Papers by Madridge Journals

International Journal of Cosmology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2020
It is widely recognized significant parts of leading-edge physics are at an impasse. Perhaps it i... more It is widely recognized significant parts of leading-edge physics are at an impasse. Perhaps it is time to re-evaluate long-standing inconsistencies and assumptions that have become dogma but are erroneous and blocking progress. Newtonʼs gravitational constant GN is assumed a natural constant, having originated via Newtonʼs notion of gravity as radial force acting on mass in flat observer space. But Einstein showed gravity due to curved space time with “mass” dimensionally c2 remote from the observer energy domain. Dirac stated (elementary) particles are “no more than electromagnetic energy localized in observer space”. This suggests gravity is emergent at the particle scale by spacetime curved in three dimensions. But Newtonʼs assumed radial force is consistent only with spacetime curvature in the two dimensions orthogonal to the radial, so how can GN be fundamental? Do the different dimensionalities of Newtonʼs and Einsteinʼs theories relate to the Dark Matter issue? Describing th...

Madridge Journal of Immunology, 2019
Background: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis comprises microscop... more Background: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis comprises microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and eosinophilic GPA (EGPA). Major target antigens of ANCA associated with vasculitis are myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3). MPO-ANCA is related to MPA and EGPA, and PR3-ANCA is the marker antibody in GPA. Objective: We aim to report the clinical-immunological characteristics of 92 patients with positive ANCA vasculitis Patients and Methods: 92 patients (64 Female et 28 male), with ANCA vasculitis according to the Chapel Hill classification. ANCA was performed by indirect immunofluorescence, supplemented by immune dot to determine their specificity MPO/PR3. Results: The mean age of patients was 51 years, the diagnosis was: 14 cases of GPA, 21 cases of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 04 cases of EGPA, 53 subjects had signs of overlap between the GPA and MPA. The clinical picture was dominated by renal disease followed by lung disease and rheumatologic signs. Some patients had cardiac involvement. 71 patients had p-ANCA (77, 2%), of which 43 was anti-MPO specificity (46.7%), 21 patients had c-ANCA (22.8%), including 9 with a specific anti-PR3 (98%), 40 patients showed no 2 searched specificities (43.4%). Conclusion: ANCA vasculitis is rare, clinical and immunological spectrum is very heterogeneous. The demonstration of ANCA directed visa -vis PR3 and MPO specific as an aid in the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis

Madridge Journal of Nursing, Aug 24, 2017
Diabetes has been among the leading causes of mortality, morbidity and disability around the worl... more Diabetes has been among the leading causes of mortality, morbidity and disability around the world. Literature indicates that patient education is vital for diabetes control and management. However, research has shown that nurses' (who are at the forefront of care) knowledge of diabetes is variable and not sufficient in the researched populations. This study sought to identify and describe the level of diabetes knowledge and the management of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemiaamong nursing staff of a tertiary teaching hospital in South Australia. A descriptive study design was used with structured observation to gather data on blood glucose monitoring practice and a survey to obtain information on the level of knowledge of diabetes as data collection methods. A convenience sample of nurses, who were directly involved in the provision of care for diabetic patients was observed during blood glucose monitoring and were given a questionnaire to be completed. Approval for the study was gained from the hospital's Research Ethics Committee. The observation checklist and the survey questionnaire were scored by hand and entered into SPSS and reviewed for data entry accuracy. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Non-parametric statistics were used to compare the knowledge scores between the mentioned groups since the data were not normally distributed. Pearson product-moment coefficient was used to describe the strength and direction of correlation between selected variables. Twenty nurses completed the questionnaire and 32 nurses were observed during their practice. The results of this study showed that the demographic data were not correlated with higher knowledge scores or higher observation scores. However, a statistically significant, positive correlation was found between hospital accreditation for blood glucose monitoring and practices score. It is recommended that this study be replicated in other units of the hospital to see whether the same results could be achieved.

Madridge Journals, Dec 18, 2020
It is widely recognized significant parts of leading-edge physics are at an impasse. Perhaps it i... more It is widely recognized significant parts of leading-edge physics are at an impasse. Perhaps it is time to re-evaluate long-standing inconsistencies and assumptions that have become dogma but are erroneous and blocking progress. Newtonʼs gravitational constant GN is assumed a natural constant, having originated via Newtonʼs notion of gravity as radial force acting on mass in flat observer space. But Einstein showed gravity due to curved space time with “mass” dimensionally c2 remote from the observer energy domain. Dirac stated (elementary) particles are “no more than electromagnetic energy localized in observer space”. This suggests gravity is emergent at the particle scale by spacetime curved in three dimensions. But Newtonʼs assumed radial force is consistent only with spacetime curvature in the two dimensions orthogonal to the radial, so how can GN be fundamental? Do the different dimensionalities of Newtonʼs and Einsteinʼs theories relate to the Dark Matter issue?
Describing the electron as a photon in a relativistic quantum loop localized by curved spacetime enables derivation of an expression for GN giving a value within the empirical uncertainty. The electron is posited as relativistic electromagnetic energy in dynamic equilibrium between circumferential metric tension at the Strong Force scale and radial electrostatic force, satisfying the Planck “Force Equality” premise. As historically long suspected GN contains a numerical factor of c4, derived from the cgs units, in which it was first measured, and a relativistic factor, α-4/3, which move the Planck scale into exact correspondence with the electron parameters. General Relativity is shown a fundamental femto-scale theory where the strong force in a metric curved at the particle scale is manifest in observer space reduced by the classical “Large Number” of 5.7x1044 and is evident as gravity.
The expression obtained for GN is supported by deriving the MOND constant and the observed flat galactic star rotation velocity curves.

Madridge Publishers, Nov 13, 2020
Tresino formation plays an important role in determining the composition of the universe from lat... more Tresino formation plays an important role in determining the composition of the universe from late in the early Universe until now. This letter presents a simplified version of our Baryon Phase Transition cosmology to clarify how the composition evolved to become what it is. There are still many more questions about the Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC) than have been clearly answered. Alternative theories, like that of my late colleague (John Reitz) and me, donʼt seem to have a chance of even being given an honest reading by cosmologists, let alone being thoughtfully considered. This, even though our theory is unique in that it presents cosmological physics that shows how the two major “dark components” arose and why there are no “missing baryons” only hidden ones. This letter focusses upon these problems and its implications for astrophysical observations.

Madridge Publishers, Aug 31, 2020
The asymmetric cosmic time is a logical consequence of the General Theory of Relativity (GR), if ... more The asymmetric cosmic time is a logical consequence of the General Theory of Relativity (GR), if one demands that it should apply to the entire cosmos. From the simplest cosmological model that is consistent with the ART (Einstein-de Sitter model) thus follows the < Cosmic Time Hypothesis > (CTH), which offers solutions for many unsolved problems of cosmology that the current standard model of cosmology (ɅCDM model) cannot explain. According to the CTH, space, time and matter form a unit and develop evolutionarily according to identical, time-dependent laws. According to the CTH time has neither beginning nor end. The "big bang" disappears into the infinite past, which is why the universe manages without inflation. The accelerated expansion of the universe is also unlikely to occur if the SN-Ia measurement results are interpreted using the CTH. The cosmological constant Ʌ can then be omitted (Ʌ=0) and consequently no "dark energy" is needed. In addition, the CTH also provides interesting results on the topics: Initial conditions for hypotheses, stability of the expanding, flat universe (Ω=1), cosmic energy balance (is there negative energy ?), theory of earth expansion, unification of natural forces, Mach's principle. Should the CTH receive broad experimental confirmation, the GR could be extended to the "Universal Relativity Theory" (UR).
International Journal of Cosmology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2020
Studies have found two differing sets of figures for the Hubble constant without clear direction ... more Studies have found two differing sets of figures for the Hubble constant without clear direction for resolution of that difference. This article offers a direction for reconciling the measurement discrepancy. Research is reviewed and theory is described that indicate the resolution may be found in revisiting how the degree of mass in local environments affects computations. The idea that the expansion rate of the universe is invariably uniform is discounted, to be replaced by a range of figures depending on the mass density of the local environment underlying the measurement.

International Journal of Cosmology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2021
This paper discusses the implications of the recently-identified composite particle (the tresino ... more This paper discusses the implications of the recently-identified composite particle (the tresino and its formation energy) on the unexplained heating and eruptions in the solar corona. As early as the 1990s, during discussions about energy production in the early universe, my late colleague John Reitz and I had uncovered the possibility of a new particle (i.e., a previously overlooked composite particle) in the early years of the development of atomic and nuclear physics. We felt that this oversight would have manifested itself in observations in various physical problems regarding energy generation. The formation of this composite particle, which we named the tresino, would result in the release of a significant amount of “binding” energy. Thereafter our research focussed on the implications of the energy released from the earth [1] and the implications relating to the energy in the Early Universe.

International Journal of Cosmology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2021
In this article, main parameters of exoplanets and their host stars, including mass, orbital peri... more In this article, main parameters of exoplanets and their host stars, including mass, orbital period, semi-major axis, density, etc., are used to analyze their physical properties. When the planet density is plot versus the semi-major axis for all available exoplanets, it is found that no obvious correlation could be observed. We then concentrate on multi-object planetary systems, which contain at least five planets. It is found that in some systems, there is an obvious positive correlation between the planet density and the semi-major axis, while others show no correlation or even a negative correlation between them. These two kinds of planetary systems seem to have different formation route. Especially, the latter group of planetary systems may have experienced some perturbations. Our study offers a closer look at the connections between exoplanets main parameters and their formation history.

Int J Cosmol Astron Astrophys, 2021
Presented is the remarkable story of how the energy of the Universe is continuously replenished. ... more Presented is the remarkable story of how the energy of the Universe is continuously replenished. The elements of the mechanism were developed over the past 20 years, have now been assembled together into what is being called a Mainspring object and is being presented here for the first time. From an unprecedented and unique perspective, the article delves into the Mainspring object (somewhat analogous to a nonsingular black hole) and its four functional components: (1) The key component is the Blueshifting mechanism. Applicable to the Mainspring's surface-trapped photons and neutrinos, this is the process of energy generation by velocity differential propagation of radiation. (2) The conversion component. Infalling mass transforms to pure energy. (3) The Primary radiation component. It is the ejection of amplified energy and the energy derived from mass infall. (4) The heretofore unrecognized component. Following logically from the defined principle of physicality, any excess mass acquired by the Mainspring object leads to mass extinction at the core-a process of mass destruction by aether deprivation. The operation of the Mainspring object presents science with a supreme advantage. Unlike the situation plaguing 20 th-century black-hole theory, nowhere is there a breakdown of the underlying physics. Moreover, it opens the door to a cosmology with no initial-conditions problem, no end-of-the-universe predicament, and no ultimatesource-of-energy mystery.
International Journal of Cosmology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2021
This article describes a new theory formulated to improve our understanding of cosmological pheno... more This article describes a new theory formulated to improve our understanding of cosmological phenomena. First, an enumeration is offered of shortcomings of current cosmological theories. Second, the components of the new theory are delineated. Third, the theory's explanations of poorly understood cosmological phenomena are presented. Finally, numerous testable predictions are described that differentiate the theory from existing theories.
Madridge Journal of Clinical Research, 2017

Madridge J Bioinform Syst Biol., 2019
Superstatistics is said to be a superposition contained in two different statistics relevant to t... more Superstatistics is said to be a superposition contained in two different statistics relevant to those non-equilibrium systems that contain intensive parameters fluctuations and a stationary state. In most cases when dealing with superstatistics, we usually mean those non-equilibrium systems that contain complex dynamics. Some considered quantities include chemical potential, temperature or energy dissipation which is usually measured on a large scale. The measurement of the above quantities will depend on different statistical properties portrayed by them. The results obtained according to the fluctuation shown can be mechanical descriptions that are different according to elective statistics. The purpose of this paper is to investigate superstatistics of type B as well as to generalise this type when the density distribution is unknown. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo has been applied to cover the problem of unknown distribution or not easy to sample from.
Madridge J Bioinform Syst Biol., 2019
In this paper, we discuss the analytical expressions of velocity and heat transfer for a boundary... more In this paper, we discuss the analytical expressions of velocity and heat transfer for a boundary layer flow with thermal radiation past a moving vertical porous plate. The governing non-linear differential equations are solved analytically using Homotopy analysis method. The results are presented as velocity, temperature, local wall shear stress and wall heat transfer rate profiles various values of parameter involving in the problem. Our analytical results are compared with the previous work and a good agreed is observed.
Madridge J Bioinform Syst Biol., 2019
To alter the hue of an image in real-time to correct color blindness using a mobile application.

Int J Biochem Pharmacol., 2019
The effect of the inhibition of the resorptive activity of osteoclastic cells induced by bisphosp... more The effect of the inhibition of the resorptive activity of osteoclastic cells induced by bisphosphonate treatment on the primary spongiosa derived from the calcified cartilage of the growth plate was studied. We focused our attention on the primary spongiosa because it is the initial trabecular bone network that is first formed directly from growth plate mineralized cartilaginous septa. The study was carried out in male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 35 days, coinciding with the prepubertal growth spurt, a stage characterized by the highest values for growth rate. Animals were classified in two groups, controls and rats treated with clodronate 60 mg/kg/day. Body weights and tibial length were measured. The rate of longitudinal bone growth was obtained by calceine labelling and the height of the growth plate cartilage was measured. Histochemical analysis included Alcian blue staining, detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatise (TRAP) activity, von Kossa staining for mineralization and immunolocalization of proliferating cells. Microscopic examination revealed numerous tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells at the chondroosseous junction and associated with subchondral trabeculae in control rat and that clodronate treatment induced a marked reduction of these cells. Clodronate-treated rats presented thinner subchondral trabeculae that were more irregularly oriented and decreased cell proliferation in the primary spongiosa. Results obtained showed that changes induced by clodronate treatment has little effect on the activity of the growth plate cartilage, without a significant effect on longitudinal bone growth even at doses much higher than those used in clinical practice.
Int J Biotechnol Recent Adv. , 2021
The Indian subcontinent represents one of the richest diverse genetic resources. Of the estimated... more The Indian subcontinent represents one of the richest diverse genetic resources. Of the estimated 250,000 species of flowering plants at global level, about 3,000 are regarded as food sources, in which only about 200 species have been domesticated. Global diversity in vegetable crops is estimated at about 400 species, with about 80 species of major and minor vegetables reported to have originated in India. However, with exploitation and overuse of these plant species the diverse genetic resources are declining at a fast pace. Overgrazing, deforestation, and over exploitation of native resources under range situations has exploited biodiversity at certain level which is clearly be observed with change in climate and global warming.

Int J Aeronaut Aerosp Eng., 2019
This research presents the development of a bioinspired flapping flight system and a characteriza... more This research presents the development of a bioinspired flapping flight system and a characterization of its performance when operating in turbulent airflow conditions. This system consists of a structure installed within wind tunnel for two dimensions and three dimensions of a Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicles (FWMAV). Each airfoil or wing is able to deform into a classical flow pattern is the von Krmn vortex street that can form as fluid flows past an object. These vortices may induce vibrations in the object. This problem involves a fluid structure interaction (FSI) where the large deformation affects the flowpath. The exert load is predominately performed in the trailing edge of the airfoil or on the tip of the wing, and the reaction forces are generated by the feathers located at the leading edge. For this study, the focus presents a benchmark case of the NACA0012 and s1223 airfoils with the trailing edge flap design operating in a turbulent airflow. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to model the flow field and the fluid-structure interactions using Direct Numerical Simulation. Additionally, the airfoils or wings' aerodynamic performance is comparatively analyzed between time-dependent and FSI turbulence model. This paper discusses how these two air foils or wings, and time-dependent FSI turbulent flow simulation results can be developed to serve the flapping flight for unmanned aerial system.
Int J Aeronaut Aerosp Eng., 2019
As the use of UAVs become an essential part of human exploration across the globe, GPS scarce env... more As the use of UAVs become an essential part of human exploration across the globe, GPS scarce environments like the polar regions present a challenge for UAV navigation due to ionospheric scintillation and poor position satellite geometry making it hard to regularly obtain reliable GPS data during navigation. To overcome this challenge, this paper will evaluate and compare the use of simple dead reckoning method vs dead reckoning based on the use of inertial navigation sensor INS/GPS based on Kalman Filter for UAV navigation in the polar regions. This research paper will evaluate and compare the errors associated with the Navigation parameters position, heading using both methods while in the geographic coordinate system reference frame.

Int J Aeronaut Aerosp Eng., 2019
There is a large need for improving aircraft navigation safety, navigation performance in terms o... more There is a large need for improving aircraft navigation safety, navigation performance in terms of time and fuel savings in the Polar Regions. Current UAV navigation systems do not fully support polar navigation. There is also a great need to making the current polar navigation methods less complex to the aircraft crew by making a large portion of the polar navigation process computerized. Current methods still present confusion or require the full attention of the crew when it comes to navigating using true north coordinate system in the Polar Regions. This paper will examine the use of a new coordinate system of piloting a drone in the Polar Regions. It will first provide an overview of the current state and limitations of the drone navigation in high latitude regions. This study is limited to the use of UAVs in the high latitude regions. To overcome the challenges of true north coordinate system over the polar region and make navigation safer and reliable, this paper focuses on the use of the equatorial coordinate system as an alternative to the use of true north based geographic coordinate system.
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Papers by Madridge Journals
Describing the electron as a photon in a relativistic quantum loop localized by curved spacetime enables derivation of an expression for GN giving a value within the empirical uncertainty. The electron is posited as relativistic electromagnetic energy in dynamic equilibrium between circumferential metric tension at the Strong Force scale and radial electrostatic force, satisfying the Planck “Force Equality” premise. As historically long suspected GN contains a numerical factor of c4, derived from the cgs units, in which it was first measured, and a relativistic factor, α-4/3, which move the Planck scale into exact correspondence with the electron parameters. General Relativity is shown a fundamental femto-scale theory where the strong force in a metric curved at the particle scale is manifest in observer space reduced by the classical “Large Number” of 5.7x1044 and is evident as gravity.
The expression obtained for GN is supported by deriving the MOND constant and the observed flat galactic star rotation velocity curves.