METHODOLOGY by Nuria Castañeda
Espacio, tiempo y forma. Serie I, …, Jan 1, 1999
This paper present a classification method for BN1Gp (cores) exploitation systems, based on the r... more This paper present a classification method for BN1Gp (cores) exploitation systems, based on the relationship between the different core features. There are three levels of classification. The first one discriminates between exploitation systems by their number of knapping surfaces. On the second level the hierarchical feature is the relationship between the knapping surfaces and the striking platform or between two knapping surfaces. The third level of classification is the direction of removals on that surfaces.
The aim of this paper is to present the characterisation of the siliceous rocks from the Neolithi... more The aim of this paper is to present the characterisation of the siliceous rocks from the Neolithic mine of Casa Montero (5400-5200 cal. BC). It is located in Madrid (Spain) and it occupies 4 hectares with 3897 mapped shafts, out of which 324 have been excavated throughout three field seasons.
This kind of study is essential in order to establish the diagnostic features of the raw material and to investigate the distribution of the mine’s products. An analysis of the relationship between different siliceous raw materials and the lithic operative chain has been carried out as well.
The characterisation has been performed using two methods: macroscopic description and petrological analysis. Seven macroscopic types (from 1 to 7) and four petrological groups (from A to D) have been established. The macroscopic classification has been found to be fundamental in the
analysis of the lithic remains, given the large volume of lithic material recovered in the site. The petrological classification provides a good method for identifying materials from the Casa Montero mine at other archaeological sites.
The observation of refits has suggested a preference for a certain raw material. In order to verify this, an statistical Factorial Analysis has been applied to study the representation of each phase of the lithic operative chain in each macroscopic type of raw material.
Archaeometry, Apr 1, 2009
Casa Montero is a mining complex located outside Madrid (Spain), dated from the Early Neolithic (... more Casa Montero is a mining complex located outside Madrid (Spain), dated from the Early Neolithic (c. 5400–5000 cal bc). An area of some 4 ha has been investigated and some 4000 shafts recorded, of which 324 have been excavated. The characterization of its raw flint materials and the establishment of its diagnostic features are indispensable in the reconstruction of the distribution of the mine's products beyond the immediate site. This work reports the geological study of the mine's Miocene flint layers and their petrological characterization. Archaeological samples from the mine's shafts were classified according to macroscopic features and petrological characteristics.
En este trabajo, versión en castellano del publicado en 2009, se propone una aproximación metodol... more En este trabajo, versión en castellano del publicado en 2009, se propone una aproximación metodológica que ilustra las relaciones temporales entre extracciones de un núcleo o remontaje en un diagrama. El diagrama de secuencias de reducción (DSR) ofrece además información espacial, ya que cada superficie de talla se presenta separada para poder observar, de un vistazo, la complejidad del núcleo o del remontaje, su número de superficies de talla y sus relaciones. (... )
Human Evolution, Jan 1, 2009
"Lithic cores are like a photograph of only the last reduction gesture or method. But reduction s... more "Lithic cores are like a photograph of only the last reduction gesture or method. But reduction sequences are very often non-linear and complex. Knapping accidents, unexpected qualities of raw material, production requirements, long time between removals or different knappers may force to a change in the reduction strategy. These changes may delete all the signs of previous configuration.
It is consequently not easy to apprehend this information and transform it into data in order to compare and summarize technocal schemes. In this paper a methodological approach to core analysis is proposed illustrating temporal relationships between facets in a diagram.
The core diagram shows temporal relationships between removals. It also offers spatial information, as each knjapping surface is separately presented in order to observe core complexity in a glymse, the number of knapping surfaces and its relationships.
Finally, through the analysis and classification of removals attending to their purpose we can understand the different stages of work, the moment of abandonment of the reduction process, if there were reshaping stages or if the core were recycled as a tool.
Each type of removal has a different symbol and a group of removals with the same purpose forms a stage of the core reduction. Therefore it is possible to analyze and compare the same stage in different cores.
The core diagram is a flexible and powerful tool for the study of core reduction by sorting out the heterogeneous information provided by cores."
A. CALVO, A. SÁNCHEZ, M. GARCÍA-ROJAS Y M. ALONSO (eds.): Seis décadas de Tipología Analítica. Actas en homenaje a Georges Laplace. (Vitoria 13-15 de noviembre de 2012). Vitoria: Universidad del País Vasco, 2015: 92-104., Feb 2015
Nueva versión de los artículos publicados en 2009 y 2011, que completa la propuesta de análisis d... more Nueva versión de los artículos publicados en 2009 y 2011, que completa la propuesta de análisis de los diagramas mediante el Análisis de Secuencias.
Archaeometry, 2009
Casa Montero is a mining complex located outside Madrid (Spain), dated from the Early Neolithic (... more Casa Montero is a mining complex located outside Madrid (Spain), dated from the Early Neolithic (c. 5400–5000 cal bc). An area of some 4 ha has been investigated and some 4000 shafts recorded, of which 324 have been excavated. The characterization of its raw flint materials and the establishment of its diagnostic features are indispensable in the reconstruction of the distribution of the mine's products beyond the immediate site. This work reports the geological study of the mine's Miocene flint layers and their petrological characterization. Archaeological samples from the mine's shafts were classified according to macroscopic features and petrological characteristics.
«La mise au point de notre méthode demandera de nombreuses années et s'effectuera au cours de l'a... more «La mise au point de notre méthode demandera de nombreuses années et s'effectuera au cours de l'analyse de plusieurs centaines de gisements. Méthode d'etude et connaissance des industries progressent dans une interdépendance continue» Georges Laplace Recherches sur l'origine et l'évolution des complexes leptolithiques. 1966, p.10 Agradecimientos/Eskertzak/Remerciements Con estas palabras nos gustaría dar las gracias a todas las personas y entidades que nos han prestado su ayuda en esta iniciativa. A los organismos patrocinadores, la
Diagrama de secuencias de reducción (DSR): aproximación metodológica para el análisis de núcleos líticos y remontajes
ABSTRACT La méthodologie présentée ici illustre les relations temporelles entre les négatifs de t... more ABSTRACT La méthodologie présentée ici illustre les relations temporelles entre les négatifs de taille d’un nucléus ou d’un remontage dans un diagramme. Le diagramme de séquences de réduction (DSR) fournit également des informations spatiales, puisque chaque surface de taille est présenté individuellement pour observer, d’un coup d’oeil, la complexité du nucléus. À travers de l’analyse et la classification des négatifs de taille selon leur objectif c’est possible a comprendre les différentes phases du travail, le moment de l’abandon, s’il a existé une reconfiguration et/ou recyclage. Un groupe de négatifs avec le même objectif forme une séquence de réduction. Ainsi, il est possible d’analyser et de comparer la même séquence dans différents nucléus ou remontages. La méthode est illustrée par des exemples de la mine néolithique de silex de Casa Montero (Madrid, Espagne). Enfin, l’utilisation de l’Analyse de Séquences pour l’étude statistique de ces diagrammes est proposé. La propuesta metodológica que aquí se presenta ilustra las relaciones temporales entre extracciones de un núcleo o un remontaje en un diagrama. El diagrama de secuencias de reducción (DSR) ofrece además información espacial, ya que cada superficie de talla se presenta separada para poder observar, de un vistazo, la complejidad del núcleo. Mediante el análisis y la clasificación de las extracciones según su objetivo es posible entender las diferentes fases del trabajo, el momento de abandono, si ha habido reconfiguración y/o reciclaje. Un grupo de negativos con el mismo objetivo forma una secuencia de la reducción. De esta manera, es posible analizar y comparar la misma secuencia en diferentes núcleos o remontajes. El método se ilustra con ejemplos de la mina neolítica de sílex de Casa Montero (Madrid, España). Por último, se propone la utilización del Análisis de Secuencias para el estudio estadístico de estos diagramas.
Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología, 1999
Se propone una clasificación de los sistemas de explotación de las BN1G de producción a partir de... more Se propone una clasificación de los sistemas de explotación de las BN1G de producción a partir de las relaciones entre los distintos atributos que caracterizan a los núcleos. Esta clasificación se estructura en tres niveles. El primero discrimina los sistemas de explotación según su número de superficies de talla. En el segundo nivel, la característica jerarquizadora es la relación geométrica entre superficie /plataforma o entre superficies de talla. El tercer y último nivel atiende a la dirección en la que se explotan estas superficies. This work consists in a classification of the production BN1G (cores) exploitation systems, based on tlie reiatlonsfíip between ttie different cíiaracteristic core forms features. Tfiere are tfiree levéis of classification. The first one discrimínate between exploitation systems by tlieir number of debitage surfaces. On the second level the hierarchical feature is the geomethcai relationship between the debitage surface and striking platform or between debitage surfaces. Third level is the direction on exploitation of surfaces.
A methodological Approach to Core Analysis
Human Evolution
Lithic cores are like a photograph of only the last reduction gesture or method. But reduction se... more Lithic cores are like a photograph of only the last reduction gesture or method. But reduction sequences are very often nonlinear and complex. Knapping accidents, unexpected qualities of raw material, production requirements, long time between removals or different knappers may force to a change in the reduction strategy. These changes may delete all the signs of previous configuration. It is consequently not easy to apprehend this information and transform it into data in order to compare and summarize technical schemes. In this paper a methodological approach to core analysis is proposed illustrating temporal relationships between facets in a diagram. The core diagram shows temporal relationships between removals. It also offers spatial information, as each knapping surface is separately presented in order to observe core complexity in a glimpse, the number of knapping surfaces and their relationships. Finally, through the analyses and classification of removals attending to their purpose we can understand the different stages of work, the moment of abandonment of the reduction process, if there were reshaping stages or if the core was recycled as a tool. Each type of removal has a different symbol and a group of removals with the same purpose forms a stage of the core reduction. Therefore it is possible to analyze and compare the same stage in different cores. The core diagram is a flexible and powerful tool for the study of core reduction by sorting out the heterogeneous information provided by cores. Some examples from the 'Casa Montero' Neolithic flint mine (Madrid, Spain) will illustrate the diversity of technical strategies by means of this methodological approach.
Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología, 2015
viene desarrollando un modelo mixto de formación e investigación en el yacimiento paleolítico de ... more viene desarrollando un modelo mixto de formación e investigación en el yacimiento paleolítico de Los Ahijones (Vicávaro-Madrid) en el que los alumnos de prácticas de campo del Máster de Arqueología y Patrimonio de nuestra Universidad participan activamente. En este trabajo presentamos tanto las metodologías docentes aplicadas en dicho yacimiento, como los resultados preliminares de la investigación resultado de las campañas de 2013-15. Los datos obtenidos muestran la enorme y compleja actividad de talla que los grupos achelenses pusieron en práctica en las zonas del interfluvio Jarama-Manzanares a lo largo de la segunda mitad del Pleistoceno medio.
Diagrama dinámico de secuencias de reducción: aproximación metodológica para el análisis de núcleos líticos y remontajes (DSR)
En este trabajo, versión en castellano del publicado en 2009, se propone una aproximación metodol... more En este trabajo, versión en castellano del publicado en 2009, se propone una aproximación metodológica que ilustra las relaciones temporales entre extracciones de un núcleo o remontaje en un diagrama. El diagrama de secuencias de reducción (DSR) ofrece además información espacial, ya que cada superficie de talla se presenta separada para poder observar, de un vistazo, la complejidad del núcleo o del remontaje, su número de superficies de talla y sus relaciones. (... )
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METHODOLOGY by Nuria Castañeda
This kind of study is essential in order to establish the diagnostic features of the raw material and to investigate the distribution of the mine’s products. An analysis of the relationship between different siliceous raw materials and the lithic operative chain has been carried out as well.
The characterisation has been performed using two methods: macroscopic description and petrological analysis. Seven macroscopic types (from 1 to 7) and four petrological groups (from A to D) have been established. The macroscopic classification has been found to be fundamental in the
analysis of the lithic remains, given the large volume of lithic material recovered in the site. The petrological classification provides a good method for identifying materials from the Casa Montero mine at other archaeological sites.
The observation of refits has suggested a preference for a certain raw material. In order to verify this, an statistical Factorial Analysis has been applied to study the representation of each phase of the lithic operative chain in each macroscopic type of raw material.
It is consequently not easy to apprehend this information and transform it into data in order to compare and summarize technocal schemes. In this paper a methodological approach to core analysis is proposed illustrating temporal relationships between facets in a diagram.
The core diagram shows temporal relationships between removals. It also offers spatial information, as each knjapping surface is separately presented in order to observe core complexity in a glymse, the number of knapping surfaces and its relationships.
Finally, through the analysis and classification of removals attending to their purpose we can understand the different stages of work, the moment of abandonment of the reduction process, if there were reshaping stages or if the core were recycled as a tool.
Each type of removal has a different symbol and a group of removals with the same purpose forms a stage of the core reduction. Therefore it is possible to analyze and compare the same stage in different cores.
The core diagram is a flexible and powerful tool for the study of core reduction by sorting out the heterogeneous information provided by cores."