Agricultural structures and irrigation

This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on tuber growth and quality of potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.). Certified seeds of potato variety “Agria” were used as study material. Irrigation treatments was consisted
of one irrigation interval (5 days) and five different levels (I , I , I , I , I ) of soil water deficit measured before 100 85 70 55 40
irrigations. First irrigation was applied by drip irrigation up to field capacity the soil water content in 0-60 cm depth in all
treatments. Subsequent irrigations were applied according to the treatments.
The irrigation water and evapotranspiration (ET) values of treatments ranged from 243.0 to 311.9.4 mm and from 337.1
to 385.9 mm in the first year, respectively, and from 166.7 to 223.2 mm and from 204.0 to 255.7 mm in the second year,
respectively. Yields varied from 30.85 to 47.13 t/ha in the first year and from 28.77 to 44.45 t/ha in the second year. The
yields were decreased based on water deficit levels. The highest yields were obtained from I treatment. 100
The results have indicated that water restriction had a significant effect on yield, single tuber weight, percentage of
marketable tuber, plant length, mean tuber length, mean tuber diameter and percentage of tuber peeling. The results were
showing that the I treatment in especially was of the most importance for the highest percentage marketable tuber and 100
tuber yield obtained per unit water applied. Therefore, the I treatment can be recommended for potato cultivation under 100
similar climatic and soil conditions.

The aim of this study carried out in Van, Turkey was to determine the most suitable irrigation frequencies and quantities in summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Sakız) grown under field conditions. Irrigation quantities were based on pan evaporation (E pan ) from a screened class-A pan. Irrigation treatments consisted of two irrigation intervals (I1: 5 days; I2: 10 days), and three pan coefficients (K cp 1: 0.45; K cp 2: 0.65 and K cp 3: 0.85). Plants were adequately watered from seed sowing to first fruit emergence, then, scheduled irrigations were initiated at 5-and 10-day intervals.

This study investigated the effects of different drip irrigation programs on boll number, shedding percentage, and yield of cotton. The amount of water used was based on free surface evaporation from a screened class-A pan. Irrigation treatments consisted of two different irrigation intervals (I1: 5 days; I2: 10 days), three plant-pan coefficients (K cp 1: 0.75; K cp 2: 0.90; K cp 3: 1.05) and two different wetting factors (P1: 0.70 (constant) and P2: based on cover percentage of the crop). The first irrigation was carried out when the available water in the 120 cm of the soil profile was at the 40% level.

This study was conducted to determine the most suitable irrigation frequency and quantity in cucumber grown under field conditions. The amount of water used was based on pan evaporation from a screened Class-A pan. Irrigation treatments consisted of two irrigation intervals (I1: 4 and I2: 8 day), and three plant-pan coefficients (K cp 1: 0.50; K cp 2: 0.75 and K cp 3: 1.00). Plants were first watered at the transplanting date and scheduled irrigations were initiated after 4-and 8-day intervals.

Abstract: The beachrock formation on the Arıburnu coast situated in the Gelibolu Peninsula has been studied by field observation, thin-section interpretation, physicochemical analyses including ICP-AES and SEM/EDS, and OSL dating. These analyses reveal the presence of different ...

Buyukcekmece Reservoir, located in the western outskirts of Istanbul, is one of the major water resources of Istanbul, and supplies drinking water to about 4 million people. Erosion in the catchment of the reservoir is an important problem in terms of its longer-term sustainability for water supply. There is an urgent need to obtain reliable quantitative data regarding erosion and deposition rates within the catchment to assess the magnitude of the problem and to plan catchment management strategies. In the absence of existing data, attention has focussed on the potential for using 137 Cs measurements to provide retrospective estimates of medium-term soil erosion rates within the catchment over the past ca. 40 years. To date, the 137 Cs approach has not been used to document soil redistribution rates in Turkey and this contribution reports an attempt to confirm the 0341-8162/$ -see front matter D viability of the approach and the results of a preliminary investigation of rates of soil loss from uncultivated areas within the catchment. The soil redistribution rates estimated using the profile distribution conversion model varied from À 16.11 (erosion) to 4.59 (deposition) t/ha/year.

2008: Geomorphological investigation of the excavation-induced Dündar landslide, Bursa -Turkey. Geogr. Ann ., 90 A (2): 109-123. Gümü ≠ pınar village, where the most significant normal fault with a 75 m vertical displacement in a coalbearing sequence is found in the lignite field.

On the basis of field observations, thin section interpretations, microanalytical data, electrical resistivity survey and luminescence dating, the age, composition and internal structure of coastal eolianite on the west Black Sea coast at Ş ile, Istanbul, was studied for a combined interpretation of dune rock development and facies characteristics. Results demonstrate that the eolianite is made up of south-dipping, large-scale dune stratification, consisting mainly of quartz sand and, in particular, abundant ooids, as well as the binding cement which is composed of calcite and aragonite. Based on Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) images, the eolianite has a thickness of between 3.5 m and 8 m and overlies a buried rugged topography that has developed on the Pliocene unit. This suggests the predominance of northerly winds that account for the landward removal of dune sands by offshore wind drift prior to carbonate cementation. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating estimations revealed that the initial deposition of the laminated eolianite layers on the underlying older unit took place at 138.57 AE 13.65 ka, matching the Karangatian highstand or Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e.

This study was conducted to determine of effects that drip irrigation method on the salt accumulation in soil profile. The amount of irrigation water applied was based on free surface evaporation from a screened Class-A Pan. Irrigation treatments consisted of two different irrigation intervals (I1: 5; I2: 10 days), and three plant-pan cofficients (Kcp1: 0.75, Kcp2: 0.90, Kcp3: 1.05) and two different soil surface wetting percentages (P1: 0.70 and P2: based on cover percentage of the crop). According to the results, the salt accumulation increased on the upper layer outside of wetting volume area and at on lateral distance 30 cm from the dripper. Distance 15 cm from the dripper was determined to the generally increases in the lowest layers and decrease down towards from the upper layers.

Ertek, A.; Kılıç, E.; Erginal, A.E.; Ekinci, Y.L., and Demirci, A., 0000. Preliminary assessment of submerged beachrock and tsunamigenic deposit, Hasır Island, Marmara Archipelago, Turkey. Journal of Coastal Research, 00(0), 000-000. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This study focused on the effects of agricultural practices on water conservation in Turkey. Currently, about 75% of Turkey's available water resources are used for agricultural purposes. In this study, possible solutions for water shortage were analyzed in the light of the research and statistics studies conducted on agricultural irrigation in Turkey and the world.

In this paper, we discuss main depositional characteristics, subsurface structure and radiocarbon ages of a fossil-rich deposit of possibly tsunamigenic origin on Hasır Island coast (40° 29' North; 27° 34' East), Southern Marmara Archipelago, SW Marmara Sea, Turkey. The studied sequence is found on the west coast of the island (0,016 km2), one of the small islands of Southern Marmara Archipelago (Arnold, 2008) comprising 24 islands and cays with a total area of 165 km². These islands rising on southwest shelf of the Marmara Sea form part of the Kapıdağ Peninsula and are composed of granite, granodiorite, marble and schist (Ardel and Kurter, 1973). The samples of fossil shells were collected for AMS radiocarbon dating and stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) measurements. Along transects taken perpendicular to the coastline, electrical resistivity imaging was conducted to reveal subsurface nature of the sequence and its contact relation with the underlying unit. Foraminiferal conte...

Although it is an inland sea, the Sea of Marmara and its surroundings have rather complex morphology due to the active tectonics of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) zone in this region. The Kapıdağ Peninsula which is located at its southern coasts also represents a complex morphology. Macro morphologic units of Kapıdağ Peninsula are N-S trending deep valley systems, mountain areas and Belkıs isthmus. The most coastal area of peninsula has terraces, coastal plains and alluvial valley floors. These unique morphologic features can explain some parameters of active tectonics of the Sea of Marmara region. In order to investigate these geomorphologic features of the Kapıdağ peninsula in detail, some land observations, satellite data, Digital Terrain Models (DTMs which have been evaluated from topographic maps with a vertical precision of ±3m and cell size of 8m), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), traditional methods and some integrated techniques such as image processing were used.

We present new data from cemented coquina (or coquinite sensu stricto) as possible evidence of a highstand on the western Black Sea coast of Turkey. The carbonate-cemented coquinite cropping on the west Black Sea coast of Turkey bear witness to changes of sea level during the Late Pleistocene. Rich in benthic foraminifera typical of the Mediterranean, the coquinite dated at 30 and 27 kyr BP could be indicative of a relative highstand known as the Tarkhankutian transgression, but likely indicates a sea level similar to today, contrary to lowstand, suggesting –30 m below that of the present.