Urban & Regional Planning

This paper discusses the existing toilet system (Hopper toilet) of trains in Bangladesh. It analyzes the negative impact of Hopper toilet on environment and proposes better alternatives. Toilets are important part of long route trains journey. In Bangladesh, trains use Drop Chute toilets or Hopper toilets. It is also used in India, but they've started to implement alternative toilets due to its harmfulness. These type of toilets discharges human waste directly on the rail tracks. Discharged untreated human wastes pollute nearby environment and waterbody. Hopper toilet is getting replaced with improved toilet system (such as Multrum toilet, Chemical toilet, toilet with storage, Bio toilet etc.) in many countries. Study was conducted on Chitra train (Khulna to Jessore route). The existing toilet system, discharge rate and impacts was surveyed under this study. The proposed alternative is based on chemical retention tank, which can be easily implemented in trains with Hopper toilet.

This paper tries to assess the demand and supply situation of parking facilities of three wheeler vehicles in Fulbari gate and Daulatpur and propose recommendations to mitigate this deficiency of parking facility. Three wheeler vehicles are getting popular all over country. Vehicles like Easy bike, Atul/Mahindra, Scooter are main mode of public transportation in Khulna (Lubna & Aman, 2015). They carry passenger and move in Khulna-Jessor Highway. There are a number of stopping point but no planned parking facility for these vehicles. As a result they park over main road and create serious traffic congestion. According to BRTA and RHD, lack of parking facilities and management are the primary causes of road accidents, traffic collisions, traffic jam and other problems. And this scenario is common all over our country and in South-Asian countries. However, lack of parking facility has received little attention, and proper steps has not been taken to provide parking facility. To solve parking facility problem, determination of Demand and Supply of Parking facility is vitally important. To determine parking demand and supply scenario of Khulna, study is conducted in Fulbari gate and Daulatpur (two busiest three wheeler stop). Supply study is done by physical survey. Demand study is done by physical and questionnaire survey. Parking accumulation curve, parking volume was determined from the survey data. From supply and demand gap, the current facility need was identified. Proper facility was planned and illustrated keeping in mind of the available space, flow of vehicle and parking policies.

The assessment of freight transport system in Khulna city is divided into 3 classes: The first one is Road freight transport system, second one is Rail freight transport system and the third one is Inland freight transport system. Our study project is Rail freight transport system. Long distance freight transportation always plays crucial role in driving social and economic expansion by means of transporting and distributing goods to different regions in a country. Rail freight plays an important role in this sector. Road traffic congestion can usually be observed both in in-urban and inter-urban areas. However, such congestion is associated with higher transportation cost, more fuel consumption and environmental impacts, which are direct/indirect costs to logistics transportation service provider resulting in an increase in total cost of production. This present work aims to discuss current status and problems associated with the long distance rail freight transportation in Khulna city, and to suggest solution to achieve the improvement, which is the key link to the implementation of intermodal transportation policy. Different figures, tables, charts and maps are used in order to analysis the above features. The focus of this paper is, however, given onto opportunities of railway infrastructure redress as a main tool to realize this national policy.
Keywords:  Freight Transport System, Railway Freight Transport, Khulna Transport System.

The assessment of Operational features of Public Transportation System of Khulna-Jessore Highway has been divided into 3 classes: The first one is Physical Features Survey, second one is Traffic Survey and Analysis and the third one is Public Opinion Survey. Given Study Area is Natun Rasta to Baikali. In Physical Features Survey it has been tried to discuss the Roadside Landuse Pattern and its effect, impacts of landuse on travel behavior, landuse related problems and opportunities, Control Points and Cross Sections of the Study Area. In Traffic Survey and Analysis it is discussed about the congestion points (within 3 km), Volume Study, Diverging and Merging Study, Spot Speed Study, Running and Journey Speed Study, Delay Study  of Natun Rasta to Baikali. And in Public Opinion Survey, a questionnaire has been made for taking Public Opinion about the existing conditions of Road facilities and transportation Services of the Study Area. Different figures, tables, charts and maps are used in order to analysis the above features.

Chapter 45 Infrastructural development means development of road, bridge, culvert, growth center, cyclone center etc. Through infrastructural development poverty reduction, employment opportunity, increase income level, women empowerment, social development, better service facility condition can be enhanced. So infrastructural development is a great solution for the existing problems of the rural areas and an important key issue for overall development.

Dhaka is the one of the world's most air polluted cities. At present, traffic vehicles are the major contributor to its severe air pollution. Rapid population growth in the city has raised the total number of traffic vehicles. The vehicle population increases the emission of SOX, NOX, CO, Pb and Particulate Matters by the use of low quality fuel. The major contributors of the air pollution in Dhaka city are diesel based buses and trucks, private cars and taxis, and three wheeler vehicles. From July 1999, leaded gasoline is banned and from March 2002, two stroke auto rickshaws are withdrawn and CNG auto rickshaw is imposed in Dhaka city, which has reduced nearly 9% of traffic emissions. This study investigates the growth pattern of vehicles as well as the traffic emissions. This study also investigates the health problems related to traffic emissions. The study recommends a few strategies for vehicular emission control with the aim of improving existing air quality, which include improving fuel quality, encouraging the use of alternative fuels, implementation of better traffic management and strengthening research for a better understanding of the state of traffic management.

This paper tries to assess the demand and supply situation of parking facilities of three wheeler vehicles in Fulbari gate and Daulatpur and propose recommendations to mitigate this deficiency of parking facility. Three wheeler vehicles are getting popular all over country. Vehicles like Easy bike, Atul/Mahindra, Scooter are main mode of public transportation in Khulna (Lubna & Aman, 2015). They carry passenger and move in Khulna-Jessor Highway. There are a number of stopping point but no planned parking facility for these vehicles. As a result they park over main road and create serious traffic congestion. According to BRTA and RHD, lack of parking facilities and management are the primary causes of road accidents, traffic collisions, traffic jam and other problems. And this scenario is common all over our country and in South-Asian countries. However, lack of parking facility has received little attention, and proper steps has not been taken to provide parking facility. To solve parking facility problem, determination of Demand and Supply of Parking facility is vitally important. To determine parking demand and supply scenario of Khulna, study is conducted in Fulbari gate and Daulatpur (two busiest three wheeler stop). Supply study is done by physical survey. Demand study is done by physical and questionnaire survey. Parking accumulation curve, parking volume was determined from the survey data. From supply and demand gap, the current facility need was identified. Proper facility was planned and illustrated keeping in mind of the available space, flow of vehicle and parking policies.

Over 1.4 million people are residing in Khulna metropolitan city within 47 km 2. According to Khulna City Corporation (KCC), on an average of 475 tons of waste is generated per day, waste is removed two times a day, masonry collection point is nearly about 1200, there are another 150 larger collection points around the whole metropolitan area. Average compostable portion of the waste in KCC area is estimated as 78% while the non-compostable portion is 22%. The idea is to fit 78% compostable waste, which is about 370 tons/day. Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a noteworthy procedure where waste collection process plays a vivacious role in progressive metropolitan city like Khulna. Solid waste (SW) collection reflects the quality of life of that city or community. Around the city overall waste collection process is managed by Khulna City Corporation (KCC). This research contains computation of a possible amount of wastes generating in every neighborhood and plan and Software based monitoring of a collection process bringing all the neighborhood throughout whole Khalishpur area in an eco-friendly manner under SWM. Optimized routing for collector vehicles to provide services most of the part of city and dumping or reusing by further processing of these solid wastes. In this research, Geographic Information System (GIS) based time efficient and cost effective route had been executed from door to door daily waste disposals to larger dumping stations of all forms of waste collector vehicles throughout whole Khalishpur area in an eco-friendly manner. The software (GIS) was used to determine optimal routes for small collection groups and outlines the workflow and best practices for future analysis.