Sara Ghanem
-Researcher at Fish Reproduction and Spawning Laboratory, the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt.
-Researcher at Central Laboratories and Genome Units at NIOF.
- Associate Editor for International Journal of Oceanography and aquaculture.
- Scientific Explainer in Alexandria Aquarium.
- Master degree and Doctor of Philosophy -PHD in Genetics, Histology and Cell Biology. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University.
- B Sc. and Former Demonstrator at Zoology Department.
- Assistant to the Research development and innovation (RDI) Focal point for European funding program Horizon 2020 at the Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt.
- Certificate of Diploma Supplement from Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen (France) University, training for Intracellular Signaling and Trafficking activities at the laboratory U 862 “Neuroscience Research Center”, (Zoology).
- Participate in a training course on Environmental Sciences "CST Med4" in Marseille (France).
- Peer Review activity for Qeios.
- Supervisor on PhD thesis.
- Projects Participation concerning Integration of Sparus aurata culture and Induce breeding and larval rearing of Meagre.
-Researcher at Central Laboratories and Genome Units at NIOF.
- Associate Editor for International Journal of Oceanography and aquaculture.
- Scientific Explainer in Alexandria Aquarium.
- Master degree and Doctor of Philosophy -PHD in Genetics, Histology and Cell Biology. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University.
- B Sc. and Former Demonstrator at Zoology Department.
- Assistant to the Research development and innovation (RDI) Focal point for European funding program Horizon 2020 at the Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt.
- Certificate of Diploma Supplement from Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen (France) University, training for Intracellular Signaling and Trafficking activities at the laboratory U 862 “Neuroscience Research Center”, (Zoology).
- Participate in a training course on Environmental Sciences "CST Med4" in Marseille (France).
- Peer Review activity for Qeios.
- Supervisor on PhD thesis.
- Projects Participation concerning Integration of Sparus aurata culture and Induce breeding and larval rearing of Meagre.
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Papers by Sara Ghanem
larviculture can be significantly enhanced by producing new protocols of live feed using modern microbial
trends. Primary goals of successful farmed larvae mainly rely on excellent survival and growth, since
marine fish larvae record unpredicted high mortality rate and poor performance on designed diets during
weaning stage. Adding live or inactive food to the rearing systems is also a widespread technique that has
a significant impact on larval survival and performance. The bulk of mass-cultured marine fish larvae still
need live feeding species, particularly at the beginning of larval nutrition such as: Artemia (brine shrimp),
rotifers Brachionus spp., and microalgae. Bacteria are also added with live food and microalgae in the
larval tanks for the rearing water system. Therefore, this review shed light on the developments of water
rearing systems and improvements in marine fish larvae diets by discussing different types of live feeds and
formulation of weaning microdiets. Since larval development is the most crucial stage of marine aquaculture
production during which the greatest death rates can exceed 70%. Hence, the ontogenic development and
digestive physiology of fish model larvae are also highlighted. Beneficial effects of prebiotics and probiotics
on improving feed utilization and water quality, promoting larval growth and enhancing disease resistance
were also discussed. Moreover, additional case studies about live food enrichment and reared fish larvae
were presented to elucidate their effective role in improving water quality and larval growth performance.
Despite recent substantial advancements in marine larviculture, many questions about fish larvae nutrition
remain unanswered and numerous research avenues remain unexplored. Suggestions, recommendations
and future considerations were mentioned to improve diets during larval rearing and pinpoint the research
gaps that need to be addressed in manual hatchery operations.
without killing the fish. The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is gonochoristic and lacks distinguishable sex
chromosomes, so, sex determination is referred to molecular actions for some sex-related genes on autosomal chromosomes
which are well known such as cyp19a1a, dmrt1a, and dmrt1b genes which play crucial role in gonads development and
sex differentiation. cyp19a1a is expressed highly in females for ovarian development and dmrt1a and dmrt1b are for testis
development in males. In this study, we evaluated the difference in the gene expression levels of studied genes by qPCR in
tail fins and gonads. We then performed discriminant analysis (DA) using morphometric traits and studied gene expression
parameters as predictor tools for fish sex. The results revealed that cyp19a1a gene expression was significantly higher in
future females’ gonads and tail fins (p ≥ 0.05). Statistically, cyp19a1a gene expression was the best parameter to discriminate
sex even the hit rate of any other variable by itself could not correctly classify 100% of the fish sex except when it was
used in combination with cyp19a1a. In contrast, Dmrt1a gene expression was higher in males than females but there were
difficulties in analyzing dmrt1a and dmrt1b expressions in the tail because levels were low. So, it could be used in future
research to differentiate and determine the sex of adult fish using the cyp19a1a gene expression marker without killing or
sacrificing fish.
in fish aquaculture across the globe, those consider deadly infectious pathogens. To prevent
losses on fish farms, it is crucial to obtain information on the infection severity and
the characteristics of those diseases which have been peaked for fish farms and lead to
mass mortality. This study investigates the effect of dual parasitic and bacterial infection on
farmed tilapia, which leads to losses in farmed fish; focuses on the harmful effect of polluted
water on speared infections in farming. During the production season, water and fish
specimens were taken from private fish farms in El-Sharkia and Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt,
particularly during significant mortality times. The infected and uninfected fish samples
were examined to determine bacteriological, parasitological, haemato-biochemical indices,
immune responses, and pathologic changes besides water analysis in fish farming in
the study area. It was discovered that fish were significantly infected with Centrocestus
formosanus encysted metacercariae and/or Cichlidogyrus tilapiae, Heterophyes spp. Also,
three species of gram-negative: Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
and two Gram-positive cocci: Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis.
Identification of bacterial isolates was confirmed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Results demonstrated substantial (P < 0.05) output losses in both farms. Results displayed
negative effects of dual infection on the lost weight, whole-body biochemical, haematobiochemical
indices, digestive enzyme, immune responses, gene expression, and abnormal
features histopathology in different organs of infected Nile tilapia. At the same time, most
of the water Indices strayed considerably from standards. Thus, the obtained data indicated
the detrimental impacts of dual infection and water quality deterioration on the health condition
of Nile tilapia and might help us acquire a deeper understanding of yield loss as
potentially severe economic repercussions for fish farms.