Education

So far as the Education Scenario of West Bengal is concerned, Pandit Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar held a significant position as a member of the then enlightened community of the Bengal Renaissance, his ideas, and his enthusiasm overwhelmed his countrymen in many ways. As an administrator, he had the responsibility to design the education sector of Bengal from its core and the periphery of Women's Education got a significant focus during his time. Though the conceptual pattern had been borrowed from foreign ideology, it has its root in the soil of the Indian Education system also. This paper wishes to focus on the domain of Women's Education and the empowerment of women as envisaged by Vidyasagar with a just appreciation of the historical scenario that has ultimately designed his stance as a deliberate strategy to attune society with the conceptual pattern of the idea of Motherhood.

Quality can be defined by effectiveness of learning experience provided to the
students. Thus, quality is a multidimensional and dynamic concept (Vlãsceanu et al., 2007)
and in this connection, the issue of skill development gets impetus ensuring the quality for
educational outcomes. The National Education Policy, 2020 has indeed focussed on such
issues that may lead to a constructivist learning process. Hence, the focus of this paper is to
ponder over the concept of self-efficacy which is a task-specific one (Bandura, 1986) and
therefore it is needed to be measured specifically; and as language learning differs from other
types of learning (William, 1994), more attention needs to be paid to skills like Reading
Comprehension ability in learning English as a second language. This theoretical
investigation is backed by constructivist assumptions that may help to lead to effective
learning.
Keywords: Quality, Learning Experience, Self-Efficacy, Reading Comprehension, ESL.

Curriculum design is deciding about the 'shape' of a curriculum plan. It involves selection of content in line with the goals and objectives of the curriculum. The selected content will have to be arranged in a form that will help teacher in choosing and organizing appropriate learning experiences for the classroom. In this case, the focus of curriculum design based on selection and organization of content (or subject matter) for learners and learning experiences (activities). Obviously, the selection of content and learning experiences will be based on sound theoretical framework.

Learning is planned and guided. We have to specify in advance what we are seeking to achieve and how we are to go about it. The definition refers to schooling. We should recognize that our current appreciation of curriculum theory and practice emerged in the school and in relation to other schooling ideas such as subject and lesson.

The most important element in education is curriculum, because it is of the order of a deliberately designed for the purposes of education. The word “education” does not mean anything without curriculum. When we mention education, indeed we mention the fact of the curriculum. Because of the importance of a curriculum role and function, the effort to make curriculum development is a creative, innovative and dynamic step to progress in accordance with the demand growth and progress of human civilization itself. This paper will attempt to explain the approach and the curriculum development models from the theoretical perspective. May this paper can provide insight overview on the development of curriculum for the postgraduate students.

Curriculum design, development and assessment are central to
teaching and learning in the classroom. In a number of African
countries, teachers may have either a professional teaching
qualification or only an academic qualification. However, it is
important for all teachers to be knowledgeable about the theory,
design and assessment of curriculum. This module provides teachers
with information about the basic elements, factors and institutions
involved in the design and assessment of school curricula.

Plagiarism is an act or practice of taking someone’s words, ideas or concept in one’s own creation without giving credit to the creator. This practice has been carried out since a long time in academia, music, film, painting, sculpture, and dance; to some extent in every dimensions of creative world. But particularly in academia, this practice has been widely spread over last several decades. Different effort has been taken to counter it.
Detection of plagiarize text document with high accuracy is a challenging task. Several methods or techniques are used by plagiarism detecting tools or software. A basic mechanism of textual plagiarism detection is based on matching or comparing the input text to the Reference text with Monolingual or Cross lingual detection. Plagiarize segment with references is provided as output of the process. Analyzing the writing style of the author in different part of a particular document, is the another technique used by plagiarism detecting tools or software. The present paper throws some light on the different types of plagiarism in academia and the corresponding technique to detect that. Last part of this paper states some available detection tools and software used by the different stakeholders in the academia.

Intimate examinations are often distressing for patients. GMC cases with allegations of inappropriate examination or a chaperone not being present have risen over 60% in the past 5 years. Following recommendations in the Ayling report3 and the GMCs 'Intimate examinations and chaperones' our NHS Trust created a surgical admission proforma allowing for full documentation of rectal examinations. This audit aims to determine current use and documentation of chaperones in the Surgical Assessment Unit (SAU). Method: A prospective audit analysing case notes of 40 consecutive adult patients presenting to SAU. Multiple variables collected from a standardised clerking proforma. Result: 37.5%(n¼15) of patients were male and 62.5%(n¼25) female. Median (range) age was 54(16-91) years. 67.5%(n¼27) of had a chaperone present. Of these, 40.7%(n¼11) had name and grade recorded and 37.0%(n¼10) were countersigned. Commonest indication for examination was abdominal pain 35%(n¼14). Incidence of chaperone use by gender of assessor to patient was; F: F(78.6%),F: M(50.0%),M: F(63.7%),M: M(71.4%). Conclusion: Correct documentation of chaperone use falls short of complete compliance with the GMC guidelines in our hospital. However, the authors suggest that a structured area in the clerking proforma aids correct documentation, which is in the interest of all parties involved in intimate examinations.

The present study is an effort to find out the effectiveness of teaching through ABML over the traditional methods in the
secondary level Hindi medium government schools in Alipuduar district of West Bengal. The study revealed that various low cost
teaching aids and experiments can be developed by the teachers for activity based methods of learning and proper utilization of those
leads to the improvement of achievement level in Physical Science of both the genders of students. The study is based on the author’s
experimentation and experience in teaching physical science at secondary level in government Hindi medium school and participation
in various state and district level workshops on ABML.

In modern world of education distance education is becoming an effective way of providing education to the huge number of
untrained primary teachers of India. To meet the learning needs and problems of primary teacher trainees pursuing Diploma in
elementary education (D.El.Ed) offered by national institute of open schooling (NIOS), a unique short time face to face mode of
interaction session is included in the curriculum of the course called personal contact programme (PCP). The present study is an effort
to determine the attitude of the in-service primary teacher trainees toward the PCP. The study revealed positive attitude of trainees for
PCP with no significant difference in attitude of both the genders.

Creativity exists in every field of work and is a part of everyday life. Its contribution to developing an individual, building a society, and developing a nation has made it an interesting field of study for academicians. The social aspect of creativity is now a wellestablished fact, many social factors work in confluence with personality traits and cognitive skills to develop the creative potential of an individual. This creative potential is often considered as the ability of the individual to generate multiple novel and appropriate ideas, it is called their ideational behavior. The present study was aimed to study the effect of social factors like positive parental behavior and friend group behavior on the ideational behavior of the science learners with three mediating factors namely grit, motivation in science, and legislative thinking style. The study was conducted on science learners from different branches of science. The quantitative analysis of data was done and the results revealed parental behavior doesn’t have any direct association with the ideational behavior whereas friend’s behavior does affect the ideational behavior of the science learners. The path analysis revealed that both the social factors do affect the mediating variables to influence the ideational behavior of science learners.

The objective of the chapter is to make the reader fully aware about the meaning of peace and human rights, to give a comprehensive view of peace education and human rights education. Contextually it also briefly explores the human rights declaration by the UN and its main features. The later sections of the chapter explains the coherence of human rights education within peace education with examples from past and present world events and how both the educations are still distinct with a common goal. Lastly some of the major hurdles in the development and implementation of peace and human rights education are also discussed. Key words: Peace, Human rights, Education.

This chapter is aimed to explore the meaning of ‘trafficking’ with special connection to trafficking of children. It will help readers to understanding the global concern of international organisations regarding the hideous act of child trafficking, the extrinsic-intrinsic factors responsible for it in Indian context and possible ways of preventing child trafficking with special emphasis on education as a mean of prevention. Apart from global stand on child trafficking the policies, laws and acts adopted by Indian government, their effect as well as role of NGOs’ are also discussed. One of the main objective of the chapter is to understand the role of education in creating awareness among participants of society against trafficking of children and explore some of the ways in context to Indian culture to help the victims of trafficking to reconnect with the society.

The present chapter is designed to give the readers a brief understanding of the mental health and factors that cause mental health-related problems in students. It explores the continuum nature of mental health and various ways in which a school environment can turn hostile to the mental health of the pupils. The importance of proper school educational and administrative practices are also discussed in connection to safeguarding and improving the mental health of the students. The chapter ends with the moral note of the role of school in close association of society to overcome the barriers and stigmas of mental health for giving every student a fair chance of leading a good life with perfect physical and mental health.

The study was conducted on science learners at high school- and college-level to explore the interrelation of various factors from social environment, cognitive, and non-cognitive resources affecting their creative potential. A hierarchical regression method was used to determine how well positive behavior of parents, supportive behavior of friend groups, grit, motivation in science, and legislative thinking style could predict the creative potential of the science learners. The results revealed that supportive friend group behavior, consistency of interest (a sub-factor of grit), and legislative thinking style can predict the creative potential of science learners. Group variance explained by them was at over 53%. Legislative thinking style turned out to be the most dominant predictor, with 63% of unique variance explained by it. Positive friend group behavior came second, with 9% unique variance explained to the residual. Finally, consistency of interest could explain 12% of unique variance but with negative sign, implying it was not a component of the creative potential of science learners.