Graphene-based wide band semi-flexible array antenna with parasitic patch for smart wireless devices
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2021
In this paper, a semi-flexible 2 × 1 array antenna is proposed with epoxy glass fiber and graphen... more In this paper, a semi-flexible 2 × 1 array antenna is proposed with epoxy glass fiber and graphene as patch and ground, respectively. Microstrip patch antenna with a center parasitic patch of half-wavelength and slot in the radiating patch have been incorporated for the bandwidth enhancement in order of 79.56% (2.21–5.13 GHz). The antenna has an overall size of 0.30λ × 0.24λ at a lower frequency of operation (2.45 GHz). The incorporation of slotted Graphene in radiating element leads to a wideband regime with satisfactory gain values of 2.73 and 3.744 dBi at 2.40 and 4.0 GHz, respectively. Antenna radiation efficiency in the range of 78% with linear polarization makes the antenna appropriate for WLAN band and smart wireless devices application.
The IEEE 802.15.3 is an ad hoc MAC layer suitable for multimedia WPAN applications and a PHY capa... more The IEEE 802.15.3 is an ad hoc MAC layer suitable for multimedia WPAN applications and a PHY capable of data rates in excess of 20 Mbps. In 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, IEEE 802.15.3 specifies data rates up to 55 MBPS. It basically employs an ad hoc PAN topology, with roles for “master” and “slave” devices.In this work, it needs to determine the delay in discovering the devices by Pico Net Controller (PNC) and the most efficient antenna pattern so as to achieve maximum throughput and as a result increase in the QoS. At the beginning of each super-frame, a network beacon is transmitted which carries WPAN-specific parameters, including power management, and information for new devices to join the ad hoc network. PNC sends beacons to various devices and the device, which accepts the beacon, sends an acknowledgment frame to PNC. When the devices are connected to PNC, the piconet is formed through which PNC and devices can communicate with each other. For the performance assessment of the wi...
Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection using Wavelet Transform
Electronic manufacturing industry, the printed circuit board manufacturing is basic requirement. ... more Electronic manufacturing industry, the printed circuit board manufacturing is basic requirement. One of the backbones in electronic manufacturing industry is the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. Due to the human limited resources and speed requirements, manual inspection is ineffective to inspect every printed circuit board. Image difference operation is frequently used in automated printed circuit board (PCB) inspection system as well as in many other image processing applications. This inspection of PCB consists of mainly missing or wrongly placed components in the PCB. If there is any missing electronic component then it is not so damaging the PCB. But if any of the component that can be placed only in one way and has been soldered in other way around, then the same will be damaged and there are chances that other components may also get damaged. To avoid this, a PCB inspection is in demand that may take care of the missing or wrongly placed electronic components. Hence...
Study and Performance Analysis of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Different Modulation for Rayleigh Channel Model
For the advancement of wireless communication systems, methods such as MIMO, OFDM and integrating... more For the advancement of wireless communication systems, methods such as MIMO, OFDM and integrating them together as MIMO-OFDM are very useful. OFDM is used in numerous wireless transmission standards nowadays. In OFDM, high rate data stream is divided into low-rate streams which are transmitted together over a number of subcarriers. A broadband and frequency-selective channel are transformed into a multiplicity of parallel narrow-band single channels by the OFDM modulation. By introducing a guard time in OFDM symbol, the intersymbol interference is eliminated and OFDM symbol is cyclically extended to avoid inter-carrier interference. When OFDM combines with multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver then it results in increased diversity gain as well as in transmission capacity in time-varying and frequency selective channels. Here, performance analysis has been shown on Matlab for Single Input-Single Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Rayleigh Channel Model...
Volume 2, Issue 4 July – August 2013 Page 135 Abstract: Gain flatness is a difficult goal to achi... more Volume 2, Issue 4 July – August 2013 Page 135 Abstract: Gain flatness is a difficult goal to achieve in a system which can be achieved using cascaded EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber amplifier) and EYCDFA (Erbium Ytterbium CoDoped Fiber Amplifier), without the help of external gainshaping and gain-flattening elements in the network. In the applications like WDM transmission systems and all optical self-routed wavelength addressable networks, gain flatness is essential. EDFA have biggest disadvantage in having different gain for different wavelength whereas in Yb codoped EDFAs, the Yb ions absorb most of the pump power and cross correlation between adjacent Yb and Er ions ensures the energy transfer. The introduction of Yb allows for higher Er concentrations, as stated, resulting in higher gain for a given pump level. In this paper, we have achieved flat gain of 36 db with noise figure in the range of 4.0 4.2 db for a 14 meter length and pumped at 980 nm wavelength for EDFA-EYCDFA Cascading ...
A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed flexible dual-band antenna using graphene as conducting material a... more A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed flexible dual-band antenna using graphene as conducting material and Kapton polyimide as a substrate is proposed. The antenna shows increased impedance bandwidth due to the use of CPW-feed having the values of 80.29% (1.64-3.84 GHz) and 6.31% (5.52-5.88 GHz), respectively. The antenna has an overall size of 0.38λ × 0.43λ at center frequency of 3.4 GHz. The proposed flexible antenna has gain values of 1.82 dBi and 1.68 dBi with efficiency values more than 86% which makes the antenna commercially viable for smart wireless products having space constraints.
Image processing requires extensive computation and usually done on Personal Computer or CPU. Due... more Image processing requires extensive computation and usually done on Personal Computer or CPU. Due to its sequential processing method of Image processing or CPU task takes long time to get desire output. However FPGAs can be one of the options to speed up image processing without increasing the clock speed. One of the main features of FPGA is allowing parallel processing which speed up the processing of Image and get desire output in limited time-bound. In this paper, Digilent Nexys 4 XC7A100T-1CSG324C FPGA is used to implement the edge detection operation on image. The Sobel algorithm is used to detect the edge in an image and is implemented on FPGA using Hardware Description Language (VHDL).
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2015
Many techniques are used in MIMO for various purposes, such as SM (spatial multiplexing), SD (spa... more Many techniques are used in MIMO for various purposes, such as SM (spatial multiplexing), SD (spatial diversity) and antenna beam forming. Among them spatial multiplexing is used in MIMO for accommodating high data-rates applications. In, SM, independent information sequences called as layers are simultaneously transmitted from independent antennas. So, the overall bit-rate compared to single antenna system is thus largely enhanced without requiring extra bandwidth or extra transmission power. However during transmission through channel, individual layers are overlying with each other and MSI (multi stream interference) will occurs at the receiver. So, it is very difficult to obtain intended symbol from the bunch of streams. To solve out this problem of MSI various approaches have been proposed, which provides efficient approximate solution of the detection problem at receiver. Such as zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE), successive interference cancellation (SIC), Ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC). In this paper error performance of these SM detection schemes are investigated. They are compared on the basis of their BER performance.
Effect of Different Pumping Schemes of Edfa and Its Performance Ratings Based on Various Parameters
Simulation of three pumping schemes of Erbium Dopped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) ; bi directional , co... more Simulation of three pumping schemes of Erbium Dopped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) ; bi directional , co-directional, and counter directional, have been done. Gain and Noise Figure of 14 metre EDFA at -14dBm input signal power have been compared under different pumping schemes. 980 nm pumping wavelength is used. Relationship between output optical power 9 dBm) and input pump power under different pumping schemes also obtained. For simulation of optical link licence version of OPTSIM 5.00 is used.
Comparison of Performance Ratings of EDFA and EYCDFA Based on Effect of Different Pumping Schemes
Abstract. The paper describes comparison between two optical amplifiers Erbium Doped Fiber Amplif... more Abstract. The paper describes comparison between two optical amplifiers Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and Erbium Ytterbium Co-doped Fiber Amplifier (EYCDFA) of their different performance parameters Gain, Noise figure and Output optical power. Simulation ...
Phase Sensitive Two Pump Optical Parametric Amplifier Using Non linear Single Mode Fiber
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2011
An application of two pump optical parametric amplifier using non linear single mode fiber in opt... more An application of two pump optical parametric amplifier using non linear single mode fiber in optical link has been presented. By controlling relative phase difference between two‐pump power, amplification gain of optical parametric amplifier can be controlled. The effects of ...
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Papers by Ronak Vashi