Papers by Yannis Ioannides
Journal of Housing Economics, Jan 1, 2004
The paper describes within-neighborhood economic segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas in 1985 a... more The paper describes within-neighborhood economic segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas in 1985 and 1993. It uses the neighborhood clusters of the American Housing Survey, standardized by metropolitan area income and household size, to explore income distribution within neighborhoods at a scale much smaller than the census tract (a representative sample of households or 'kernels' and their ten closest neighbors). Joint and conditional distributions portray neighbors' characteristics conditional on the kernel's housing tenure, race and income. The paper documents both significant income mixing in the majority of US urban micro neighborhoods and the extent of income mixing within neighborhoods of concentrated poverty. JEL classification codes: D31, C14, R21, R38.
Recently considerable interest has emerged in the economic literature about social interactions a... more Recently considerable interest has emerged in the economic literature about social interactions and the ways in which social norms and structures condition individual behavior. The treatment of labor market transactions as very different from trading in goods reflects the importance of idiosyncrasies due to social effects.
The effect of information and communication technologies on urban structure
SUMMARY This paper examines the effects of information and communication technologies (ICT) on ur... more SUMMARY This paper examines the effects of information and communication technologies (ICT) on urban structure. Improvements in ICT may lead to changes in urban structure, for example, because they reduce the costs of communicating ideas from a distance. Hence, they may weaken local agglomeration forces and thus provide incentives for economic activity to relocate to smaller urban centres.
Identification of social interactions
Abstract: While interest in social determinants of individual behavior has led to a rich theoreti... more Abstract: While interest in social determinants of individual behavior has led to a rich theoretical literature and many efforts to measure these influences, a mature “social econometrics” has yet to emerge. This chapter provides a critical overview of the identification of social interactions. We consider linear and discrete choice models as well as social networks structures. We also consider experimental and quasi-experimental methods.
Regional disparities in Greece: the performance of Crete, Peloponnese and Thessaly
Zusammenfassung: Unequal spatial distribution of economic activity within countries continues to ... more Zusammenfassung: Unequal spatial distribution of economic activity within countries continues to be important despite the significant progress of the world economy during the second half of this century.
Abstract: This assessment of Scott Page's The Difference (Princeton University Press, 2007) empha... more Abstract: This assessment of Scott Page's The Difference (Princeton University Press, 2007) emphasizes the depth and breadth of the book's coverage and arguments and checks them against existing empirical evidence, when available. It argues that the book navigates artfully between being a “manifesto” for diversity and rigorous science writing while at the same time marketing economic science in new ways.
Layoff Unemployment, Risk Shifting, and Productivity
Abstract This paper is concerned with the theory of implicit labor contracts. The implications of... more Abstract This paper is concerned with the theory of implicit labor contracts. The implications of introducing hours worked or effort as an argument both in workers' utility functions (in addition to the wage rate) and in firms' production functions (in addition to the number of workers) are considered. It is shown that layoffs can occur at equilibrium in the absence of unemployment compensation and value of leisure, but only because of the inclusion of this additional variable.
This paper revisits the literature on modelling organizations as networks of agents. Individual a... more This paper revisits the literature on modelling organizations as networks of agents. Individual agents screen projects. Architectural features of organizations, that is how each agent's decision combines with those of others, affect the organization's screening performance. The paper emphasizes how multi-agent organizations may improve upon individual screening performance by suitable arrangement of the flow of decisions.
Abstract: This paper examines social interactions when social networking is endogenous. It employ... more Abstract: This paper examines social interactions when social networking is endogenous. It employs a linear-quadratic model that accommodates contextual effects, and endogenous local interactions, that is where individuals react to the decisions of their neighbors, and endogenous global ones, where individuals react to the mean decision in the economy, both with a lag.
We report nonparametrically estimated stochastic transition kernels for the evolution of the dist... more We report nonparametrically estimated stochastic transition kernels for the evolution of the distribution of US metropolitan area populations, for the period 1900 to 1990. These suggest a fair amount of uniformity in the patterns of mobility during the study period. The distribution of city size is predominantly characterised by persistence. Additional kernel estimates do not reveal any stark differences in intra-region mobility patterns.
We use data for metro areas in the United States, from the US Census for 1900–1990, to test the v... more We use data for metro areas in the United States, from the US Census for 1900–1990, to test the validity of Zipf's Law for cities. Previous investigations are restricted to regressions of log size against log rank. In contrast, we use a nonparametric procedure to estimate Gibrat's Law for city growth processes as time-varying geometric Brownian motion and to calculate local Zipf exponents from the mean and variance of city growth rates. Despite variation in growth rates as a function of city size, Gibrat's Law does hold.
Page 1. VERY PRELIMINARY DRAFT ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF WORLD WAR II FOR GREECE by Yannis M. Ioan... more Page 1. VERY PRELIMINARY DRAFT ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF WORLD WAR II FOR GREECE by Yannis M. Ioannides 1 October 31, 2004 ABSTRACT Talk-OXI-Day- MaliotisCenter-Oct31-2004.tex 1I am grateful for research support provided graciously by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, through the Research Network on Social Interactions and Economic Disparities. Page 2.
ABSTRACT We present a model of city size distributions that emphasizes the importance of human ca... more ABSTRACT We present a model of city size distributions that emphasizes the importance of human capital accumulation. We then use it to explore the evolution of city size distributions in the United States by means of a newly constructed data set. The data are from the US Census and cover metropolitan areas from 1900 to 1990.
Abstract The geographic concentration of economic activity occurs because transport costs for goo... more Abstract The geographic concentration of economic activity occurs because transport costs for goods, people and ideas give individuals and organisations incentives to locate close to each other. Historically, all of these costs have been falling. Such changes could lead us to predict the death of distance. This paper is concerned with one aspect of this prediction: the impact that less costly communication and transmission of information might have on cities and the urban structure.
Propaedeutics of strategic theories of economic integration
We briefly discuss strategic considerations regarding economic integration of two countries. We p... more We briefly discuss strategic considerations regarding economic integration of two countries. We primarily explore strategic aspects of economic integration when three countries are involved. The concluding section contains a short comment on the case of more than three countries.
Abstract This paper contributes to the social interactions literature by utilizing data on househ... more Abstract This paper contributes to the social interactions literature by utilizing data on households' residential sorting. We employ a standard neighborhood effects model in which households' valuation of neighborhoods derives from neighborhood effects in the formation of human capital and in the process of enculturation. We use micro data from the PSID merged, using geocodes, with contextual information at the levels of census tracts from the 2000 US Census.
Abstract The paper seeks to contribute to the social interactions literature by exploiting data o... more Abstract The paper seeks to contribute to the social interactions literature by exploiting data on individuals' self-selection into neighborhoods. We study a model in which households search for the best location in the presence of neighborhood effects in the formation of children's human capital and in the process of cultural transmission. We use micro data from the PSID which we have merged, using geocodes, with contextual information at the levels of census tracts and of counties from the 2000 US Census.
This paper extends K. Matsuyama (1996, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 10, 4... more This paper extends K. Matsuyama (1996, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 10, 419–439) to allow for the presence of a fixed factor such as land. By assuming that agricultural production is more land-intensive than manufacturing production, we generalized Matsuyama's results on symmetry breaking in the world economy. That is, international trade by causing an agglomeration of economic activities in different countries of the world makes inevitable the coexistence of rich and poor. J. Japan. Int. Econ.
We study individually optimized continuous outcomes in a dynamic environment in the presence of s... more We study individually optimized continuous outcomes in a dynamic environment in the presence of social interactions, and where the interaction topology may be either exogenous and time varying, or endogenous. The model accommodates more general social effects than those of the mean-field type. We address endogenous networking by assuming that each individual chooses the weights she attaches to the characteristics and the decisions of other agents.
Abstract-The paper seeks to contribute to the social interactions literature by exploiting data o... more Abstract-The paper seeks to contribute to the social interactions literature by exploiting data on individuals' self-selection into neighborhoods. We study a model in which households search for the best location in the presence of neighborhood effects in the formation of children's human capital and in the process of cultural transmission. We use micro data from the PSID which we have merged, using geocodes, with contextual information at the levels of census tracts and of counties from the 2000 US Census.
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Papers by Yannis Ioannides