Papers by GOPALAKRISHNAN DURAISAMY
X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD)
Encyclopedia of Environmental Change
X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is a technique used in materials science to determine the crysta... more X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is a technique used in materials science to determine the crystallographic structure of a material. XRD works by irradiating a material with incident X-rays and then measuring the intensities and scattering angles of the X-rays that leave the material. A primary use of XRD analysis is the identification of materials based on their diffraction pattern. As well as phase identification, XRD also yields information on how the actual structure deviates from the ideal one, owing to internal stresses and defects.
Circular Economy in Textiles and Apparel., 2019
In 1990, David W. Pearce and R. Turner first coined the term circular economy. The concept is bec... more In 1990, David W. Pearce and R. Turner first coined the term circular economy. The concept is becoming increasingly popular as a new way of thinking when doing business. It is a response to the insight that the present economy, relying on a linear take-make-waste system, is unsustainable and needs to be replaced by a circular system where waste is being transformed into new products and useful resources (Scott, 2015). A central idea is that we should consume services rather
than products or become users rather than end consumers; hence business models should be designed in a way that makes us pay for the access to products rather than the ownership of the product. This will increase the incentives for producers to design high-quality products that last longer instead of products with short life time in order to make consumers quickly buy new ones. Another central idea is that the producers are responsible for the disposal and recycling of the product
and hence they would get better incentives for designing in a way that facilitates the disassembling and recycling of the different materials or components (Van Ostaeyen et al., 2013). Around 100,000 tonnes of used textiles were collected every year from Nordic States in the context of circular economy. Used garments from different regions are collected from the entry level to sale within the industry for coping up their charity
welfare of the organization. Most exports are oriented toward the EU, Africa, and the Middle East in which 15% of total weight, reuse with low quality are sold to Asia. Most of the raw materials are taken for 10% reuse for industrial wipes, 8% for recycling, and 8% for incineration (Scott, 2015). The textile market price falls significantly due to increase in supply of used textiles in the coming years. Most of the resellers increased their production by adopting reusing concepts and also replaced the use of plastics at the cheapest price. Many researchers proved that the introduction of circular economic principles provided a superior solution
toward the societal and environmental impact. The circular economic practices have led the industry toward an annual savings of around 193,000 tonnes by eliminating CO2 and 72 million cubic meters of water, which has significantly contributed for the value chain of textile and apparel production (Van Ostaeyen et al.,2013).
Handbook of Ecomaterials, 2018
Carbon footprint, also called carbon profile, defines the overall amount of carbon dioxide and ot... more Carbon footprint, also called carbon profile, defines the overall amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with a product throughout the entire supply chain, from raw materials to end-of-life recovery and
The main objective of this study provides a strategy for women's empowerment for rural develo... more The main objective of this study provides a strategy for women's empowerment for rural development. This book critically examines the transformation of this dialogue over the time and it is implication in the improvement of the lives of rural men and women. The theoretical arguments for the necessity of introducing gender development strategies in order to improve the specific needs of rural women who are marginalized due to the magnitude of patriarchal dominations in the development administration has been file-tested in two sample locations where gender neutral and gender specific development project have been implemented in Sri Lanka. Empowerment can enable women to participate, as equal citizens, in the economic, political and social sustainable development of the rural communities. The findings outlined in this paper suggest that designed and implemented ways that meet rural women's diverse need, community participation processes can be important to facilitating social,...
The use of enzymes in the textile chemical processing is rapidly gaining globally recognition bec... more The use of enzymes in the textile chemical processing is rapidly gaining globally recognition because of their non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics with the increasingly important requirements for textile manufacturers to reduce pollution in textile production. Enzymes sources, activity, specificity, reaction, mechanism and thermodynamics, function of textile processing with enzymes, major enzymatic applications in textile wet processing and promising areas of enzyme applications in textile processing are discussed. The aim is to provide the textile technologist with an understanding of enzymes and their use with textile materials. Enzymes are proteins Enzymes are generally globular proteins and like other proteins consist of long linear chains of amino acids that fold to produce a three-dimensional product. Each unique amino acid sequence produces a specific structure, which has unique properties. Individual protein chains may sometimes group together to form a protein comple...
Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications,Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021, Dec 30, 2021
Nanotechnology is one of the prominent areas for research studies in developing
super functional... more Nanotechnology is one of the prominent areas for research studies in developing
super functional materials like fabrics with self-cleaning, UV-protection, antimicrobial,
antistatic, soil and stain repellent, water repellent, and fire retardant. The
chapter commences with a preface to the classification of nanofinishing on textiles,
and then on to the different techniques for application, including the nanoparticles
and nanolayers. Later it explains the production of various nanofinishing, namely Lotus effect/self-cleaning textile materials, nano photocatalysts, water repellent/
waterproof fabrics, that are designed to reduce the surface energy through nanostructures and nano surface. The UV-protective textiles by application of TiO2 and ZnO as nanoparticles, durable antimicrobial derivatives from nanosilver, and fire
retardant from various nanostructured chemicals are addressed in this chapter. It is
irony that nanofinishing in textiles has made a big revolution in the world market
for technical textiles, for its potentiality in creating high performance and specialty
clothing. The current and future innovations are focused on sustainability and highperformance materials for which nanotechnology is the solution.
3Rs and circular economy
Circular Economy in Textiles and Apparel
Nanotechnology in Textile Finishing: Recent Developments
Wool: science and technology
... Road E-mail: stan. simpson@ xtra. co. nz Ilkley West Yorkshire LS29 9JD UK Chapter 1: Wool pr... more ... Road E-mail: stan. simpson@ xtra. co. nz Ilkley West Yorkshire LS29 9JD UK Chapter 1: Wool production and fibre marketing Dr WS Simpson, 19 Longmuir Street, Christchurch 4, New Zealand E-mail: stan. simpson@ xtra. co. ...
• The use of enzymes in the textile chemical processing is rapidly gaining globally recognition b... more • The use of enzymes in the textile chemical processing is rapidly gaining globally recognition because to reduce pollution in textile production. • Enzymes sources, function of textile processing with enzymes, major enzymatic applications in textile wet processing and promising areas of enzyme applications in textile processing are discussed. • The aim is to provide the textile technologist with an understanding of enzymes and their use with textile materials. Enzymes Enzymes are proteins • Enzymes are generally globular proteins and like other proteins consist of long linear chains of amino acids that fold to produce a three-dimensional product. Biocatalyst • Enzymes are biocatalyst, and by their mere presence, and without being consumed in the process, enzymes can speed up chemical processes that would otherwise run very slowly.
Textile Processing with Enzymes
Textile Processing with Enzymes, 2003
... Post-translational modification of proteins 29 1.8 Enzymatic catalysis 30 1.9 Future trends 3... more ... Post-translational modification of proteins 29 1.8 Enzymatic catalysis 30 1.9 Future trends 36 1.10 ... Interestingly, amylases remained the only enzymes applied in textile wet processing for almost 70 years ... fabrics as well as to age garments made from materials like denim to obtain ...
Colour fastness is defined as property of pigment or dye to retain its original hue, especially w... more Colour fastness is defined as property of pigment or dye to retain its original hue, especially without fading, running, or changing when wetted, washed, cleaning, when exposed to light, heat, or other influences.
Colour Fastness Test:
•Colour Fastness to Hot Press
•Colour Fastness to Water
•Colour Fastness to Washing
•Colour Fastness to Rubbing
•Colour Fastness (SOLVENT)
PHYTOSPECTRUM (A Bi-Annual Magazine) Vol. 03 Issue No. 02, 2019
Dyes derived from natural materials such as plant leaves, roots, bark, insect
secretions, and min... more Dyes derived from natural materials such as plant leaves, roots, bark, insect
secretions, and minerals were the only dyes available to mankind for the coloring of
textiles. Natural dyes per se are sustainable as they are renewable and biodegradable but
they cannot fulfill the huge demand from the textile sector in view of the preferential use of
land for food and feed purposes. Textiles colored with natural dyes are preferred by
environmentally conscious consumers and today there is a niche market for such textiles.
But the total share of natural dyes in the textile sector is approximately only 1 % due to
certain technical and sustainability issues involved in the production and application of
these dyes such as nonavailability in ready-to-use standard form, unsuitability for machine
use, and limited and non-reproducible shades. Also, overexploitation of natural resources
to obtain dyes may result in deforestation and threaten endangered species. This paper
attempts to review the current status of natural dyes and various sustainability issues
involved in their production and application and examines their future prospects.
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Papers by GOPALAKRISHNAN DURAISAMY
than products or become users rather than end consumers; hence business models should be designed in a way that makes us pay for the access to products rather than the ownership of the product. This will increase the incentives for producers to design high-quality products that last longer instead of products with short life time in order to make consumers quickly buy new ones. Another central idea is that the producers are responsible for the disposal and recycling of the product
and hence they would get better incentives for designing in a way that facilitates the disassembling and recycling of the different materials or components (Van Ostaeyen et al., 2013). Around 100,000 tonnes of used textiles were collected every year from Nordic States in the context of circular economy. Used garments from different regions are collected from the entry level to sale within the industry for coping up their charity
welfare of the organization. Most exports are oriented toward the EU, Africa, and the Middle East in which 15% of total weight, reuse with low quality are sold to Asia. Most of the raw materials are taken for 10% reuse for industrial wipes, 8% for recycling, and 8% for incineration (Scott, 2015). The textile market price falls significantly due to increase in supply of used textiles in the coming years. Most of the resellers increased their production by adopting reusing concepts and also replaced the use of plastics at the cheapest price. Many researchers proved that the introduction of circular economic principles provided a superior solution
toward the societal and environmental impact. The circular economic practices have led the industry toward an annual savings of around 193,000 tonnes by eliminating CO2 and 72 million cubic meters of water, which has significantly contributed for the value chain of textile and apparel production (Van Ostaeyen et al.,2013).
super functional materials like fabrics with self-cleaning, UV-protection, antimicrobial,
antistatic, soil and stain repellent, water repellent, and fire retardant. The
chapter commences with a preface to the classification of nanofinishing on textiles,
and then on to the different techniques for application, including the nanoparticles
and nanolayers. Later it explains the production of various nanofinishing, namely Lotus effect/self-cleaning textile materials, nano photocatalysts, water repellent/
waterproof fabrics, that are designed to reduce the surface energy through nanostructures and nano surface. The UV-protective textiles by application of TiO2 and ZnO as nanoparticles, durable antimicrobial derivatives from nanosilver, and fire
retardant from various nanostructured chemicals are addressed in this chapter. It is
irony that nanofinishing in textiles has made a big revolution in the world market
for technical textiles, for its potentiality in creating high performance and specialty
clothing. The current and future innovations are focused on sustainability and highperformance materials for which nanotechnology is the solution.
Colour Fastness Test:
•Colour Fastness to Hot Press
•Colour Fastness to Water
•Colour Fastness to Washing
•Colour Fastness to Rubbing
•Colour Fastness (SOLVENT)
secretions, and minerals were the only dyes available to mankind for the coloring of
textiles. Natural dyes per se are sustainable as they are renewable and biodegradable but
they cannot fulfill the huge demand from the textile sector in view of the preferential use of
land for food and feed purposes. Textiles colored with natural dyes are preferred by
environmentally conscious consumers and today there is a niche market for such textiles.
But the total share of natural dyes in the textile sector is approximately only 1 % due to
certain technical and sustainability issues involved in the production and application of
these dyes such as nonavailability in ready-to-use standard form, unsuitability for machine
use, and limited and non-reproducible shades. Also, overexploitation of natural resources
to obtain dyes may result in deforestation and threaten endangered species. This paper
attempts to review the current status of natural dyes and various sustainability issues
involved in their production and application and examines their future prospects.