Papers by Úi Him Khu
台語與華語之間涵蓋構詞 、語法等差異規則 ，對華語母語者而言是學 習台語的 一大障礙 。由於台語語法未完善保存，年輕的華語母語者經常使 用夾雜華語語法的"中式台語" ，因此將台華語差異規則應用在... more 台語與華語之間涵蓋構詞 、語法等差異規則 ，對華語母語者而言是學 習台語的 一大障礙 。由於台語語法未完善保存，年輕的華語母語者經常使 用夾雜華語語法的"中式台語" ，因此將台華語差異規則應用在台語教學， 使年輕的華語母語者能正確使用台語就是促進台灣語言教學應用的重要 貢獻 。我們結合台語與資訊科技研發台語和華語差異教學網站 ，將台語華 語 差 異 規 則 以 淺 顯 易 懂 、 系 統 化 的 方 式 展 現 ，讓 年 輕 的 華 語 母 語 者 更 有 意願去認識台語。 台語華語差異規則主要以構詞、語法等差異為主，至少22 種以上的形式 ，如 比 較 句 語 序 轉 換 、 賓 語 強 迫 提 前 、 台 語 特 有 的 hoo字 句 、k a 字 句 、量 詞 前 的 數 字 省 略 等 。 我 們 從 新 聞 網 、 台 灣 白 話 字 文 獻 、 " 逐 工 一幅 天 文 圖 " 網 站 等 資 源 收 集 語 句 ，從 中 整 理 出 上 列 的 差 異 規 則 。 每 條 差 異 規 則 都 提 供 詳 細 範 例 ，解 釋 差 異 類 別 、原 因 、例 句 應 用 等 ，避 免 年 輕 的 華 語 母 語 者 繼續產出"中式台語" 。未來我們也預計在華語轉台語翻譯學習網站上結合台 語語音辦識以及台語語音合成 ，使用者輸入台語語音可即時輸出對應中文 ， 或 輸 入 中 文 語 句 ，可 即 時 播 出 對 應 台 羅 文 字 和 台 語 音 檔 ， 教 導 民 眾 正 確的台語讀音 。
透過這項研究 ，可將目前已知且常見的台語單詞正確讀音、台語華語 差 異 規 則 完 整 保 存 ，作 為 教 學 應 用 的 有 利 工 具 ，使 伴 隨 台 灣 五 百 年 歷 史 的台語 文化不至沒入時間的沙塵中。
The oppression of mother tongues in Taiwan had always been accompanied by her colonial experience... more The oppression of mother tongues in Taiwan had always been accompanied by her colonial experiences since the Japanese era, and extended over the last fifty years of the 20th century, when Kuomintang imposed martial law in Taiwan. During this lengthy period, political and economic structures detrimental to mother tongues were constructed and the use of mother tongues in Taiwan was pushed from public areas to private domains. The revitalization of the mother tongues of different ethnic groups was one of the most important social movements after 1987 and is related to how the Taiwanese people reconstructed their cultural boundaries and self-identities. Many people tried hard to revive mother tongues, and they accomplished some positive outcomes in the past 20 years. However, the achievements have been very limited and people who can speak mother tongues fluently are still declining in number. In this article, definitions of mother tongues and alien languages are given. Important histor...
Development, 2001
Photoreceptor and cone cells in the Drosophila eye are recruited following activation of the epid... more Photoreceptor and cone cells in the Drosophila eye are recruited following activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. We have identified echinoid (ed) as a novel putative cell adhesion molecule that negatively regulates EGFR signaling. The ed mutant phenotype is associated with extra photoreceptor and cone cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of ed in the eye leads to a reduction in the number of photoreceptor cells. ed expression is independent of EGFR signaling and ED is localized to the plasma membrane of every cells throughout the eye disc. We present evidence that ed acts nonautonomously to generate extra R7 cells by a mechanism that is sina-independent but upstream of Tramtrack (TTK88). Together, our results support a model whereby ED defines an independent pathway that antagonizes EGFR signaling by regulating the activity, but not the level, of the TTK88 transcriptional repressor.
Development, 2003
echinoid (ed) encodes an immunoglobulin domain-containing cell adhesion molecule that negatively ... more echinoid (ed) encodes an immunoglobulin domain-containing cell adhesion molecule that negatively regulates the Egfr signaling pathway during Drosophila photoreceptor development. We show a novel function of Ed, i.e. the restriction of the number of notum bristles that arise from a proneural cluster. Thus, loss-of-function conditions for ed give rise to the development of extra macrochaetae near the extant ones and increase the density of microchaetae. Analysis of ed mosaics indicates that extra sensory organ precursors (SOPs) arise from proneural clusters of achaete-scute expression in a cell-autonomous way. edembryos also exhibit a neurogenic phenotype. These phenotypes suggest a functional relation between ed and the Notch (N) pathway. Indeed,loss-of-function of ed reduces the expression of the N pathway effector E(spl)m8 in proneural clusters. Moreover, combinations of moderate loss-of-function conditions for ed and for different components of the N pathway show clear synergistic...
Development, 2003
echinoid (ed) encodes an cell-adhesion molecule (CAM)that contains immunoglobulin domains and reg... more echinoid (ed) encodes an cell-adhesion molecule (CAM)that contains immunoglobulin domains and regulates the EGFR signaling pathway during Drosophila eye development. Based on our previous genetic mosaic and epistatic analysis, we proposed that Ed, via homotypic interactions, activates a novel, as yet unknown pathway that antagonizes EGFR signaling. In this report, we demonstrate that Ed functions as a homophilic adhesion molecule and also engages in a heterophilic trans-interaction with Drosophila Neuroglian (Nrg), an L1-type CAM. Co-expression of ed and nrg in the eye exhibits a strong genetic synergy in inhibiting EGFR signaling. This synergistic effect requires the intracellular domain of Ed, but not that of Nrg. In addition, Ed and Nrg colocalize in the Drosophila eye and are efficiently co-immunoprecipitated. Together,our results suggest a model in which Nrg acts as a heterophilic ligand and activator of Ed, which in turn antagonizes EGFR signaling.
台灣學誌 , 2021
1930 年代的台灣話文論戰是最近一百年內，台灣知識分子之間首次為了台語寫作進 行爭辯。《南音》雜誌是這場論戰的戰場之一，雖然壽命很短，不過郭秋生在其中創設了 〈臺灣話文嘗試欄〉，並發表他對如何... more 1930 年代的台灣話文論戰是最近一百年內，台灣知識分子之間首次為了台語寫作進 行爭辯。《南音》雜誌是這場論戰的戰場之一，雖然壽命很短，不過郭秋生在其中創設了 〈臺灣話文嘗試欄〉，並發表他對如何用漢字來書寫台灣話文的完整理論，更進一步地， 他用實際創作來證明如此的主張是可以實踐的。〈大耳的入港〉便是他於《南音》中的第 一篇漢字台語小說創作。目前台語教科書編寫都是採用漢字為主，也以台語漢字教學做 為台語讀寫的目標;但當前台語漢字的選用與郭秋生主張的台語漢字用字原則並無明顯 差異。使用漢字做媒介是否為台語教育的好方法便是這篇論文的提問以及回應。這篇論 文除了簡單介紹《南音》雜誌，也採用文本分析的方式分析郭秋生的台語漢字使用原則， 以及小說〈大耳的入港〉的內容與郭氏漢字用字原則的實踐。透過以上分析，了解郭氏 在台語漢字書寫所遇到的困難。接著本文將郭秋生的用字原則和現代台語漢字選用標準 做了比較。經由比較，指出用台語漢字做媒介不是台語基礎教育的好方法。結論指出， 目前的台語教育應該用羅馬字做教材主體，使學生有台語音韻覺識的良好基礎之後，再 來引導學生認識台語漢字書寫。
The TORNADO2 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana affectscellular decisions in the shoot apical meristem
Plant Molecular Biology, 2007
An EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) mutagenesis effector screen performed with the STM:GUS marker lin... more An EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) mutagenesis effector screen performed with the STM:GUS marker line in Arabidopsis thaliana identified a loss-of-function allele of the TORNADO2 gene. The histological and genetic analyses described here implicate TRN2 in SAM function, where the peripheral zone in trn2 mutants is enlarged relative to the central stem cell zone. The trn2 mutant allele partially rescues the phenotype of shoot meristemless mutants but behaves additively to wuschel and clavata3 alleles during the vegetative phase and in the outer floral whorls. The development of carpels in trn2 wus-1 double mutant flowers indicates that pluripotent cells persist in floral meristems in the absence of TRN2 function and can be recruited for carpel anlagen. The data implicate a membrane-bound plant tetraspanin protein in cellular decisions in the peripheral zone of the SAM.
in proneural clusters. Moreover, combinations of moderate loss-of-function conditions for ed and ... more in proneural clusters. Moreover, combinations of moderate loss-of-function conditions for ed and for different components of the N pathway show clear synergistic interactions manifested as strong neurogenic bristle phenotypes. We conclude that Ed is not essential for, but it facilitates, N signaling. It is known that the N and Egfr pathways act antagonistically in bristle development. Consistently, we find that Ed also antagonizes the bristlepromoting activity of the Egfr pathway, either by the enhancement of N signalling or, similar to the eye, by a more direct action on the Egfr pathway.
Journal of Taiwanese Vernacular, 2013
The colonial experiences in Taiwan were not restricted to the Japanese rule, but also extended ov... more The colonial experiences in Taiwan were not restricted to the Japanese rule, but also extended over the last fifty years of the 20th century, when Kuomintang imposed martial law in Taiwan. During such a long time, detrimentally political and economic structures were constructed and reconstructed and the use of mother tongues in Taiwan was pressed from public areas to private domains. Taiwan was lifting of martial law in 1987 and varied social movements were carried out after that time. Revitalization of mother tongues of different ethnic groups was one of the most important social movements and entailed how Taiwan people reconstructed their cultural boundaries and self-identities. Many people were trying hard in educations to revive mother tongues and some positive outcomes were accomplished in the past 20 years. However, the achievements were very limited and people who can speak fluent mother tongues are still declining in number. Here, I start to give definitions of mother tongues and alien languages, which were introduced by the Japanese and Kuomintang governments. Important historical events, most were about language policies that are prejudicial to the use of mother tongues, are then reviewed. Further, an ecological model is introduced to clarify the relationships between mother tongues and alien languages. This model assumes that both kinds of languages have the same niche and vie for the same resource in the social environment and intelligibly reveal the difficulties of mother tongue revitalization. Based on this model, some examples of new social movements are given. These social movements are performed in alternative ways, which try to be less confrontational and more appealing. Future tactics and actions are recommended in the final part of the article.
臺江臺文, 2015
臺語文學 15 10 11 棋恬恬仔看就好-世俗書寫 臺南做十六歲傳說 ê 詮釋 邱偉欣 一，踏話頭 臺文作家藍淑貞有寫一首詩〈做十六歲〉： 自細漢 歹育飼 阿母仔講 七娘媽 上慈悲 共阮契予伊... more 臺語文學 15 10 11 棋恬恬仔看就好-世俗書寫 臺南做十六歲傳說 ê 詮釋 邱偉欣 一，踏話頭 臺文作家藍淑貞有寫一首詩〈做十六歲〉： 自細漢 歹育飼 阿母仔講 七娘媽 上慈悲 共阮契予伊做囝兒 一年一年大 一冬一冬過 阮也已經十六歲 生做聰明面肉白 阿母講 愛去感謝 七娘媽的栽培 米糕油飯 圓仔花 甜芋 胭脂水粉攏齊齊(tsiâu-tsê) 起一間足媠的七娘媽亭欲予坐 阿母拜了閣再拜 叫阮著雙跤跪予齊 淪過七娘媽亭佮桌下 阿母滿心歡喜 輕聲講阮會使嫁 見笑滿面皮 阮想欲愛天頂的月 拜託契母共阮揣 Tsit 首詩 ê 內容肉血是 uì 臺南府城 ê「做十六歲」
Conference Presentations by Úi Him Khu
這个研究是採用相依語法(dependency grammar)ê 理論框來對台語語料進行分析;欲探討 ê 問題 是台語動詞「ū(有)」ê 結合力款式;結合力款式是一个詞彙佇句中欲滿足語義所需要而... more 這个研究是採用相依語法(dependency grammar)ê 理論框來對台語語料進行分析;欲探討 ê 問題 是台語動詞「ū(有)」ê 結合力款式;結合力款式是一个詞彙佇句中欲滿足語義所需要而且袂當 無 ê 相依成份。Chia 所採用 ê 研究方法是語料分析(corpus analysis);分析 ê 對象是家己用 1945- 1969 ê 台語白話字書面文本建構 ê 微形語料庫。語料分析 ê 方法是利用電腦工具來進行，所以會使 一擺扭掠數量較大 ê 語料。過去有袂少論文採用詞組做基礎 ê 理論來分析台語 ê 高頻詞「ū (有)」，對伊 ê 語法、語義佮功能 lóng 已經有基本 ê 理解。這个研究支持前人 ê 看法，認為「存 在」是「ū(有)」ê 基本語義。掠外，這个研究發現，「ū(有)」有十一種結合力款式，𪜶會使 簡單分做兩群:有主語補添佮無主語補添參與--ê;無仝結合力款式佇語料內底呈現 ê 使用比率無 仝，主語是「ū(有)」結合力 ê 操作子，伊是毋是有參與佇結合力款式內底，受語義決定;這个 研究 koh 發現，參與佇「ū(有)」結合力款式內底 ê 詞彙，有時是長距離 ê 相依關係。Lán ùi 無 仝款 ê 理論角度分析帶「ū(有)」ê 台語句，斟酌著前人無發現 ê 鋩角，mā 提出對台語語法分析 ê 全新理路;佇論文 ê 最後，lán koh 建議 kā 結合力款式 ê 分析結果應用佇台語教學頂懸 ê 法度。
識字能力與正確的閱讀理解息息相關，而識字量的推估標準化更與教材教法、教 學目標以及學習成就表現等各個教育環節緊緊相扣。本研究目的是開發國內第一套台 語識字測驗。國內、外識字測驗相關研究，有早期的... more 識字能力與正確的閱讀理解息息相關，而識字量的推估標準化更與教材教法、教 學目標以及學習成就表現等各個教育環節緊緊相扣。本研究目的是開發國內第一套台 語識字測驗。國內、外識字測驗相關研究，有早期的拼讀測驗如 SGWRT、Burt Vernon;拼寫測驗如 SAST;拼讀的流暢性測驗如 TOWRE 以及以大型語料庫為根基的 閱讀理解式識字測驗如 BNC 等類型。本研究採字音和造詞兩項作業作為識字能力判斷 的依據。本研究採用的字詞來源為整合真平、康軒、翰林等不同版本的國小台語教材 課文內所有用字，並採用教育部尚未公開的計畫案(程俊源 2016)但具有一定質量和 詞頻資料的台語詞頻資料。在測驗的架構上參考洪儷瑜等人(2008)的詞頻分層抽樣 方式編製 1~9 年級的台語識字測驗;在識字量推估的方法上以統計分析的方式計算。第 一次預試以台南市四間小學以及三間國中為樣本，研究參與者為國小男生 222 人、女 生 193 人;國中男生 55 人、女生 52 人，總共為 522 位學童;並以電腦呈現試題，測驗 學生字音以及造詞。該預試結果顯示，台語羅馬字字音測驗的 Cronbach’s α 值介 於.658~.833 之間，台語詞頻字詞測驗的字音測驗 α 值介於.859~.936 之間;造詞測驗 α 值介於.902~.951 之間;顯示試題皆具不錯的內部一致性信度。建構效度的考驗也顯示 出國小各年級之間的顯著差異，而國中台語識字能力大致與國小中年級能力相近。識 字量推估結果顯示，台語識字量的天花板為國小六年級的 1012.5~1208.4 字。根據本次 識字測驗結果，我們建議台語教育應延長時數及教育年限，並選擇適當教材。
台灣在1920年代發生了新舊文學論戰，一般認為這是台灣白話、新文學誕生的一 場知識份子間的關鍵論爭。到了1920年代後期，1930年代，更延伸為台灣話文論戰。 然而，無論知識份子之間的爭論為何，... more 台灣在1920年代發生了新舊文學論戰，一般認為這是台灣白話、新文學誕生的一 場知識份子間的關鍵論爭。到了1920年代後期，1930年代，更延伸為台灣話文論戰。 然而，無論知識份子之間的爭論為何，承載其書寫的符號始終是漢字。但是早在這之 前，不使用漢字做為書寫符號，且非關知識份子的白話字論述，早已經發出口語、白 話的、對抗漢字知識界的，智識傳播的聲響。白話字的使用者多數都是基督長老教會 的成員，與傳統漢字知識界有明顯的區隔。我們可以在戰前的教會公報中看到為數不 多但卻直接挑戰漢字作為知識載體的論述。雖然這是一場近乎自白式的表演;然而台 灣新文學論戰發生之後的賴和，鄭坤五，郭秋生等人對於新文學在書寫符號上的見解， 卻無一不是在呼應白話字的先聲。本文將簡短回顧白話字前期的發展歷史，並重新剖 析戰前教會公報中對於白話字與漢字的優劣論述，以及對照後來的知識份子如何與之 相互輝映。本文將指出，白話字先於漢字白話文學的論述，在台灣文學的發展中應有 不可忽視的重要地位。
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Papers by Úi Him Khu
透過這項研究 ，可將目前已知且常見的台語單詞正確讀音、台語華語 差 異 規 則 完 整 保 存 ，作 為 教 學 應 用 的 有 利 工 具 ，使 伴 隨 台 灣 五 百 年 歷 史 的台語 文化不至沒入時間的沙塵中。
Conference Presentations by Úi Him Khu
Drafts by Úi Him Khu