Biomedical Engineering Faculty

The main aim of this work was evaluation of the displacements, strains and stresses in components of knee endoprosthesis by means of Finite Element Method. The semi-constrained knee endoprosthesis instrumented into femur and tibia bones was chosen for the analysis. The first step was preparation of full knee endoprosthesis geometrical model which was developed on a basis of a real model. Using reverse engineering methods containing 3D scanning and post-processing, model was obtained and then modified due to analysis assumptions. To carry out an analysis it was necessary to develop a femur and tibia bone models, which were obtained from MRI scans. Next a grid for finite-element method calculations was generated for the geometrical model. Mesh was next optimized to obtain high quality elements along with simplification of calculations. Subsequently it was necessary to specify and set the edge conditions to reflect appropriately the phenomena taking place in the real system. The system was loaded with axial force from femur proximal joint surface to tibia distal joint surface in range of 500-2000 N. Calculations were realized for endoprosthesis components made of chromium alloy for femoral joint surface part, UHMWPE for plastic sliding bearing and five different titanium alloys for endoprosthesis femoral part stem and tibial implant part-Table 1. On a basis of obtained results, the highest values of reduced stress in endoprosthesis elements were observed in the stems of both femoral and tibial part. Stress in bone didn't exceed its compression strength for all of chosen materials. The biomechanical analysis may form the basis for improving the geometry of analyzed endoprostheses and optimizing a selection of the mechanical properties of the material used to manufacture them.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a CT scan provides accurate bone surface information for feline bone model development. The second part of study consisted of 3D printing of feline femoral bone models with and without femoral neck fractures (31-B1 and 31-B2 in AO VET classification), as well as the development and 3D printing of drill guides for treatment of femoral neck fractures. The study was carried out on eight models of femoral bones and four drill guides. Initially, trial models of the right and left femurs without neck fractures and trial drill guides were used. Radiographs showed that the use of the prototype guides made it possible to drill holes in the axes of the necks of the femurs. Then, after assessing the correct operation of the guides and improving their adhesion to the bone surface by smoothing the inner surfaces of the guide bases, final bone models without femoral neck fracture, models with fractures 31-B1 and 31-B2, and final drill guides were p...

Introduction and Objective Dentists experience high amounts of professional stress beginning with their student years in dental school. This stress, given its early onset, may negatively impact the personal and professional lives of these individuals, as well as the quality of their clinical work. We sought to create an objective scale to evaluate the levels of stress in students at different stages of their education, as well as in practicing physicians. Materials and Methods Thirty dental students participated in this study, with 10 students each selected from junior, mid-senior, and senior classes. They were randomly divided into two groups in which one group was subjected to stressors while the other group was not. JINS MEME ES_R (JINS) smart glasses and Garmin Vivoactive 3 smartwatches were used to obtain data, including electrooculography (EOG), heart rate (HR), and accelerometer (ACC) and gyroscope (GYRO) feedback, while the subjects performed a dental exercise on a phantom t...

Background and objectives: Stress is a common term used to describe various adverse psychological conditions. Students in the dentistry field face many negative psychological outcomes. The core factors for stress among dental students are related to their training course and social contacts with peers. This research aimed to assess the stress of dental students depending on their gender and study year. Materials and methods: We used the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Mini-COPE questionnaire. The surveys were conducted among 446 dental students (320 women and 126 men) at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice. Results: For the second-year and fifth-year students, the differences in scores were statistically significant, while in both cases, men had significantly lower values on the analysed scale. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significantly lower values on the PSS-10 scale for the third-year and fourth-year students th...

Background: Dental schools are considered to be a very stressful environment; the stress levels of dental students are higher than those of the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the level of stress among dental students while performing specific dental procedures. Methods: A survey was conducted among 257 participants. We used an original questionnaire, which consisted of 14 questions assigned to three categories: I—Diagnosis, II—Caries Treatment, and III—Endodontic Treatment. Each participant marked their perceived level of stress during the performed dental treatment procedures. The scale included values of 0–6, where 0 indicates no stress, while 6 indicates high stress. Results: Third- (p=0.006) and fourth-year (p=0.009) women were characterized by a higher level of perceived stress during dental procedures related to caries treatment. Caries treatment procedures were the most stressful for 18.3% of third-year students, 4.3% of fourth-year students, and 3.2%...

Stress is a physical, mental, or emotional response to a change and is a significant problem in modern society. In addition to questionnaires, levels of stress may be assessed by monitoring physiological signals, such as via photoplethysmogram (PPG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), facial expressions, and head and body movements. In our study, we attempted to find the relationship between the perceived stress level and physiological signals, such as heart rate (HR), head movements, and electrooculographic (EOG) signals. The perceived stress level was acquired by self-assessment questionnaires in which the participants marked their stress level before, during, and after performing a task. The heart rate was acquired with a finger pulse oximeter and the head movements (linear acceleration and angular velocity) and electrooculographic signals were recorded with JINS MEME ES_R smart glasses (JINS Holdings, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). We observ...

The knee joint, being the largest joint in the human body, is responsible for a great percentage of leg movements. The diagnosis of the state of knee joints is usually based on X-ray scan, ultrasound imaging, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or arthroscopy. In this study, we aimed to create an inexpensive, portable device for recording the sound produced by the knee joint, and a dedicated application for its analysis. During the study, we examined fourteen volunteers of different ages, including those who had a knee injury. The device effectively enables the recording of the sounds produced by the knee joint, and the spectral analysis used in the application proved its reliability in evaluating the knee joint condition.

The pandemic declared in many countries in 2020 due to COVID-19 led to the freezing of economies and the introduction of distance learning in both schools and universities. This unusual situation has affected the mental state of citizens, which has the potential to lead to the development of post-traumatic stress and depression. This study aimed to assess the level of stress in dental students in the context of the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. A survey on the PSS-10 scale was prepared to measure the level of perceived stress. The study included 164 dental students at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. The results showed the impact of COVID-19 on the stress of students, with 67.7% reporting high levels of stress. The study also revealed that stress was higher among older female students. This paper recommends that the university provide more intensive psychological care as psychological first aid strategies in epide...

The following study is consistent with the thesis that medicine and technology have undergone many transformations for centuries, and especially over the last few years. There is invariably a need to replace, copy or to model the biological processes. The necessity for carrying out regular check ups and preventive screening tests requires a demand for not only precise or fast, but first of all cheap analytic and diagnostic methods, which can also support the decision making process. Development of technology, chemistry, biology, etc. enables us to create examinations that combine all the mentioned fields. The biggest influence on that has the microprocessor technology, as well as the still increasing significance of the global network Internet. The most important task of this research is to develop an artificial pancreas model based on the concepts of telemedicine and AI algorithms. Its main elements are: measure of blood glucose concentration based on the reflection converter which...

The following research characterises the system for remote data collection of blood glucose concentration. Based on the data an algorithm was introduced in order to determine the infusion of insulin. This paper presents a glucose measurement method using the test strips, instructions for collecting the source data, as well as the process of adjusting the insulin dosage. The main goal of the following study is to create a separate wavelet-neuron structure which would reflect the patient's glucose profile curve received as a result of the blood glucose measurement. The successive aim is to construct an artificial pancreas model on the basis of the telemedicine and the AI algorithms. Its main elements are: blood glucose measurement device based on the reflectance converter adapted for the dry tests Accutrend, artificial intelligence as a decision-making element, as well as characterization of the available applicators and insulin pumps as the closing elements of the glucoseinsulin feedback system. Medium combining all these elements together is the application in the Internet which collects all the necessary data for calculations. The wavelet signal representation s(t) is a relatively new method. There are not many studies based on this method. The artificial pancreas model development as well as glucose-insulin system simulation with the help of the wavelet signals representation is a complete novelty. Studies which apply to this subject matter are: -Simulation of glucose-insulin model implemented in SIMULINK, Brown [1], -Creating adaptive controllers for intelligent monitoring of diabetic, Bellazzi [2], -Constructing a subcutaneous insulin absorption model, Nucci [3], -Study about the control of drug delivery to a patient, Doyle, Parker [4], -Model pancreas function during a long-term insulin therapy, Young, Chuang [5], -Kinetic model of blood glucose variation in a bioartificial pancreas, Young [6], -Development of the insulin-glucose feedback model, Tolic [7]. In Poland the issue of artificial pancreas has been raised in the studies of Nałęcz [8], Świercz [9], Ładyżyński [10] as well as Trojanowski and Wach [11,. There have been used different methods of modelling the insulin-glucose system based on the AI algorithms in the aforementioned publications; however, none of the known studies has tried approximation and modelling with the use of wavelet neuron networks. Construction of wavelets in the MATLAB environment by the 'wavemngr' function. Arguments of the function 'wavemngr' ('add', FN, FSN, WT, NUMS, FILE, B) are: -FN -full family name, -FSN -short name of the wavelet family, -WT -wavelet type, -NUMS -the definition of the wavelet, -FILE -adds a new wavelet to the MATLAB set, -B -number of trials in a given wavelet.

Identifying accident patterns is one of the most vital research foci of driving analysis. Environmental or safety applications and the growing area of fleet management all benefit from accident detection contributions by minimizing the risk vehicles and drivers are subject to, improving their service and reducing overhead costs. Some solutions have been proposed in the past literature for automated accident detection that are mainly based on traffic data or external sensors. However, traffic data can be difficult to access, while external sensors can end up being difficult to set up and unreliable, depending on how they are used. Additionally, the scarcity of accident detection data has limited the type of approaches used in the past, leaving in particular, machine learning (ML) relatively unexplored. Thus, in this paper, we propose a ML framework for automated car accident detection based on mutimodal in-car sensors. Our work is a unique and innovative study on detecting real-world...

Driving a car is an activity that became necessary for exploration, even when living in the present world. Research exploring the topic of safety on the roads has therefore become increasingly relevant. In this paper, we propose a recognition algorithm based on physiological signals acquired from JINS MEME ES_R smart glasses (electrooculography, acceleration and angular velocity) to classify four commonly encountered road types: city road, highway, housing estate and undeveloped area. Data from 30 drivers were acquired in real driving conditions. Hand-crafted statistical features were extracted from the physiological signals to train and evaluate a random forest classifier. We achieved an overall accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score of 87.64%, 86.30%, 88.12% and 87.08% on the test dataset, respectively.

The theme of the work is to analyze the reasons for blocking the development of the Internet functionality of the pop changelog medical parameters, biochemical and morphological for the needs of the patient and the doctor diagnoses it. DiabLab - comparison with similar solutions. The problem diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases of civilization, is heavily publicized, but awareness and knowledge of people potentially at risk of metabolic dysfunctions process is very low. The threat of illnesses with a group of metabolic dysfunction, including diabetes in 2020 may cover more than half the population of people living in Poland. Thanks to the development of telemedicine and state of the art, we can not only affect educate the public about the scale of the threat, but above all, by using the tools available to help and facilitate individual health checks prospective patient. The article is based on experience online monitor changes in medical parameters. DiabLab, brings the re...

The progress in telemedicine can be observed globally and locally. Technological changes in telecommunications systems are intertwined with developments in telemedicine. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has expanded the potential of teleconsultations and telediagnosis solutions in all areas of medicine. This article presents: (1) an overview of milestones in the development of telecommunications systems that allow progress in telemedicine and (2) an analysis of the experiences of the last seven conferences of telemedicine and eHealth in Poland. The telemedicine and eHealth conferences have grown steadily in Poland since their inception in the late 1990s. An exemplary conference program content was used to assess the scientific maturity of the conference, measured by the indices of research dissemination and the impact of publications. The overview presents progress in selected areas of telemedicine, looking at local developments and broader changes. The growing interest in telemedicine ...

Image registration is a commonly required task in computer assisted surgical procedures. Existing registration methods in laparoscopic navigation systems suffer from several constraints, such as lack of deformation compensation. The proposed algorithm aims to provide the surgeons with updated navigational information about the deep-seated anatomy, which considers the continuous deformations in the operating environment. We extended an initial rigid registration to a shapepreserving deformable registration pathway by incorporating user interaction and an iterative mesh editing scheme which preserves local details. The proposed deformable registration workflow was tested with phantom and animal trial datasets. A qualitative evaluation based on expert feedback demonstrated satisfactory outcome, and an commensurate execution efficiency was achieved. The improvements offered by the method, couples with its relatively easy implementation, makes it an attractive method for adoption in future pre-clinical and clinical applications of augmented reality assisted surgeries.

To drive safely, the driver must be aware of the surroundings, pay attention to the road traffic, and be ready to adapt to new circumstances. Most studies on driving safety focus on detecting anomalies in driver behavior and monitoring the cognitive capabilities of drivers. In our study, we proposed a classifier for basic activities in driving a car, based on a similar approach that could be applied to the recognition of basic activities in daily life, that is, using electrooculographic (EOG) signals and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN). Our classifier achieved an accuracy of 80% for the 16 primary and secondary activities. The accuracy related to primary activities in driving, including crossroad, parking, roundabout was 97.9%, 96.8%, 97.4%, and 99.5%, respectively. The F1 score for secondary driving actions (0.99) was higher than for primary driving activities (0.93–0.94). Furthermore, using the same algorithm, it was possible to distinguish four secondary a...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are chronic diseases associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. Early detection of CVD is crucial to initiating timely interventions, such as appro- priate counseling and medication, which can effectively manage the condition and improve patient outcomes. Preventive measures should be implemented at the general public level, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and at the individual level, that is, in people with moderate to high risk of CVD or patients already diagnosed with CVD by addressing an unhealthy lifestyle. Personalized early diagnostic systems based on artificial intelligence (AI), ontologies, and other medical information processing systems may prove to be a great preventive measure. In this paper, we focus on the use of ontology-inspired database models in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, as well as their potential for use in web application development.