Papers by Ademir Fernandes
Animals
This study evaluated the effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance and apparent di... more This study evaluated the effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance and apparent digestibility of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a commercial fish farm setting. Nile tilapia (6300 male, 57.48 ± 1.04 g) were randomly stocked into 42 floating cages. The experimental design was completely randomized, comprising six treatments and seven replications. Fish were fed five phosphorus deficient plant-based diets with graded levels of phytase supplementation (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 UF kg−1) and an additional diet containing phosphorus supplementation to meet the requirement of this fish species (positive control). After 97 days of feeding, growth performance data were collected and 900 fish (500 ± 10 g) were relocated to 6 floating cages for the digestibility assessment. Quadratic polynomial regression analysis indicated 1537.5 and 1593.2 UF kg−1 as the optimum dietary levels for daily weight gain and feed conversion rate, respectively. Including 2000 UF kg−1 resulted...
Levedura Íntegra e Autolisada Como Pronutriente Em Dietas De Tilápia Do Nilo Durante a Fase De Masculinização
A larvicultura e uma das fases mais importantes no cultivo de peixes, sendo responsavel pela obte... more A larvicultura e uma das fases mais importantes no cultivo de peixes, sendo responsavel pela obtencao de animais em quantidade e qualidade para a producao. A variedade GIFT originou-se de rigoroso processo de selecao genetica, apresentando rusticidade e excelente desempenho produtivo. Atualmente, a utilizacao de levedura integra, autolisada e seus derivados sao recomendados para comporem racoes para organismos aquaticos. A partir do exposto, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo, composicao bromatologica e efetividade da masculinizacao de alevinos de tilapia do Nilo, variedade GIFT. A pesquisa foi realizada no laboratorio de tilapicultura do Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal-SP. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, composto por cinco tratamentos: 1,0 e 2,0% de levedura integra ou autolisada, alem de um tratamento controle (ausente de suplementacao de levedura), com quatro repeticoes. Os peixe...
Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde, 2020
Kinguios são uma das mais importantes espécies de peixes ornamentais criadas mundialmente, entret... more Kinguios são uma das mais importantes espécies de peixes ornamentais criadas mundialmente, entretanto, são insuficientes os estudos com digestibilidade de ingredientes para a espécie. O objetivo com este estudo foi determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparentes (CDAs) da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta de ingredientes energéticos (quirera de arroz, farinha de milho e farelo de trigo) e proteicos (farelo de soja, farinha de peixe, farinha de vísceras de aves) para kinguios (Carassius auratus). O óxido de cromo III foi usado como marcador inerte. Os CDAs da matéria seca e energia dos ingredients energéticos foram, em ordem decrescente: quirera de arroz (97,19 e 94,55%), farinha de milho (76,61 e 77,65%) e farelo de trigo (45.43 e 48.83%); enquanto nos ingredientes proteicos foram: farelo de soja (72,14 e 73,54%), farinha de vísceras de aves (61,77 e 69,50%) e farinha de peixe (47,48 e 60,65%). CDAs da proteína foram mais altos para o farelo de soja (96,11%) e de ...
Aquaculture, 2018
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary available phosphorus (AP) on reproduc... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary available phosphorus (AP) on reproductive performance and bone mineralization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) female broodfish. Four isonitrogenous (35% crude protein), isocaloric (18 MJ crude energy) diets were formulated to contain 1.1, 2.8, 4.9, and 6.7 g kg-1 AP. The diets were fed to four groups of adult Nile tilapia (176.9 ± 2.6 g average body weight), 3 males and 9 females per aquarium, at 1% of their biomass for 26 weeks. Spawning performance, including spawning frequency (SF), total eggs spawned per fish (TEF), inter spawning intervals (ISI), absolute fecundity (AF), and relative fecundity (RF) significantly improved with increasing dietary AP up to 6.7 g kg −1. Based on the polynomial regression analysis of the SF, AF, and RF, the optimum dietary supplementation level of AP was determined to be 6.1, 6.5, and 6.1 g kg-1 diet, respectively. Eggs produced from broodstock fed 6.7 g kg −1 AP exhibited significantly higher hatchability than at other dietary AP levels. However, there were no differences in weight, diameter, and calcium and phosphorus composition of eggs produced by tilapia fed the experimental diets (P > 0.05). Bone volume and densitometry also significantly improved with increasing dietary AP up to 6.7 g kg −1. In conclusion, Nile tilapia were responsive to dietary available phosphorus supplementation with fish fed 6.5 g kg −1 AP showing significantly enhanced spawning performance and bone mineralization .
Revista Caatinga, Apr 13, 2015
RESUMO-O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adição de lipídeos... more RESUMO-O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adição de lipídeos e suas misturas nas rações sobre a hematologia da tilápia-do-nilo antes e após estímulo pelo frio. Foram utilizados 112 juvenis invertidos sexualmente para machos, com peso médio inicial de 30g (±2,65), distribuídos em 28 aquários de 40L e alimentados com 7 dietas contendo: óleo de soja (OS); óleo de peixe (OP); sebo bovino (SB); e as misturas de OS+OP, OS+SB, OP+SB e OS+OP+SB. O arraçoamento foi feito quatro vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente. Ao final de 35 dias e após 7 dias de estímulo pelo frio (13,0ºC) foram determinados os parâmetros hematológicos. No período anterior ao estímulo pelo frio, os peixes que consumiram a dieta contendo SB apresentaram a maior concentração de leucócitos e os que consumiram OP+SB a menor concentração de leucócitos. A proteína plasmática total foi maior nos peixes que consumiram a dieta com a mistura de OS+OP+SB, sendo menor nos que consumiram OS no período anterior ao estímulo pelo frio. Nenhuma das fontes de ácidos graxos promoveram mudanças na saúde e resistência ao frio, sendo que o estímulo pelo frio não causou depressão severa do estado de saúde dos peixes. Palavras-chave: Nutrição de peixes. Óleo de peixe. Óleo de soja. Oreochromis niloticus. Saúde de peixes. HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NILE TILAPIA FED DIETS WITH DIFFERENT LIPIDS AND CHALLENGED BY COLD ABSTRACT-The goal of this paper was to determine the effects of seven diets with differents fatty acids sources in hematology of Nile tilapia before and after cold stimulus. Seven diets, with 3% of fatty acid source, were formulated: soybean oil (OS); fish oil (OP); beef tallow (SB) and mixtures of OS+OP; OS+SB; OP+SB e OS+OP+SB. Fish (112 male of Nile tilapia of 30,0 ± 2,65g) were totally randomly distributed, with four replicates, into 28 plastic aquaria (40 L; 4 fish per aquarium). Fish were fed four times per day for 35 days. At 35th day and also after seven days cold stimulus blood was collected and the profile hematological was evaluated. Leucocytes numbers were reduced in fish fed a SB and fish oil combination diet and were highest in fish fed SB diet before cold stimulus. Plasma protein was reduced in fish fed soybean oil diets and highest in fishes fed a combination of soybean oil, fish oil and SB diets. Anything fatty acids source promotes effective changes in fish health and cold tolerance promotion. Cold don't drastically reduced fish general health status.
Aquaculture, 2016
This study evaluated growth performance, hematological parameters, histological liver analysis, a... more This study evaluated growth performance, hematological parameters, histological liver analysis, and production costs of Nile tilapia fed increasing levels of digestible protein, digestible energy, and choline. Twelve thousand Nile tilapia (148 ± 6.7 g) were randomly distributed into 80 1 m 3 net cages, in a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial design with five digestible protein (DP) levels (24, 26, 28, 30, and 32% DP), two digestible energy (DE) levels (13.4 and 14.65 MJ DE kg −1 diet), and two choline levels (0.0 and 1000 mg kg −1 diet), with four replicates per treatment. Fish fed the higher energy level showed a sparing effect of protein; the higher protein level determined the highest fillet yield. Fish fed diets with 24% DP showed the highest liver lipid, and independently of treatment all analyzed fish showed hepatocyte degeneration. The best benefit cost ratio for whole fish production was achieved with 28% DP/13.4 MJ DE kg −1 , and for fillet production with 30% DP/13.4 MJ DE kg −1. The results of the hematological assay showed alterations in red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, albumin, Albumin:Globulin ratio, and glucose after size-sorting stress. Overall, these results indicate a lower resistance to stress, mainly for fish fed with no choline and oil supplementation. In this study we determined that the best performance was achieved with DP:DE ratios of 21.45 g MJ −1 (28.74% DP/13.4 MJ DE kg −1) and 18.60 g MJ −1 (27.25% DP/14.65 MJ DE kg −1). The highest fillet yield was obtained with 30% DP, regardless of the dietary energetic level. Sustained homeostasis was observed in this setting, and even though size-sorting stress altered some hematological parameters, they were still within the range recognized as healthy. Choline was not effective in protecting the liver against hepatic steatosis, but was able to buffer some of the negative effects of stress under these rearing conditions. Statement of Relevance: This research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of our Institution. Our team has been working with nutrition and fish health since 2000. According to the NRC (2011), only a few studies have been conducted to estimate the dietary nutrient requirements of farmed fish under intensive culture conditions. Moreover, a number of factors may affect the dietary and nutritional requirements of fish differentially in the laboratory and under intensive culture. For example, climatic conditions may fluctuate widely in the field, directly affecting physiological responses, hence nutritional requirements. Similarly, fish densities are much higher under intensive farming. Establishing the appropriate nutritional requirements in these settings must also consider the trade-off between growth performance and production costs. Based on this, we investigated the effect of different levels of digestible protein and digestible energy on growth performance and hematological responses of the Nile tilapia in a commercial fish farm in Brazil, where fish farmers are known to use diets with excessive levels of crude protein throughout fish culture and hepatic steatosis is often reported. Therefore, we also investigated the potential hepatic protective effect of choline against such conditions. Finally, we analyzed the health status, as measured by hematological parameters, of fish subjected to handling-induced stress procedures that are usual on fish farms.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary β-glucan and Vitamin C in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., Subjected to Cold-induced Stress or Bacterial Challenge
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2015
To determine the dietary β‐glucan and vitamin C levels that would enable the fish to cope with di... more To determine the dietary β‐glucan and vitamin C levels that would enable the fish to cope with different stress, 252 tilapia (16.86 ± 0.24 g) were distributed in thirty six 250‐L aquaria and fed experimental diets for 60 d. Diets were supplemented with β‐glucan (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%) and vitamin C (400 and 600 mg/kg diet) and distributed in a factorial design that included a control diet (0 β‐glucan/125 mg vitamin C/kg). After growth performance analyses, a group of 108 fish were subjected to cold‐induced stress and another to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Hematological and immunological parameters were determined before and after the stress. Growth performance was not affected. Red blood cells, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, total plasma protein, albumin : globulin ratio and leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes were affected (P < 0.05) by stress and/or diets. The control diet resulted in higher post‐infection cortisol (P < 0.05). Liver vitamin C was directly proportional to dietary vitamin C (P < 0.05). The production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide was also affected by diets and/or bacterial challenge (P < 0.05). In total, 0.1–0.2% β‐glucan and 600 mg/kg vitamin C increased fish resistance to stress and 0.8% β‐glucan resulted in reduced immune responses regardless of the vitamin C supplementation level.
Avaliaram-se as respostas econômicas da produção de tilápia-do-nilo na fase de terminação (450 a ... more Avaliaram-se as respostas econômicas da produção de tilápia-do-nilo na fase de terminação (450 a 800 g), alimentadas com dietas contendo cinco níveis de proteína digestível (PD): 20, 23, 26, 29 e 32% e dois de energia digestível (ED): 3.000 e 3.300 kcal kg-1 de dieta, com base na venda de animais inteiros ou filés. A pesquisa foi conduzida em 50 tanques-rede (1 m 3), em área aquícola localizada no rio Paranapanema, Palmital-SP, Brasil, de 21 de novembro de 2010 à 21 de janeiro de 2011. Os indicadores de desempenho econômico calculados foram: receita bruta, custo de produção parcial, receita líquida, ponto de nivelamento, ponto de equilíbrio, relação benefício custo e custo da ração kg-1. A dieta contendo 29% de PD e 3.000 kcal de ED kg-1 proporcionou melhor desempenho econômico para venda de peixes inteiros, ou seja, maior receita líquida (R$ 23,09 tanque-rede-1) e relação benefício custo (1,08), além do menor ponto de equilíbrio (R$ 3,91 kg-1). A dieta com 32% de PD e 3.000 kcal de ED kg-1 possibilitou para a venda de filés o menor custo da ração kg-1 (R$ 2,53), menor ponto de nivelamento (17,35 kg tanque-rede-1) e de equilíbrio (R$ 13,63 kg-1), além da mais alta relação benefício custo (1,54). A dieta contendo 29% e a dieta contendo 32% de proteína digestível, ambas com 3.000 kcal de energia digestível kg-1 proporcionam melhores respostas econômicas de tilápias-do-nilo recriadas em tanques-rede (450 a 800 g), ao serem vendidas, respectivamente, inteiras e na forma de filés. Palavras-chave: custo de produção; nutrição de peixes; Oreochromis niloticus; receita bruta; relação benefício custo
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2012
Avaliaram-se farinhas de sangue obtidas pelos métodos de processamento em tambor, convencional e ... more Avaliaram-se farinhas de sangue obtidas pelos métodos de processamento em tambor, convencional e atomização. As farinhas foram submetidas ao processo de extração e fracionamento da proteína para determinação do perfil do tamanho molecular, que foi comparado ao do sangue bovino in natura. Nas amostras, submetidas ou não ao processo de desengorduramento, foram realizadas análises da digestibilidade in vitro da proteína. Para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes in vivo, foram confeccionadas quatros rações, sendo uma sem farinha de sangue, denominada ração-referência purificada. Para essa etapa, juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo com peso médio inicial de 100,0±5,0 g foram estocados em aquários de 250 L, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e dez peixes/unidade experimental. As rações-teste foram obtidas com a introdução de 30% das farinhas de sangue em estudo. O processamento afetou a estrutura proteica original do sangue in natura em condiç...
Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 2010
Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo da tilápia do Nilo (Or... more Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentada com níveis de colina na dieta pelo período de 109 dias. Foram utilizados 192 alevinos com 4,0 ± 0,15 g de peso médio, distribuídos em 32 tanques-rede de 200 L, na densidade de seis peixes por tanque-rede, dispostos em aquários de 1.000 L. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. As rações foram suplementadas com 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1.000 e 1.200 mg de colina kg-1 de ração. Não foram observadas diferenças para ganho de peso, taxa de sobrevivência, conversão alimentar aparente, porcentagem de extrato etéreo do filé e do fígado, índice hepatossomático e concentração de lipídeos no plasma. Concluiuse que os diferentes níveis de colina não melhoraram o desempenho produtivo dos peixes nestas condições, pois a dieta basal supostamente supriu a exigência do peixe para colina. Palavra-chave: cloreto de colina, nutrição de peixes, Oreochromis niloticus, vitamina. ABSTRACT. Growth performance of Nile tilapia fed graded choline levels in the diet. A 109-day feeding trial was undertaken aiming to evaluate the growth performance of Nile tilapia fed graded choline levels. One hundred and ninety-two (initial weight 4.0 ± 0.15 g) fingerlings were distributed into 32 net cages (200 L each), four cages per treatment and six fish per cage, placed in eight 1000L aquaria in a closed recirculation system. The treatments were assigned to the tanks comprising eight treatments and four replications arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. Diets were supplemented with choline chloride to provide 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 mg of choline per kg of feed and an unsupplemented diet. No significant differences were observed in growth performance, survival, apparent feed conversion, liver and fillet ether extract, hepatosomatic index and plasma lipid concentration, among treatments. Choline levels did not improve growth performance, possibly because the amount of choline in the diet had already met fish requirement.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2011
Objetivou-se avaliar a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae como pronutriente em dietas para matrize... more Objetivou-se avaliar a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae como pronutriente em dietas para matrizes e alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo. O experimento foi realizado em duas etapas na UNESP. Dois grupos de fêmeas reprodutoras de tilápia (734,47 ± 202,08 g), variedade GIFT, foram arraçoados por 100 dias com rações isoproteicas (34% PD) e isoenergéticas (3.400 kcal ED/kg), uma contendo 2% de levedura íntegra e outra sem levedura. As fêmeas foram fecundadas naturalmente e as larvas, ao final da absorção do saco vitelino, foram alocadas em aquários de 3,5 L e alimentadas por 30 dias com três rações isoproteicas (35% PD) e isoenergéticas (3.280 kcal ED/kg): sem levedura; contendo 1% de levedura íntegra; ou contendo 1% de levedura autolisada. Após o abate, foram calculadas as seguintes variáveis de desempenho produtivo: biomassa final; ganho de peso; consumo de ração; conversão alimentar aparente; peso final; comprimento total; fator de condição corporal; altura média; e sobrevivência. Foram anal...
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2014
This study attempts to describe the effects of different administration periods of dietary b-gluc... more This study attempts to describe the effects of different administration periods of dietary b-glucan and Vit C on the non-specific immune response, physiological parameters and disease resistance of Nile tilapia against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Therefore, a feeding trial (288 fish) was conducted to determine the best administration period (7, 15, 30 and 45 days) for a Nile tilapia diet supplemented with 0.1% bglucan and 600 mg Vit C/kg diet. After the administration period, three different groups of 96 fish were exposed to one of the following three stresses: cold-induced stress, transport-induced stress, and A. hydrophila challenge. Hematological, biochemical and immunological responses were analyzed before and/or after stress. Cold-induced stress increased cortisol levels and reduced the leukocyte count in fish fed the test diet for seven days compared with the other periods. After transport-induced stress, fish fed the test diet for seven days required more hours to return to the baseline levels of cortisol and neutrophils. Moreover, independently of the administration period, fish needed 24 h for leukocyte and glucose levels to return to the initial values. The lowest survival after bacterial infection was observed in fish test diet for seven days. Based on fish hematological and biochemical responses, diet supplemented with 0.1% of b-glucan and 600 mg of Vit C/kg fed for at least 15 days is recommended for Nile tilapia especially when fish are likely to encounter transport-induced stress, and this stress was more severe than cold-induced stress or bacterial challenge.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2010
Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta hemática de tilápias-do-nilo (Or... more Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta hemática de tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) arraçoadas com dietas suplementadas com colina e submetidas a estímulo por baixa temperatura. O período experimental foi realizado em duas etapas: a primeira, de 109 dias, e a segunda, de 7 dias. Durante a primeira etapa, foram utilizados 192 alevinos com peso médio inicial de 4 g, distribuídos em 32 tanques-rede de 200 L instalados em aquários de mil litros. As rações foram formuladas de modo a apresentar 28,0% de proteína digestível e 3.100,0 kcal ED/kg e mesma concentração de aminoácidos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. As rações foram suplementadas com colina (cloreto de colina 60,0%), de modo a apresentar 100,0; 200,0; 400,0; 600,0; 800,0; 1.000,0 e 1.200,0 mg/kg de ração, e avaliadas em comparação a uma ração sem suplementação. Após o período de 109 dias, foram efetuadas as análises hematológica...
The effects of dietary nucleotide mixture on growth performance, haematological and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia
Aquaculture Research, 2013
Aquaculture Research, 2011
This research was designed to investigate the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency ... more This research was designed to investigate the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. fed different types of diets formulated from varieties of feed ingredients. For this purpose, six experimental diets were prepared. All the six experimental diets had soybean, bone meal and groundnut as basal feed ingredients which accounted as 60% of the total amount of ingredients. The rest 40% of each diet was 1Maiz:1Sorghumfor control diet or diet "A", coffee husk/pulp for diet "B", wheat bran for diet "C", beer sludge for diet "D", potato scrap for diet "E" and 2JCKM:1Wheat:1Rice for diet "F". After diet preparation, one hundred eighty fish having an average body weight of 3.27 g were randomly distributed into 18 aquaria (80 cm×30 cm×35 cm) in triplicates. During the experiment, the fish were fed three times a day at the rate of 10% of their body weight for 10 weeks. The results revealed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) on the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of the fish that fed different types of experimental diets. The highest growth performance in terms of final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate, and feed utilization efficiency were observed on the fish fed diet "A" followed by the fish fed diet "F", while the fish fed diet "B" had the lowest. The lower growth performance and feed utilization efficiency observed on the fish fed diet "B" might be due to high dietary fiber levels together with the presence of relatively higher anti-nutritional factors in coffee husk/pulp diet. However, all the fish had similar survival rate. As conclusion, except diet "B" all the tested diets are potential fish feed. However, further study should be done to evaluate the potential of those diets at later stage of the fish in different culture systems.
Desempenho Produtivo Da Tilápia-Do-Nilo Arraçoada Com Dieta Contendo Farelo De Nabo Forrageiro
... Vivian Gomes dos SANTOS 1; Ademir Calvo FERNANDES JUNIOR 1; João Fernando Albers KOCH 1; Marg... more ... Vivian Gomes dos SANTOS 1; Ademir Calvo FERNANDES JUNIOR 1; João Fernando Albers KOCH 1; Margarida Maria BARROS 2; Igo Gomes GUIMARÃES ... 1), alcalinidade (13 mg L-1) e NH3 (147 µg L-1), considerados adequados para a espécie (SIPAÚBA-TAVARES, 1994 ...
Composição química e digestibilidade do farelo de nabo forrageiro para tilápia do Nilo
This study was conduced at the FMVZ – Unesp - Botucatu, to determine the Chemical composition and... more This study was conduced at the FMVZ – Unesp - Botucatu, to determine the Chemical composition and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), raw energy (RE), amino acids (AA) and phosphorus availability. The fish were fed with a purified feed (base diet) and a 60% base diet plus 40% of fodder radish meal feed. Radish meal presented 91.28% DM, 42,07% CP, 4256 kcal/kg RE, 3.47% Ether extract, 7.37% crude fiber, 1.25% calcium and 1.0% phosphorus. The ADC values were DM: 55.92%, CP: 82.10%, RE: 75.26% and phosphorus: 85.23%. The ADC value for AA was 81.12% for glycine and 95.11% for glutamic acid. The results presented a potential utility for radish meal as an alternative protein source in Nile tilapia feeds.
Uploads
Papers by Ademir Fernandes