Mass Communication & Videography

The film exhibition sector in India belongs to the disorganized industry. And it also goes without saying that the exhibition of films in India is the most under-studied area in the Indian cinema. The form of exhibition in India fueled by the liberalization of the economy has experienced a major change over the last decade. This change is seen in the rapid mushrooming of multiplexes throughout the major metros and suburbs in India. The content and the form of films are also getting influenced by this emerging trend of multiplexes in India.

In this dissertation I have tried to connect various socio-economic and political events which helped the multiplexes to grow so rapidly in the last few years. I have also discussed about the logic behind multiplexes being constructed inside shopping malls, their structures and interiors and how all these appeal to the Indians. The stories or content of the films are also changing with the form of exhibition in India. This dissertation also tries to find an answer behind this. To sum it up, this dissertation is an account of new form of exhibition of films in India and how is this having an effect on the Indian film industry.

On August 12, 2014, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released “Recommendations on Issues relating to media ownership” and without much surprise described the press as the “Fourth Estate” and that it plays a crucial role in a democracy1. TRAI in its very first paragraph emphasises the importance of media in a democratic country and describes it as a watchdog of public interest. It also stresses the fact that media is a “witness” and “commentator” on the activities of the Government and society at large. Thus there is no way one can escape the tone under which TRAI tries to define media’s universe. Political parties have always been dependent on media for their image; so much so that a Congress spokesperson after the results on General Elections 2014 stated that media’s “painting a negative image of the Congress” were the major reason behind their defeat. This mildly describes the power of media, or in other words how politicians perceive media. This statement is also a proof that such a perception exists in the political circles and media magnates are going to fully leverage into that perception to gain more power. Thus the nexus continues. Due to this reason, media regulation in India seems to meet a dead end every time there are talks to regulate media ownership.

8th March is celebrated as International Women’s Day in many countries around the world. On this particular day, women are recognised for their achivements in various fields, without the barriers of nationality, ethnicity, linguistics, culture, economic and political status. The four global United Nations Women’s Conferences in the past has helped build support for women’s rights and participation in political and economic areas. Media, in many ways, influences our daily lives, shapes our ideologies, sets our agenda, infuses its messages into our social consciousness and thus impacting our behavioural and social patterns. It is thus important to have gender equality in media. Unfortunately, even after 20 years after the adoption of Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995), the attainment of gender equality in media and women’s empowerment still remains a distant dream. Media outlets too often “perpetuate unrealistic, stereotypical and limiting perception of men and women. They reflect and sustain socially endorsed views of gender, emphasise traditional roles and sometimes contribute to normalizing violence against women”, says Gwang-Jo Kim, Director, UNESCO Bangkok.

April is a special month for film lovers. On this month, a legend was born. For the uninitiated, April 16 marks the birth anniversary of Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin or Charlie Chaplin, as we tend to know him. Chaplin was born into a theatrical family, his father being a vocalist and actor and his mother was an attractive actress and was known by her stage name ‘Lily Harley’. He was born in 1889 in London, England. As a child, his life was marred with poverty and hardships. The death of his father and his mother’s mental illness left him and his brother Sydney Chaplin out to fend for themselves. They were merely 10 years old then. Their tragic childhood experiences are vividly mentioned in his autobiography named “My Autobiography”, which was first published in the year 1964. Both Charlie and Sydney Chaplin took to stage, having inherited talents from their parents. Charlie made his professional debut as a member of a juvenile group called “The Eight Lancashire Lads” and soon became popular as an outstanding tap dancer.

Over the last ten years social media has gained the reputation of being a popular choice of communication among people. Not only in advanced countries like US and UK, but developing countries like India has become one of the largest users of social media. Today, India has overtaken US (which ranks 2 nd to India) in terms of Facebook users in the world followed by Brazil and Indonesia. Everyday there are millions of people who are joining these social media sites and are sharing opinions on issues of social, political and economic importance. These discussions sometime take the face of activism, sometimes social protest, in some cases, change in laws of the country and sometimes have even lead to the uprootment of the ruling government. If we look at the impact social media had over the political decision making of a country, we will find that every major country around the world to some extent or the other have been effected by it. For example, the 2008 US Presidential Election, when Barack Obama became the President for the first time (second time was in 2012), had been termed by many critics as a win by social media. It is now a known fact that Barack Obama used social media to its full potential. In fact, the 2008 US Presidential Election was the first example of how social media can be used to garner popular votes and instigate popular sentiments. After the hugely successful social media campaigns of the 2008 Election, came Arab Spring in 2011. Social Media played a central role in shaping political debates in the Arab Spring. India being one of the largest countries in the world and having a large young population, millions of whom are present in social media platforms, permeates ideas and thoughts among themselves. The youth of India is hooked into social media. Not only the youth, but the average Indian too is now connected through social media and these number of users are growing with each passing day. Thus to reach this population and to connect with people, political parties in India too are taking the social media route. Politicial Communication in India is fast changing due to the advent of social media. In 2014, the BJP garnered popular sentiments not only through its social media campaigns but also its candidate for Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi himself was very active in social media. His tweets and selfies became very popular among the youth. This paper tries to study this trend in political communication especially in the context of election campaigns in India. It also tries to understand how social media sets the agenda for election campaigns and evokes popular emotions and sentiments among people.

Journalism today is facing ethical crisis due to advent of new media technologies.  A new definition of journalists has been formed where citizens actively take part in news production. The practice if Journalism is witnessing structural changes in four aspects: economic, narrative, organizational and relationship. Journalists are intruding into the private life to create sensational news. World Wide Web has become a medium of exhibitionism and voyeurism. The media content is mainly controlled by the publishers, advertisers and citizens.

Religion grows out of one’s personal need. Faith is communicated through various media. Religious communication is born out of communication events such as religious gatherings, individual rituals, and prayers. Religious communication has three important components such as information, transmittal of this information, and understanding this transmittal.  Canonical texts, Song, Music, Dance, Drama, Architecture, Plastic Arts, Pictures, Odour, Signs, Symbols, Gesture, and Rituals are important media for communicating religious information.

The aim of this research article is to demonstrate the way fake news has altered the mainstream journalism. The current paper studied several literatures available to examine how social media platforms such as Facebook, Google and Twitter have been used during U.S. Presidential Election 2016 for the growth of fake journalism. The growth of fake news has created vexation for many political analysts as they think such trend may hamper democracy. Fake news websites simply propagate false news and views to change people’s viewpoints. Social media in response to several criticisms have created algorithms and adopted other measures to control fake news.

The aim of this research article is to illustrate how financial payment system like credit card has been transformed due to intervention of social media like Twitter. The paper investigates how Twitter has developed new payment transaction service called Square. It also demonstrates how position of credit cards has been transformed in this modern technological era.

This article studies over the connection between technology and journalism. New media technology such as Internet has revolutionized our information world. From traditional media ecology we heralded into new media ecology. In current scenario, traditional mass media succumbed before modern electronic technologies like user-generated contents, blogs, tweets wikis, chat rooms, and others. Journalistic field has been drastically affected due to recent technological transformation. Technology has been always been praised for improvising the news gathering and broadcasting process but in contrary it also been blamed and faced several criticisms for degrading journalistic standard. The imitation processes in editorial work has been enhanced due to online media sources and Homogeneity in new content “New” approach has been taken in New Journalism practices. In news production, active involvement of the citizens can be seen at grassroot level. Journalism, as an institution has been reshuffled by new technological gadgets. Newspaper, one of the oldest forms of media has gone through many changing phases. Some opted for online network-centric writing style while others went for total online makeover. Papers are replaced by latest i-gadgets like ePaper or eReader. New bloggers added a breeze to new journalistic environment. Their free and liberal approach in writing is constantly facing the question of being “valid journalists

The paper analyzed contents of Twelve Facebook users from 16th March 2017 to 15th February 2017. Social media such as Facebook allow people to reach out our friends. We can share our status, personal feelings, events, talents, likings and dis-likings. Facebook plays an important role in our life. We spend most of our time in virtual world. The current study mainly employs content analysis method to determine the the way Facebook has changed world of communication. Content analysis of account holders Timeline revealed that Indians share mainly 25 genres of posts:

The paper aims at defining the concept of money. The study aims at searching various roles money plays in our economy. Money has been categorized in different forms according to the requirement of different situation. Now, money has evolved from conventional form to modern one

The concept of Marketing has changed with time. The first and foremost aim of marketing is to attract new customers. the second aim is to retain that customer. end of last century witnessed a great revolution of in communication technologies. Apart from the tradition electronic media such as Radio, Television and Film, a new form of media basically known as “New Media” came into power. Modern electronic technologies like discussion boards, SMS messages, emails, wikis, chat rooms, blogs, and tweets has enhanced the communication power of the marketers. As digitalization of media took place, different information and communication platforms has been converged. Technological convergence has blurred all channel-based metaphors such as speech, transportation, and airwaves. Information can be easily transferred from one computer to another via digital media. Now, both marketers and customers possess computers, through which they can exchange their marketing information. Internet has marked new revolution in marketing strategies. New form Internet marketing such as email marketing and social media marketing are expanding day by day.

The financial system of a country is changing. Information has become more accessible to both individuals and organizations with the advent of modern information technologies. The Internet and electronic commerce has changed the working process of traditional brokerage firms, banks, and insurance companies. Due to the technological advances, they are now expanding their markets; providing better customer service, increasing productivity with faster exchange of information, and offering lower costs for transactions with their suppliers, distribution channels, and customers. Financial service firms are constantly providing innovative services and greater access to information and efficiency for business customers with rapid advancing technologies. Online banking has been forever changed the management process of finances. Banks are now only a few clicks away from their clients. They can bank at any moment of time-either day or night-sitting at home, in the office, on the flight or even while in private conversations.

Technologies have evolved with time. Technologies had deep impact on human life since Palaeolithic period. Financial Service Institutions such as Banks and Insurance houses been transformed drastically with the advent of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). Internet being one of the vital components of modern ICT has permitted formation of extensive, low-cost and convenient financial network.

The future mobile banking is only big but it is considered to be very bright. With the growth of mobile commerce, electronic wallets and wireless purses are taking place of paper cash. Financial institutions like bank are facilitating their products, pricing and transactions for mobile channels. As a form of branchless banking, mobile banking holds the promise to cater lower transaction costs facilities any time at any place.

The paper examines bank customers in Kolkata regarding various factors that attracts them to select electronic banking technologies. A random sample of 150 individuals was selected to represent the major categories of individuals relevant to the research. Though a structured questionnaire data are collected to determine the factor speed, simplicity, security, age and gender associated with selection of e-banking technologies. Factors speed, simplicity, security and gender doesn't support previous literature review that these factors are directly associated with selection process. But the factor age supports the previous literature studies. Conclusions are made according to chi-square analysis of collected data. The study revealed customers below 39 years support electronic banking technologies. Males rely more on electronic banking technologies in comparison to females.

The chapter aims at studying the online media habits of school students. 51 respondents from Kendriya Vidyalaya were studied to gather information about their online media habits. The research methodology involves the standard areas of questionnaire designing, implementation of survey, and quantitative analysis of the data.

The chapter aims at studying Various Techniques of Teaching English Language in Classroom.  The research methodology involved a thorough analysis about the background of the English language and its various techniques. The current study also inquires about various aids and ICT tools used in teaching English Language. Two English Language Teachers are interviewed to share their experience.