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Le Pin laricio (Pinus nigra laricio) est-il une espèce clé pour la Sittelle corse (Sitta whiteheadi) ?

Revue D Ecologie-la Terre Et La Vie, 2002

Endemie to Corsica Island, in the We stern Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi ... more Endemie to Corsica Island, in the We stern Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi inhabits main! y the stands of Corsican Pine Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, although it is also present in other coniferous forests, e.g. the Maritime Pine P. pinaster which also covers large areas. The present study points out the major raie played by Corsican Pine forests which hold higher densities of nuthatches than Maritime Pine forests. Seed shells seem to be a key factor. The seeds of Corsican Pine can be easily open by nuthatch's bill which cannat break those of Maritime Pine. Final! y, we examine the relationships between nuthatches and Corsican forests in an historical perspective. The nuthatch has probably been on Corsica since at !east the middle of the Pleistocene. Since this time, important climatic changes have occurred in the Mediterranean, producing deep changes in the composition and distribution of vegetation. Throughout this period, the Corsican Nuthatch probably depended on Corsican Pine forest for its survival.

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The impact of fire on vegetation, aves and micromammalia in various mediterranean formations in the Eastern Pyrénées: first results

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1984

Dans le biome méditerranéen, le feu, naturel ou artificiel, volontaire ou non, joue depuis des si... more Dans le biome méditerranéen, le feu, naturel ou artificiel, volontaire ou non, joue depuis des siècles un rôle de premier plan, et le paysage végétal porte presque partout son empreinte. Or, si l'on possède déjà des informations sur les aspects microclimatiques, pédologiques et botaniques de l'incendie médi terranéen en France (Braun Blanquet, 1936 ; Kuhnholtz-Lordat, 1958, 1959 ; Trabaud, 1970, 197 4, 1980), il n'en est pas de même pour les effets sur la macrofaune. Sur ce sujet, les données quantitatives manquent presque complè tement dans nos pays et le besoin d'un diagnostic écologique après incendie au niveau du peuplement animal se fait de plus en plus sentir. Ceci est parti culièrement vrai dans le département des Pyrénées-Orientales affecté ces der nières années par de nombreux incendies, dont deux d'une ampleur excep tionnelle. A cette occasion, il nous est apparu une certaine disproportion entre l'importance des moyens financiers dévolus à la prévention du feu et à la restauration des milieux incendiés, et la modicité des connaissances écologiques qui devraient normalement sous-tendre ces actions d'aménagement. C'est le grand incendie des Aspres (cf. ci-après) qui nous a décidé à aborder ce pro blème dès 1977, d'abord seuls, puis avec l'aide du Ministère de l'Envi ronnement.

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Comparison of postfire mortality in endemic Corsican black pine (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio) and its direct competitor (Pinus pinaster)

Annals of forest science, Mar 1, 2011

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific r... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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Distribution and population size of the Corsican NuthatchSitta whiteheadi

Bird Conservation International, Mar 24, 2011

Endemic to the island of Corsica in the western Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteh... more Endemic to the island of Corsica in the western Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi only occupies mature stands of Corsican Pine Pinus nigra laricio which cover a very small area. We present estimates of the distribution and population size of the Corsican Nuthatch, based on both field investigation and analysis of vegetation maps for the 103 county and municipality forests identified. Between spring 1997 and summer 2008, 48 forests were systematically investigated to map nuthatch territories, requiring 20 months of fieldwork. In the 55 forests not explored, we estimated the number of territories from analysis of digital maps with a calculated mean density from six spot-mapping censuses previously made in mature forests. The total estimated number was estimated to be 1,557-2,201 territories, distributed across 45 forest fragments (5 group of connected stands) totalling 185 km 2 . At distances varying from 250 m to 16 km from each other, fragments were separated by unfavourable vegetation (shrubs, trees other than pines) or rocky outcrops. The area of these fragments varied from seven to 3,159 ha. Of the 45 fragments, 19 held fewer than 10 nuthatch pairs, 20 had 10-99 territories, and only six had more than 100 territories. We suggest that nuthatch numbers have declined by 10% in the past 10 years because of a reduction in suitable habitat due to fires and logging. The Corsican Nuthatch currently fulfils the criteria established by IUCN to qualify as ''Vulnerable''.

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Impacto ecológico de los incendios sobre la fauna de los alcornocales. = Impact ecologique des incendies sur la faune des suberaies

Scientia gerundensis, 1989

Des de 1977 s'estan realitzant estudis sobre l'impacte dels incendis en suredes i altres formacio... more Des de 1977 s'estan realitzant estudis sobre l'impacte dels incendis en suredes i altres formacions vegetals al Laboratori Argo. Aquestes recerques tenen per finalitat estudiar les conseqüi5ncies ecolbgiques dels incendis sobre la fauna, i avaluar les velocitats de micatritzación dels ecosistemes forestals després d'una pertorbació. Han estat escollits tres grans grups animals com indicadors dins cada un dels principals estrats de l'ecosistema. Aquests grups són representatius, respectivament, del sbl(8cars lliures i macroartrbpodes), de la superfície (micromamífers) i de la vegetació (ocells). Des études sur l'impact des incendies dans les forets de chenes-litges et d'autres formations végétales sont menées au Laboratoire Argo depuis 1977. Ces recherches ont pour but d'étudier les consequénces écologiques des incendies sur la faune, et d'évaluer les vitesses de c<cicatrisationn des écosyst&mes forestiers apri5s perturbation. Trois grands groupes animaux ont été choisis comme indicateurs dans chacune des ~rincioales strates de 1'6cosvsti5-A A me. Ces groupes réprésentent respectivement le sol (acariens libres et macroarthropodes), la surface (micromammiferes) et la végétation (oiseaux).

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Impact des incendies sur l'avifaune. Gestion du paysage et conservation de la biodiversité animale

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1995

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L’impact du feu sur la végétation, les oiseaux et les micromammifères dans diverses formations méditerranéennes des Pyrénées-Orientales : premiers résultats

Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie)

A four year study of the impact of fire on different types of Mediterranean vegetation has been c... more A four year study of the impact of fire on different types of Mediterranean vegetation has been carried out in the Eastern part of the Pyrenean range (Département des Pyrénées-Orientales, France). Following fire, a number of transient plant species colonize the open ground, while the original vegetation regenerates from stumps, rhizomes or buried seeds. This results in an increase in species richness of the vegetation at this stage. The time necessary for the bird communities to reach their pre-fire species composition and population levels differs in Cork-oak and Holm-oak forests. This takes three years in the first case, but is much slower in the second vegetation type. Bird-species richness is higher in the burned maquis during the second and third years following the fire. The population densities of small mammal species, particularly that of Apodemus sylvaticus, can be higher in all burned areas during the second and third post-fire years, but population structures (age and sex...

Le Pin laricio (Pinus nigra laricio) est-il une espèce clé pour la Sittelle corse (Sitta whiteheadi) ?

Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie)

Endemic to Corsica Island, in the Western Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi i... more Endemic to Corsica Island, in the Western Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi inhabits mainly the stands of Corsican Pine Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, although it is also present in other coniferous forests, e.g. the Maritime Pine P. pinaster which also covers large areas. The present study points out the major role played by Corsican Pine forests which hold higher densities of nuthatches than Maritime Pine forests. Seed shells seem to be a key factor. The seeds of Corsican Pine can be easily open by nuthatch’s bill which cannot break those of Maritime Pine. Finally, we examine the relationships between nuthatches and Corsican forests in an historical perspective. The nuthatch has probably been on Corsica since at least the middle of the Pleistocene. Since this time, important climatic changes have occurred in the Mediterranean, producing deep changes in the composition and distribution of vegetation. Throughout this period, the Corsican Nuthatch probably depended o...

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The impact of fire on vegetation, aves and micromammalia in various mediterranean formations in the Eastern Pyrénées: first results

Etude sur quatre ans; colonisation des terrains brûlés par des plantes transitoires et augmentati... more Etude sur quatre ans; colonisation des terrains brûlés par des plantes transitoires et augmentation de la richesse spécifique des végétaux d'origine après le repeuplement. Le temps nécessaire pour le repeuplement par les oiseaux varie suivant le type de formation végétale. La densité des petits mammifères peut être supérieure après le repeuplement mais la structure de la population chang

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Fire, bird conservation and land management in the north-mediterranean area

Ecologia mediterranea, 1987

Despite the common perception of wild fires as a major ecological catastrophe, their effects on t... more Despite the common perception of wild fires as a major ecological catastrophe, their effects on the avifauna are not uniquely negative. Concerning the protection of the most typically Mediterranean bird species in Southern France, the progressive disappearance of the herbaceous formations from the landscape might represent in the future a more serious problem. The maintenance of these formations (for example by prescribed burning), facilitating the fight against large wild fires, would reconcile the exigences of avifauna and forest protection in Mediterranean fire-prone areas.

Morphological consequences of hybridization in two interbreeding taxa: Kurdish Wheatear (Oenanthe xanthoprymna) and Persian Wheatear (O.chrysopygia) in western Iran

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010

Morphological consequences of hybridization were studied in two interbreeding taxa of genus Oenan... more Morphological consequences of hybridization were studied in two interbreeding taxa of genus Oenanthe. The breeding ranges of Kurdish Wheatear (Oenanthe xanthoprymna ) and Persian Wheatear (O.chrysopygia ) overlap in west and north west of Iran where intermediate color variants can be found. Field works were carried out in May 2006 and 2007 inside and outside of contact zone. We found O.chrysopygia and supposed hybrid together in contact zone also O.chrysopygia in areas outside of contact zone. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were performed on 19 morphometric measurements and Multiple Correspondence Analyses (MCA) was performed on 17 qualitative variables for all adult specimens. Results of MANOVA showed no significant difference between supposed hybrid and O.chrysopygia. Furthermore, three morphometric variables showed significant difference between O.xanthoprymna and supposed hybrid. Dendrogram based on morphometric distances, confirms that supposed hybrid is sister taxa with O.chrysopygia and dendrogram based on plumage coloration and biometric distances shows the supposed hybrid is nested near the O.xanthoprymna. Therefore, our results supposed the close morphometrical relationships of supposed hybrid with O.chrysopygia despite a plumage coloration pattern close to O. xanthoprymna.

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L'analyse des relations espèces-milieu par l'analyse canonique des correspondances. I: Variables de milieu quantitatives

Acta Oecologica Oecologia Generalis, 1988

Dynamique des systemes avifaune : vegetation apres deprise rurale et incendies dans les pyrenees mediterraneennes silicieuses

Http Www Theses Fr, 1988

Les successions oiseaux vegetation etudiees a l'etage mediterraneen des massifs des alberes e... more Les successions oiseaux vegetation etudiees a l'etage mediterraneen des massifs des alberes et des aspres (pyrenees-orientales) resultent, d'une part, de la colonisation progressive par la vegetation ligneuse des terres abandonnees par l'homme, et d'autre part des processus de regeneration et de recolonisation apres incendie. Apres avoir examine les rapports entre theorie ecologique (notions de diversite, d'amplitude d'habitat,. . . ) et analyse des correspondances, cette derniere est utilisee pour formaliser le gradient avifaunistique pelouses maquis forets, qui est ensuite correle avec 8 parametres de recouvrement vegetal. Il en resulte un modele permettant d'une part d'indicer, a une date donnee, toute station non brulee sur l'axe successionnel pelouses forets (soit a partir de son avifaune, soit a partir de son profil vegetal), d'autre part de predire la probabilite de contacter une espece donnee d'oiseau d'apres la structure vegetale

Quaternary History of an Endemic Passerine Bird on Corsica Island: Glacial Refugium and Impact of Recent Forest Regression

Quaternary Research, 2016

Molecular studies support the hypothesis that Corsica Island was a glacial refugium for a number ... more Molecular studies support the hypothesis that Corsica Island was a glacial refugium for a number of forest birds during the Pleistocene. We focused on the Corsican nuthatch (Sitta whiteheadi), an endemic passerine strongly associated with the laricio pine (Pinus nigra laricio). The range of laricio pine has been impacted by the Pleistocene glacial periods and forest has been recently fragmented by cutting and fires. Using both molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear) and morphological characters, we assessed the variation within the nuthatch population. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Corsican nuthatch endured through the late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic variations, and sustained the subsequent cycles of forests reduction/expansion. The results also suggest that the recent anthropization of the landscape resulted in the isolation of a cluster of populations in the northern part of the island. The fragmentation of the habitat of the nuthatch may impede the ...

Introduction à la biologie du traquet rieur (Oenanthe leucura) en France

Alauda, 1985

Biotope, regime alimentaire, reproduction, comportement de parade, agressivite territoire, relati... more

Breeding ecology of the Iranian ground jay (Podoces pleskei)

Although Podoces pleskei is the only endemic bird of Iran, little information exists on its ecolo... more Although Podoces pleskei is the only endemic bird of Iran, little information exists on its ecological features, population dynamics and threats that concern it. This species occurs in desert and semi desert areas, mostly on the Iranian plateau, though its range spreads southeast ward to the Iran-Pakistan border. In this research, a total of 52 nests were studied in three locations, the "Ghare Tappe", "Marvast" and "Mehrano" region, from 2005 to 2008. Breeding habits, nest characteristics, hatching features, clutch size, length of incubation time, nesting period and features of the chicks were observed in the three locations and were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). To compare breeding success among the three study areas, Z test was applied. This bird builds its nest at the top of and within the denser parts of plants, particularly Atraphaxis spinosa, Ephedra intermedia and Zygophyllum eurypterum. At times of danger, they hide beneath shrubs...

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Burrowing habits and substrate selection in ultrapsammophilous tenebrionid beetles of the Namib Desert

RÉSUMÉ. -Les Ténébrionides du genre Lepidochoru sont des fouisseurs hyperpsammophiles des dunes d... more RÉSUMÉ. -Les Ténébrionides du genre Lepidochoru sont des fouisseurs hyperpsammophiles des dunes de sable du désert du Namib. L. discoidalis est surtout confiné sur les pentes sous le vent (avalancheuses) des dunes, où s'accumulent les débris végétaux transportés par le vent, et où se trouve le sable le plus fin (0,125 à 0,180 mm), le mieux trié et le plus meuble. Toutefois, dans les expériences de choix effectuées au laboratoire avec des sables tamisés, L. discoidalis s'enfouit de préférence dans du sable de 0,045 à 0,090 mm. Il y a donc un désaccord entre ce preferendum mesuré expérimentalement et la granulométrie du sable naturel. Le choix d'un substrat pour l'enfouissement se fait vraisemblablement sur critère mécanique.

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L'Avifaune reproductrice des futaies de Pin laricio en Corse

Revue Forestière Française, 2002

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Ecological segregation between Iranian wheatears

Zoology in the Middle East, 2006

Ecological segregation in the wheatear genus Oenanthe is a complex and intriguing question in whi... more Ecological segregation in the wheatear genus Oenanthe is a complex and intriguing question in which the relationships between species are still uncertain. It also remains to be seen why several species often coexist in arid and apparently simple mono-layered environments and why there is a lack of evident differences between the etho-ecological characters of different species. We studied the patterns of coexistence of 11 species in their breeding grounds in the Zagros Mountains and in arid and semi-arid areas in the north-east of Iran. We focused on the relationship between habitat selection, behavioural characteristics and morphological traits in species with overlapping ranges. During point-censuses, we recorded 19 behavioural characteristics by monitoring each individual during a 20 minute period, using the sit-and-wait method, and measured 36 habitat variables within a 100-m radius around observed birds. We also measured 21 biometric variables in each species from a total of 179 museum skins. Our results showed that spatial overlapping between wheatear species in Iran is greater than has previously been reported. Habitat segregation seems to be more related to geomorphological features than to vegetation cover and/or vegetation type. Behaviour seems to be the most important element of niche segregation between syntopic species. We found no evidence of character displacement, although we did find marked differences between species (syntopic or otherwise) in behavioural characteristics that included feeding tactics, locomotion patterns and the use of perches. Morphological traits are more correlated to behavioural traits (especially foraging behaviour) than to habitat characteristics. Our results support the idea that morphology is an important cue for determining the ecological niche of a wheatear species. Kurzfassung. Die ökologische Trennung der Steinschmätzerarten der Gattung Oenanthe ist komplex und spannend, wobei man über das Verhältnis der einzelnen Arten untereinander bisher noch wenig weiß. Es ist vor allem nicht bekannt, warum mehrere Arten in einer ariden und offensichtlich einfach strukturierten Umwelt oft nebeneinander vorkommen und warum sich die ethoökologischen Eigenschaften der einzelnen Arten nicht offensichtlich unterscheiden. Wir haben das Muster der Koexistenz von 11 Arten in ihren Brutgebieten im Zagrosgebirge und in ariden and semiariden Gebieten im Nordost-Iran untersucht und konzentrierten uns dabei auf das Verhältnis zwischen Habitatwahl, Verhaltenseigenschaften und morphologischen Merkmalen bei Arten mit überlappenden Vorkommensgebieten. In Punkt-Zählungen erfassten wir 19 Verhaltensmerkmale, indem wir jeden Steinschmätzer über 20 Minuten lang beobachteten und 36 Habitatparameter innerhalb eines Radius von 100 m um den beobachteten Vogel erfassten. Wir ermittelten auch von allen Arten 21 biometrische Merkmale von insgesamt 179 Museumsexemplaren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die räumliche Überlappung bei iranischen Steinschmätzern größer ist als bisher bekannt. Habitattrennung scheint stärker an geomorphologische Merkmale gebunden zu sein als an die Vegetation bzw. den Vegetationstyp. Bei syntopen Arten ist das Verhalten offenbar der wichtigste Parameter zur Nischentrennung. Wir fanden keine Hinweise auf eine Merkmalsverschiebung, obwohl wir zwischen den einzelnen Arten (syntop und nicht syntop) deutliche Verhaltensunterschiede fanden, so in der Ernährungsstrategie, im Bewegungsmuster und bei der Benutzung von Sitzwarten. Morphologische Merkmale sind stärker korreliert mit Verhaltensmerkmalen (besonders mit dem Nahrungsverhalten) als mit Habitatmerkmalen.

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Local survival after fire in Mediterranean shrublands: combining capture‐recapture data over several bird species

Population Ecology, 2003

Post-disturbance survival is a key factor in the onset of secondary successions. Here we analyse ... more Post-disturbance survival is a key factor in the onset of secondary successions. Here we analyse capture-recapture data from two before/after disturbance studies to estimate the effect of fire on local bird survival. Analyses of six bird species at two Mediterranean shrubland sites were combined using a meta-analysis approach. Two warblers, Sylvia undata and S. melanocephala, were studied at one site altered by prescribed burning, and five passerines (Luscinia megarhynchos, Turdus merula, Parus major, P. caeruleus and S. melanocephala) at one site disturbed by wildfire. Based on the combined analysis, annual survival probability significantly decreased from 0.49 to 0.18 (i.e. a 64% decline) after the fire. Our results further suggest a trend for a higher decrease in annual survival associated with wildfire ()72%, from 0.51 to 0.14) than with prescribed burning ()35%, from 0.41 to 0.27), although this should be properly tested with a specific experimental design. In S. undata, a decline in survival in the Ôlong-termÕ cannot account for the drop in density observed the first spring after fire. We suggest that a decrease in recruitment rate and an increase in the proportion of non-breeders immediately after the fire may contribute more strongly to the decline in the breeding population. Our results tend to support the idea that bird populations may respond to moderate disturbances with noticeable time lags, because of individual site tenacity.

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