown to be responsible of the variants of different Pipil morphemes, making their surface form totally predictable. The syllable structure of Pipil is analyzed from an autosegmental perspective, showing some of the strategies used by the language to incorporate stranded segments that cannot be added to the syllable because they violate some of Pipil's syllable structural filters and constraints. At the morphological level, affixation generates structures that violate the syllable structure of the language. The phonology of Pipil takes care of the illegal structure incorporating loose segments by inserting an epenthetic vowel, in the cases studied here, that licenses their incorporation to the phonological structure of the language.