Papers by Saad Ali Jadoo
BMC Public Health, 2014
Background: Since 2003, Turkey has implemented major health care reforms to develop easily access... more Background: Since 2003, Turkey has implemented major health care reforms to develop easily accessible, high-quality, efficient, and effective healthcare services for the population. The purpose of this study was to bring out opinions of the Turkish people on health system reform process, focusing on several aspects of health system and assessing whether the public prefer the current health system or that provided a decade ago. Methods: A cross sectional survey study was carried out in Turkey to collect data on people's opinions on the healthcare reforms. Data was collected via self administered household's structured questionnaire. A five-point Likert-type scale was used to score the closed comparative statements. Each statement had response categories ranging from (1) "strongly agree" to (5) "strongly disagree." A total of 482 heads of households (response rate: 71.7%) with the mean age of (46.60 years) were selected using a multi stage sampling technique from seven geographical regions in Turkey from October 2011 to January 2012. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify significant contributing factors in this study.
BMC Health Services Research, 2012
Background
During the last two decades, the Iraqi human resources for health was exposed to an un... more Background
During the last two decades, the Iraqi human resources for health was exposed to an unprecedented turnover of trained and experienced medical professionals. This study aimed to explore prominent factors affecting turnover intentions among Iraqi doctors.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional multicentre study was carried out among 576 doctors across 20 hospitals in Iraq using multistage sampling technique. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included socio-demographic information, work characteristics, the 10-item Warr-Cook-Wall job satisfaction scale, and one question on turnover intention. Descriptive and bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant factors affecting turnover intentions.
Results
More than one half of Iraqi doctors (55.2%) were actively seeking alternative employment. Factors associated with turnover intentions among doctors were low job satisfaction score (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95, 0.99), aged 40 years old or less (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.74, 4.75), being male (OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.54, 7.03), being single (OR = 5.0; 95% CI: 2.61, 9.75), being threatened (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.80, 6.69), internally displaced (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.43, 6.57), having a perception of unsafe medical practice (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.86, 9.21), working more than 40 h per week, (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.27, 4.03), disagreement with the way manager handles staff (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.03), being non-specialist, (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.08, 7.13), and being employed in the government sector only (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.82).
Conclusion
The high-turnover intention among Iraqi doctors is significantly associated with working and security conditions. An urgent and effective strategy is required to prevent doctors’ exodus.
Background:The service weight is among several issues and challenges in the implementation of cas... more Background:The service weight is among several issues and challenges in the implementation of case-mix in
developing countries, including Malaysia. The aim of this study is to develop the Malaysian Diagnosis Related Group
(MY-DRG) case-mix pharmacy service weight in University Kebangsaan Malaysia-Medical Center (UKMMC) by
identifying the actual cost of pharmacy services by MY-DRG groups in the hospital.
Methods:All patients admitted to UKMMC in 2011 were recruited in this study. Combination of Step-down and
Bottom-up costing methodology has been used in this study. The drug and supplies cost; the cost of staff; the
overhead cost; and the equipment cost make up the four components of pharmacy. Direct costing approach has
been employed to calculate Drugs and supplies cost from electronic-prescription system; and the inpatient pharmacy
staff cost, while the overhead cost and the pharmacy equipments cost have been calculated indirectly from MY-DRG
data base. The total pharmacy cost was obtained by summing the four pharmacy components’ cost per each MY-DRG.
The Pharmacy service weight of a MY-DRG was estimated by dividing the average pharmacy cost of the investigated
MY-DRG on the average of a specified MY-DRG (which usually the average pharmacy cost of all MY-DRGs).
Results:Drugs and supplies were the main component (86.0%) of pharmacy cost compared o overhead cost centers
(7.3%), staff cost (6.5%) and pharmacy equipments (0.2%) respectively. Out of 789 inpatient MY-DRGs case-mix groups,
450 (57.0%) groups were utilized by the UKMMC. Pharmacy service weight has been calculated for each of these
450 MY-DRGs groups. MY-DRG case-mix group of Lymphoma & Chronic Leukemia group with severity level three
(C-4-11-III) has the highest pharmacy service weight of 11.8 equivalents to average pharmacy cost of RM 5383.90. While
the MY-DRG case-mix group for Circumcision with severity level one (V-1-15-I) has the lowest pharmacy service weight
of 0.04 equivalents to average pharmacy cost of RM 17.83.
Conclusion:A mixed approach which is based partly on top-down and partly on bottom up costing methodology has
been recruited to develop MY-DRG case-mix pharmacy service weight for 450 groups utilized by the UKMMC in 2011
This study aimed to explore factors associated with patient satisfaction of outpatient medical ca... more This study aimed to explore factors associated with patient satisfaction of outpatient medical care in Malaysia. A cross-sectional exit
survey was conducted among 340 outpatients aged between 13 and 80 years after successful clinical consultations and treatment
acquirements using convenience sampling at the outpatient medical care of Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital (HTAR), Malaysia,
being the country’s busiest medical outpatient facility. A survey that consisted of sociodemography, socioeconomic, and health
characteristics and the validated Short-Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18) scale were used. Patient satisfaction was
the highest in terms of service factors or tangible priorities, particularly “technical quality” and “accessibility and convenience,” but
satisfaction was low in terms of service orientation of doctors, particularly the “time spent with doctor,” “interpersonal manners,”
and “communication” during consultations. Gender, income level, and purpose of visit to the clinic were important correlates of
patient satisfaction. Effort to improve service orientation among doctors through periodical professional development programs at
hospital and national level is essential to boost the country’s health service satisfaction.
Objectives: This study was aimed to assess validation and reliability of knowledge of, attitude t... more Objectives: This study was aimed to assess validation and reliability of knowledge of, attitude toward and
practice (KAP) of a Case-mix and Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system questionnaire.
Methods: A sample of 238 health care providers selected conveniently from three public hospitals in
Turkey was enrolled in a cross-sectional study from September 1 until November 30, 2012. The mean age
was 38.63 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.52), ranging from age 21 to 60 years. More than one-half were
males (52.1%), nearly two-fifths were medical doctors (39.9%), one-third were nurses (33.2%), one-sixth
were auxiliary staff (16.4%) and the remaining were coders (10.5%). Only one-third (33.6%) of respondents
attended a workshop or training program in the Case-mix or DRG system. After examining content validity,
factor analysis was conducted, internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha
estimate, and test-retest reliability was evaluated.
Results: The sample adequacy for extraction of the factors was confirmed by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
test (0.915) and the Bartlett test (1052). Factor analysis showed three factors, including attitude (36.43%),
practice (23.39%) and knowledge (17%), with a total variance of 76.82%. The reliability of each section of
the questionnaire was as follows: knowledge (0.963), attitude (0.964) and practice (0.973). Cronbach’s alpha
total was 0.941, which showed excellent internal consistency.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the designed questionnaire provided high construct validity
and reliability, and could be adequately used to measure KAP among health care staff of the Case-mix and
DRG system in Turkey.
Background: Since 2003, Turkey has implemented major health care reforms to develop easily access... more Background: Since 2003, Turkey has implemented major health care reforms to develop easily accessible, high-quality, efficient, and effective healthcare services for the population. The purpose of this study was to bring out opinions of the Turkish people on health system reform process, focusing on several aspects of health system and assessing whether the public prefer the current health system or that provided a decade ago. Methods: A cross sectional survey study was carried out in Turkey to collect data on people's opinions on the healthcare reforms. Data was collected via self administered household's structured questionnaire. A five-point Likert-type scale was used to score the closed comparative statements. Each statement had response categories ranging from (1) "strongly agree" to (5) "strongly disagree." A total of 482 heads of households (response rate: 71.7%) with the mean age of (46.60 years) were selected using a multi stage sampling technique from seven geographical regions in Turkey from October 2011 to January 2012. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify significant contributing factors in this study.
Health system reform has been a major concern for different countries. The aim of this research w... more Health system reform has been a major concern for different countries. The aim of this research was to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire suitable to assess the consequences of health reform process from people's perspective. An extensive literature review used to extract a set of statements as possible indicators for health system reform. Expert panel used to determine the content validity rate (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI). The first version produced in Turkish language and pre-piloted with 20 heads of household. Qualified committee used to translate the Turkish version to English version. Group of eighteen academics and graduate students recruited to tests both versions for parallel test validity. The construct validity of the questionnaire was determined using principal components analysis with Varimax rotation method (PCA). Internal consistency and questionnaire's reliability were calculated by Cronbach's alpha and the test-retest reliability test. A 17-items questionnaire was developed through the qualitative phase. The Bartlett's test was significant (p < 0.001), and the KMO value (0.842) showed that using principal component analysis (PCA) was suitable. Eigenvalues equal or higher than 1 were considered significant and chosen for interpretation. By PCA, 4 factors were extracted (accessibility, attitude and preference, quality of care and availability of resources) that jointly accounted for 85.2% of observed variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed excellent internal consistency (alpha=0.97), and test-retest of the scale with 2weeks intervals indicated an appropriate stability for the scale (Intra-class coefficient = 0.96). The findings showed that the designed questionnaire was valid and reliable and can be used easily to assess the consequences of health reform process by comparing the situation before and after the reform from people's perspective.
There is high expectation from the population on part of the healthcare providers. These include;... more There is high expectation from the population on part of the healthcare providers. These include; skilful and timely medication administration; and knowledge, honesty, listening skills, availability and professional attitude. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the expectation of population with regards to the healthcare providers in Turkey. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey, including both rural and urban population, carried out from October 2011 till January 2012. A total of 540 household heads were selected using multistage random sampling technique. Data was collected using modified self-administered 16-items QUOTE (Quality of Care Through the Patients' Eyes) questionnaire. The questionnaire measures communication/ accessibility, organizational skills and professional skills. The response rate was (77.1%) and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0. All the aspects measured using QUOTE questionnaire were found to be important by the majority of respondents, but with varying degrees of priority. The quality aspects related to the professional skills of physicians was ranked first followed by communication/ accessibility and last but not the least is the organizational skills of health care providers. This study explored the Turkish people priorities and expectations regarding healthcare providers. The public priorities and expectation were different across population. This may reflect the need to understand people's expectations before providing the services to avoid complaints that may occur after the services have been rendered.
Cervical cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women in Iraq. This study aimed to assess... more Cervical cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women in Iraq. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing Pap smear practice among married primary school teachers in Diyala City, Iraq. A total of 222 teachers (aged 20 years to 63 years) residing in Diyala City were enrolled in a cross sectional study from 1 st August till 30 th September 2012. The sampling method was a self-administered survey using a multistage sampling technique. The prevalence of Pap smear practice was very low (12.6%). Relatives and friends were the main source of information about the Pap smear test for more than one third (41.9%) of the respondents. However, the medical doctor's advice was the most important reason for undergoing a Pap smear test in more than two third (60.7%) of respondents. Only 32.4% of the teachers have good knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear test, but 76.1% of them showed a positive attitude toward learning about cervical cancer and Pap smear. Based on multiple logistic regression analysis results only the husband's encouragement (p= 0.003, prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 0.256, 95%CI 0.10-0.63) was significantly associated with Pap smear practice. A more effective educational program is needed to educate Iraqi women about cervical cancer and screening tests, including Pap smear.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity of the Malay version of the Perceiv... more Objective: This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity of the Malay version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) PSS-10 item. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted among all students in a medical faculty in Malaysia. The questionnaire included three parts; socio-demographic correlates, PSS-10 and the validated Malay version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 item (DASS-21). Spearman's correlation coefficient was used in the analysis. Results: Stress subscale of DASS -21 correlated positively with the total score of PSS-10 (r= +0.50, p<0.001), positively with the negative subscale of PSS-10 (r= +0.36, p<0.001) and negatively with the positive subscale of PSS-10 (perceived coping) (r= -0.33, p<0.001). Conclusion: The Malay Version of PSS-10 has fair correlation with the stress subscale of DASS-21. This confirmed the concurrent validity of this scale, which further strengthened the previous evidence that the Malay version of PSS-10 was a valid tool to measure stress in Malaysian university students.
A cross sectional study was carried out in July-October 2011 in Istanbul city, Turkey to determin... more A cross sectional study was carried out in July-October 2011 in Istanbul city, Turkey to determine the level of patients' satisfaction and factors influencing satisfaction toward newly reformed national health insurance. A total of 345 heads of houshold have been selected by using simple random sampling selection method. Data was collected via household's structured questionnaire and Patients' Satisfaction Questionnaire version II. The response rate was (89%) and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0. Age of respondents was around 20 to 70 years old with the mean age of 41.97 ± 13.87 years. Majority of clients' are educated till tertiary education (54.5%) and most of them are currently employed (87.2%). Among the respondents, more than half were satisfied toward national health insurance (53.3%). Respondents were satisfied with domains of access to care (66.7%); availability of resources (52.2%); technical quality (56.5%); overall satisfaction (55.9%); continuity of care (68.7%) and humaneness (53.6%). In bivariate chi-square analysis, result of this study indicated that there were eight factors significantly associated with level of satisfaction i.e. age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, self perceived health status, area of residency and type of household's plan. Further analysis, by using multiple logistic regression showed that the eight factors also significant predictors to the level of satisfaction. Higher patients' satisfaction was associated with improved access to care and continuity of care. However, light must be shed on availability of resources, technical quality and humaneness to improve overall patients' satisfaction.
An expectation specific version of the QUOTE questionnaire was developed to measure the patients'... more An expectation specific version of the QUOTE questionnaire was developed to measure the patients' perspective on part of the healthcare providers. The consistency and validity of the questionnaire was assessed. Extensive literature review and focus group discussions were used to select aspects for inclusion in the questionnaire that are important to patients. Item and factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to test the internal consistency and validity of the questionnaire. Sixteen items were used in the QUOTE-Expectation questionnaire. Factors analysis showed that the scale items were loaded on three distinct factors with eiginvalues more than 1 were obtained. The overall explained variance of scale was 84.28% of the total variance.The internal consistency of the total questionnaire was good (Cronbach's alpha >0.90). Test-retest reliability was used to check the stability. Pearson correlation coefficient between the two assessments was high (r= 0, 967 p> 0.001). The QUOTE-expectation questionnaire has proved likely to be a valid and reliable tool that could be used to measure patient's expectation on part of the healthcare providers.
This study is a preliminary research in Malaysia conducted to measure the urinary cadmium concent... more This study is a preliminary research in Malaysia conducted to measure the urinary cadmium concentration. Cadmium is widespread toxic mineral found in the environment (air, water, soil and food) and as a pollutant coming from agricultural and industrial sources also it is a carcinogenic heavy metal. Cadmium is nephrotoxic metal and can be accumulates in the kidney for long time (half life 10-30years). It can damage the tubules of the kidney and this can lead to renal failure. This study carried out in Tanjung Karang, Selangor to detect the concentration of cadmium in the urine sample and its related factors. A total of three hundred (300) urine samples checked using primary data. Adult males and females aged 35-70 years old were the respondents. The sample size was 300 respondents, 128(42.7%) males and 172(57.3%)females. Ethnicity factor included : Malay,225(85%),Chinese, 36(12%)and Indian 9(3%). Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS) used to analyze the urine samples. Study results showed that 44 urine samples were have high cadmium level out of 300(Cadmium normal level < 2 µg / litre urine). The prevalence rate was 14.7 %. This revealed that about 15 people out of 100 have urinary cadmium level above the normal limits which can be considered toxicity level. There was significant correlation between the age of study population and urinary cadmium level as the age getting higher, the urinary cadmium level gets higher (r=0.118)(p=0.041).There was significant association between urine cadmium level and smoking (p=0.0001) (POR=5) and that explain smoking cigarettes can add a burden on the body in addition to the ingestion of foods contaminated with cadmium and inhalation air that is usually contains percentage of cadmium. This study opens the doors for many future studies in Malaysia to investigate about this important heavy metal from checking the environment (air, water and food) for cadmium and the contribution that relates to the human health exposure and risk.
can french by Saad Ali Jadoo
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia,... more Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia in children and adults, including the elderly, and is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aim of this paper to review published articles on incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 5 years of age in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, and compare the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis among the children in the three courtiers. Literature searches were conducted using google scholar, PubMed, the World Health Organization (WHO) website of the Weekly Epidemiological Record, and the countries' Ministry of Health (MOH) website, and were limited to articles written in English. using various combinations of the following search terms " Pneumococcal diseases" OR "meningococcal" OR "pneumococcal meningitis" OR "meningococcus". A total of five articles and abstracts described the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis among children 5 years old. These five documents include two conference abstracts from Malaysia, one published paper from Singapore and two published papers from Thailand. The Malaysian, Singaporean and Thai pneumococcal meningitis incidence rate was 3.8-8.6, 2.3 and 0.10-1.8 per 100,000 children respectively. Our review confirmed that the incidence rate of pneumococcal meningitis was vary among the countries. The highest incidence rate of pneumococcal meningitis was found in Malaysia followed by Singapore and Thailand.
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Papers by Saad Ali Jadoo
During the last two decades, the Iraqi human resources for health was exposed to an unprecedented turnover of trained and experienced medical professionals. This study aimed to explore prominent factors affecting turnover intentions among Iraqi doctors.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional multicentre study was carried out among 576 doctors across 20 hospitals in Iraq using multistage sampling technique. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included socio-demographic information, work characteristics, the 10-item Warr-Cook-Wall job satisfaction scale, and one question on turnover intention. Descriptive and bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant factors affecting turnover intentions.
Results
More than one half of Iraqi doctors (55.2%) were actively seeking alternative employment. Factors associated with turnover intentions among doctors were low job satisfaction score (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95, 0.99), aged 40 years old or less (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.74, 4.75), being male (OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.54, 7.03), being single (OR = 5.0; 95% CI: 2.61, 9.75), being threatened (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.80, 6.69), internally displaced (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.43, 6.57), having a perception of unsafe medical practice (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.86, 9.21), working more than 40 h per week, (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.27, 4.03), disagreement with the way manager handles staff (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.03), being non-specialist, (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.08, 7.13), and being employed in the government sector only (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.82).
Conclusion
The high-turnover intention among Iraqi doctors is significantly associated with working and security conditions. An urgent and effective strategy is required to prevent doctors’ exodus.
developing countries, including Malaysia. The aim of this study is to develop the Malaysian Diagnosis Related Group
(MY-DRG) case-mix pharmacy service weight in University Kebangsaan Malaysia-Medical Center (UKMMC) by
identifying the actual cost of pharmacy services by MY-DRG groups in the hospital.
Methods:All patients admitted to UKMMC in 2011 were recruited in this study. Combination of Step-down and
Bottom-up costing methodology has been used in this study. The drug and supplies cost; the cost of staff; the
overhead cost; and the equipment cost make up the four components of pharmacy. Direct costing approach has
been employed to calculate Drugs and supplies cost from electronic-prescription system; and the inpatient pharmacy
staff cost, while the overhead cost and the pharmacy equipments cost have been calculated indirectly from MY-DRG
data base. The total pharmacy cost was obtained by summing the four pharmacy components’ cost per each MY-DRG.
The Pharmacy service weight of a MY-DRG was estimated by dividing the average pharmacy cost of the investigated
MY-DRG on the average of a specified MY-DRG (which usually the average pharmacy cost of all MY-DRGs).
Results:Drugs and supplies were the main component (86.0%) of pharmacy cost compared o overhead cost centers
(7.3%), staff cost (6.5%) and pharmacy equipments (0.2%) respectively. Out of 789 inpatient MY-DRGs case-mix groups,
450 (57.0%) groups were utilized by the UKMMC. Pharmacy service weight has been calculated for each of these
450 MY-DRGs groups. MY-DRG case-mix group of Lymphoma & Chronic Leukemia group with severity level three
(C-4-11-III) has the highest pharmacy service weight of 11.8 equivalents to average pharmacy cost of RM 5383.90. While
the MY-DRG case-mix group for Circumcision with severity level one (V-1-15-I) has the lowest pharmacy service weight
of 0.04 equivalents to average pharmacy cost of RM 17.83.
Conclusion:A mixed approach which is based partly on top-down and partly on bottom up costing methodology has
been recruited to develop MY-DRG case-mix pharmacy service weight for 450 groups utilized by the UKMMC in 2011
survey was conducted among 340 outpatients aged between 13 and 80 years after successful clinical consultations and treatment
acquirements using convenience sampling at the outpatient medical care of Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital (HTAR), Malaysia,
being the country’s busiest medical outpatient facility. A survey that consisted of sociodemography, socioeconomic, and health
characteristics and the validated Short-Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18) scale were used. Patient satisfaction was
the highest in terms of service factors or tangible priorities, particularly “technical quality” and “accessibility and convenience,” but
satisfaction was low in terms of service orientation of doctors, particularly the “time spent with doctor,” “interpersonal manners,”
and “communication” during consultations. Gender, income level, and purpose of visit to the clinic were important correlates of
patient satisfaction. Effort to improve service orientation among doctors through periodical professional development programs at
hospital and national level is essential to boost the country’s health service satisfaction.
practice (KAP) of a Case-mix and Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system questionnaire.
Methods: A sample of 238 health care providers selected conveniently from three public hospitals in
Turkey was enrolled in a cross-sectional study from September 1 until November 30, 2012. The mean age
was 38.63 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.52), ranging from age 21 to 60 years. More than one-half were
males (52.1%), nearly two-fifths were medical doctors (39.9%), one-third were nurses (33.2%), one-sixth
were auxiliary staff (16.4%) and the remaining were coders (10.5%). Only one-third (33.6%) of respondents
attended a workshop or training program in the Case-mix or DRG system. After examining content validity,
factor analysis was conducted, internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha
estimate, and test-retest reliability was evaluated.
Results: The sample adequacy for extraction of the factors was confirmed by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
test (0.915) and the Bartlett test (1052). Factor analysis showed three factors, including attitude (36.43%),
practice (23.39%) and knowledge (17%), with a total variance of 76.82%. The reliability of each section of
the questionnaire was as follows: knowledge (0.963), attitude (0.964) and practice (0.973). Cronbach’s alpha
total was 0.941, which showed excellent internal consistency.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the designed questionnaire provided high construct validity
and reliability, and could be adequately used to measure KAP among health care staff of the Case-mix and
DRG system in Turkey.
can french by Saad Ali Jadoo