Mafalda Sampayo

ISCTE - University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL), Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Faculty Member

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Mafalda Gambutas Teixeira de Sampayo
Place of birth: Luanda
Date of birth: 1972/04/26
Nationality: Portuguese

Main scientific area of research: Urban History

Other scientific areas of interest: Urban Design, Architecture

Academic degrees, fields of study, awarding institutions, dates in reverse chronological order:

2012 - Ph.D. (Urban History) Instituto Superior das Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisbon: “The Urban Form in the Aftermath of Lisbon's downtown 1755 earthquake destruction: analysis of the 1756-1786 cartography"

2002 - MSc (Urban Design) Instituto Superior das Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisbon: “An Urban Model of Muslim Tradition in Portuguese Cities”

1997 - Dipl. Arch. (Architecture) Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa

Current position, institution, starting date:

Professor of Architecture and Urbanism, Instituto Superior das Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisbon, since May, 2012

Previous positions, institutions, dates in reverse chronological order:

2002 - Assistant Professor of Architecture and Urbanism, Instituto Superior das Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisbon, since October, 2002

2001 - Guest Assistant Professor of Architecture and Urbanism, Instituto Superior das Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisbon
Supervisors: Prof. Dr.ª Teresa Marat-Mendes
Phone: 217903060
Address: Institucional address ISCTE - Arquitectura e Urbanismo Av. Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa

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2 Thesis
44 Papers
5 Books
3 Conference Proceeding
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Thesis by Mafalda Sampayo

Forma urbana da parte baixa da Lisboa destruída : análise e avaliação da cartografia (1756-1786). | Ph.D. in Architecture and Urbanism on the topic of “The Urban Form in the Aftermath of Lisbon's downtown 1755 earthquake destruction: analysis of the 1756-1786 cartography"

Esta investigação analisa e avalia a estrutura morfológica do tecido urbano de Lisboa, presente n... more Esta investigação analisa e avalia a estrutura morfológica do tecido urbano de Lisboa, presente nos planos de reconstrução da parte baixa da cidade destruída, como consequência do terramoto de 1 de Novembro de 1755. Para tal, procede-se a uma leitura de fontes primárias e de cartografia da segunda metade do século XVIII. O método de análise proposto baseia-se na pesquisa em arquivos e no tratamento de toda a informação, através da catalogação das principais cartas estudadas e da sua interpretação, com recurso a desenho computorizado e normalização das várias escalas. Este trabalho revela que, contrariamente ao que é afirmado por diversos autores, nem todas as cartas foram desenhadas considerando o palmo com o valor métrico de 22 cm. Há ainda a registar a descoberta de várias versões de planos, as quais também são analisadas e comparadas. Toda a análise incide numa interpretação da cidade através do estudo do seu espaço público e dos elementos que o compõem (espaços de circulação e áreas de permanência), sistematizando-se o processo de análise da forma urbana sobre a cartografia antiga. Desta forma, a pesquisa centra-se na avaliação comparativa do espaço público, nos vários planos propostos para a reconstrução de Lisboa, recorrendo à quantificação dos elementos que o constituem. Este trabalho mostra que as propostas de espaço público dos novos planos reequacionam situações anteriores de morfologia urbana e confirmam a perenidade dos espaços públicos. Muitos dos espaços de permanência analisados (praças, largos ou adros) retomam, da situação anterior ao terramoto, o seu local de implantação original, a sua forma e ainda a sua área. Confirma-se assim que, no estudo do desenho da cidade, existem elementos urbanos mais persistentes ao longo do tempo, os quais constituem, no fundo, a estrutura da malha urbana. Abstract: This research analyses and evaluates the morphological structure of the urban fabric of Lisbon, present in the reconstruction plans of the lower downtown of the destroyed city in the aftermath of the earthquake of November 1 st , 1755. To this effect, we make a reading of primary sources and cartography from the second half of the XVIII century. The proposed methodology is based on the research in archives and on the treatment of data, through the cataloguing of the main maps, and their interpretation with the help of computer aided design and scale normalisation. This work reveals that, on the contrary to what is affirmed by several authors, not all of the maps where designed using the same unit of measure: the "palmo" with 22 cm. Furthermore, we discovered the existence of several different versions of the reconstruction plans, which are analysed and compared.

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O modelo urbanístico de tradição muçulmana nas cidades portuguesas, séc. VIII-XIII | MSc in Urban Design on the topic of "An Urban Model of Muslim Tradition in Portuguese Cities"

Location: ISCTE-IUL, Lisboa More Info: Tese de Mestrado em Desenho Urbano Date: 2002

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Papers by Mafalda Sampayo

The Plano de Urbanização da Cidade de Luanda by Étienne de Groër and David Moreira da Silva (1941-1943)

Urban Planning in Lusophone African Countries, Sep 1, 2015

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The city shaped through the railway line: Albergaria-a-Velha, Portugal (1908-2018)

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

The construction of the railway lines in the cities has led to relevant territorial transformatio... more The construction of the railway lines in the cities has led to relevant territorial transformations and instigated the first urban planning operations all over the world. In Portugal, the deployment of the railway line-even though late in the second half of the 19th century-had a crucial role in the transformation of the territory. This article analyses the relationships between the implementation of the railways and the urban development. This is clarified with the case study of the city of Albergaria-a-Velha, in Portugal, which takes part in the largest railway system named "Vale do Vouga" line. The article is organized into three main moments. First, the implementation of the railways in the cities, in general, is addressed. Then, in a second moment, the implementation of the railways in Portugal is studied. Finally, the article focuses on the case of Albergaria-a-Velha and the way the railways relate to the urban development in this territory. It was found that, initially, the deployment of the train line in Albergaria-a-Velha was not too invasive in the territory, occupying predominantly agricultural lands. Also, it is noticed that Albergaria-a-Velha suffered its greatest urban growth during the early 70s of the 20th century. This came about abruptly and unregulated, similarly to what occurred in several other cities during this period. In the current urban structure, the railway line is an element that clearly divides the city. But still, over time, the railway line was responsible for moments in which the city was redesigned and adapted to it, through the new buildings and streets. In fact, the railway line had an important role in the regulation of the urban fabric, shaping and defining the urban growth in Albergaria-a-Velha. We conclude that the railway line produces two opposite effects in the urban design of Albergaria-a-Velha. It regulates the space, but acts simultaneously as a barrier. Not only it conditions the roads that it crosses, but also conditions the limits on the development of urban form, while not preventing the urban growth.

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The city thought and the city built: design approaches to Praça do Comércio, Lisbon

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

This paper analyses the urban design processes of the square "Praça do Comércio", in Lisbon. It c... more This paper analyses the urban design processes of the square "Praça do Comércio", in Lisbon. It comprises two distinct moments in its history. The first moment is about the period in the aftermath of the 1755 earthquake. The second analysis moment is about the late XX, and the early XXI century. It confronts a methodological analysis of the iconography and cartography of those periods, with the current local observations and their spatial visual assessment. The paper has three parts. First, it presents the six proposals submitted for "Praça do Comércio" in the second half of the XVIII century. Another sets of four-period maps are also shown as these maps include also the medieval city designs. This reveals the continuity of the different projects' ideas for the "Praça do Comércio". The second part deals with the placement of the D. José I (1714-1777) equestrian statue. This section discusses the placement of the statue as part of an overall plan where the "Praça do Comércio" acts as a stage for the D. José I statue. The ideology of public praise towards the reigning king is evident in this tie-in between the square and the statue. At last, the square's different functions and uses during the late XX and the early XXI century are presented. For that, two recent projects are analysed. The first developed between 1992 and 2000 and the second from 2010. The analysis of the square designs reveals the existence of a strong connection with the past. The projects recover the medieval square design, both the opening towards the Tagus River and its design, regardless of the different proposals advances and retreats in relation to its form, notable buildings, and dimensions. Public art acts in an unabridged whole with the urban design. This is near to the notion of urban composition, in that the monument transcends the idea of a sculptural object and becomes the entire urban set. This understanding is in contrary to the notion of public art as a decorative element apposed on pre-existing spaces. The urban composition is also in contrary to the idea of public space as an outdoor gallery where the art pieces are independent units without any coherent dialog with the public space. The 1992 and 2010 plans, although formally and materially different, present the concomitant ideas. Both present ideas for the occupation of the lateral arcades of the square as the touristic and living areas. The current project (2010 drawing), much criticized by architects in the media, abandoned the ideas of the previous plan (1992). These included a road tunnel and an underground car park. The 2010 project includes some movement architectural barriers. It also presents a new design for the pavement based on a diagonal grid that leads to a novel reading

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Clustering of architectural floor plans: A comparison of shape representations

Automation in Construction, 2017

Generative design methods are able to produce a large number of potential solutions of architectu... more Generative design methods are able to produce a large number of potential solutions of architectural floor plans, which may be overwhelming for the decision-maker to cope with. Therefore, it is important to develop tools which organise the generated data in a meaningful manner. In this study, a comparative analysis of four architectural shape representations for the task of unsupervised clustering is presented. Three of the four shape representations are the Point Distance, the Turning Function, and the Grid-Based model approaches, which are based on known descriptors. The fourth proposed representation, Tangent Distance, calculates the distances of the contour's tangents to the shape's geometric centre. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm is used to cluster a synthetic dataset of 72 floor plans. When compared to a reference clustering, despite good perceptual results with the use of the Point Distance and Turning Function representations, the Tangent Distance descriptor (Rand index of 0.873) provides the best results. The Grid-Based descriptor presents the worst results.

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Random-walk mobility analysis of Lisbon’s plans for the post-1755 reconstruction

Open Engineering, 2016

The different options for the reconstruction of the city of Lisbon in the aftermath of the 1755 e... more The different options for the reconstruction of the city of Lisbon in the aftermath of the 1755 earthquake are studied with an agent-based model based on randomwalks. This method gives a comparative quantitative measure of mobility of the circulation spaces within the city. The plans proposed for the city of Lisbon signified a departure from the medieval mobility city model. The intricacy of the old city circulation spaces is greatly reduced in the new plans and the mobility between different areas is substantially improved. The simulation results of the random–walk model show that those plans keeping the main force lines of the old city presented less improvement in terms ofmobility. The plans that had greater design freedom were, by contrast, easier to navigate. Lisbon’s reconstruction followed a plan that included a shift in the traditional notions of mobility. This affected the daily lives of its citizens by potentiating an easy access to the waterfront, simplifying orientation ...

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Morfologia Urbana nos Países Lusófonos. Actas da Conferência Internacional - PNUM 2012 - Portuguese Network of Urban Morphology

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Analise e avaliação dos arquivos de cartografia urbana em Lisboa no estudo da forma urbana

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Building city with public space

On the W Terfront, 2003

This paper will point out some of the themes involved on the making of cities and solutions for i... more This paper will point out some of the themes involved on the making of cities and solutions for interventions in different situations. We can ask some questions: what is more important in the city? Buildings or public space? How has been made the city according to old and modern models? Today we make the buildings and then we apply public space to the emptiness that exists between the built masses. Unfortunately, in the majority of cases, this interstitial space is not a public space. It's an empty space and not an alive space where we feel well.

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Crowdsourced Clustering of Computer Generated Floor Plans

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2015

This paper identifies the main criteria used by architecture specialists in the task of clusterin... more This paper identifies the main criteria used by architecture specialists in the task of clustering alternative floor plan designs. It shows how collective actions of respondents lead to their clustering by carrying out an online exercise. The designs were randomly pre-generated by a hybrid evolutionary algorithm and a questionnaire was posed in the end for the respondents to indicate which similarity criteria they have used. A network of designs was then obtained and it was partitioned into clusters using a modularity optimization algorithm. The results show that the main criterion used was the internal arrangement of spaces, followed by overall shape and by external openings orientation. This work allows the future development of novel algorithms for automatic classification, clustering, and database retrieval of architectural floor plans.

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2003 Construir cidade com espaço público 2

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Proceedings PNUM2013

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Building city with public space

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A circulação das ideias urbanísticas na segunda metade do século XVIII: Lisboa e a Praça do Comércio

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The Plano de Urbanização da Cidade de Luanda by Étienne de Groër and David Moreira da Silva (1941-1943)

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The impact of Lisbon’s subway development on Avenida da República

by Mafalda Sampayo and Carina Silvestre

In an environment of political regeneration, Lisbon expansion during the XX century is marked by ... more In an environment of political regeneration, Lisbon expansion during the XX century is marked by the “Avenidas Novas” (new avenues) project. In this work we show how the development of the Avenida da República is affected by the development of the Lisbon subway. The opening of a new subway station is transformative event that has potential impacts on the development of different sectors and of the growth of the city. This work was done by in several steps: (i) critical reading of works that focus the space and time of the object of this study; (ii) identification and analysis of several specific moments of the growth of the Avenida da República through urban cartography and (iii) assessment of the urban form of this avenue through a comparative analysis of the results.

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Online survey for collective clustering of computer generated architectural floor plans

by Alvaro Gomes, Mafalda Sampayo, and David Sousa-Rodrigues

The aim of this study is to understand what are the collective actions of architecture practition... more The aim of this study is to understand what are the collective actions of architecture practitioners when grouping floor plan designs. The understanding of how profession- als and students solve this complex problem may help to develop specific programmes for the teaching of architecture. In addition, the findings of this study can help in the development of query mechanisms for database retrieval of floor plans and the implementation of clustering mechanisms to aggregate floor plans resulting from gen- erative design methods. The study aims to capture how practitioners define similarity between floor plans from a pool of available designs.

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O modelo da cidade islâmica em Portugal: O caso de estudo de Elvas

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Construir Cidade com Espaço Público

SAMPAYO, Mafalda Gambutas Teixeira de - Construir cidade com espaço público. On the w@terfront - ... more SAMPAYO, Mafalda Gambutas Teixeira de - Construir cidade com espaço público. On the w@terfront - Public Art & Urban Design: Interdisciplinary and Social Perspectives. Barcelona: Centre de Recerca Polis da Universitat de Barcelona. Vol. 4 (2003b). Pp. 44-46.
ISBN: 84-475-2767-0 ISSN 1139-7365

"This paper will point out some of the themes involved on the making of cities and solutions for interventions in different situations.

We can ask some questions: what is more important in the city? Buildings or public space? How has been made the city according to old and modern models? Today we make the buildings and then we apply public space to the emptiness that exists between the built masses. Unfortunately, in the majority of cases, this interstitial space is not a public space. It’s an empty space and not an alive space where we feel well.

Making cities implies to have conscience of a series of factors that are not only the domain of the architect, but of different technicians. This theme has been disarticulated debated by some intervenients in the cities. Although all are conscientious of the necessary relationship with different specialists who work on the cities, planning it and articulating with the territorial scale. It seems to us that the reason for the primary aim not being reached is a bad articulation of the efforts of the several technicians.

Studying the structure of the traditional city, we conclude that there’s a law for the permanence of the plan. According to Fernando Chueca Goitia and looking for the urban evolution of some cities, the geometry of the plan remains. This law of the permanence of the plan supports the importance of making city starting with the public space.

I understand that the city must born from public space and then develop to the private houses. Not the contrary, as it occurs nowadays. Knowing that public space defines itself as urban emptiness (streets, squares. etc.) and the private space as the built mass, the drawing of the city would have to start with the structure of streets and squares. This is the logic of the traditional city. "

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