Papers by Luis R Izquierdo
La economía artificial es uno de los métodos o enfoques de investigación para el estudio de siste... more La economía artificial es uno de los métodos o enfoques de investigación para el estudio de sistemas socioeconómicos complejos con mayor crecimiento durante los últimos años. Este artículo presenta una visión crítica sobre sus características, su potencial y los riesgos relativos al uso de esta metodología. Para ello, encontramos útil relacionar y comparar a la economía artificial con la economía teórica más tradicional. Desde nuestro análisis, la economía teórica y la economía artificial comparten los mismos objetivos, presentan menos diferencias metodológicas de las que a primera vista pudiera parecer, y sus aproximaciones son sin duda complementarias.
Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 2012
Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2013
In this paper, we propose an industrial dynamics model to analyze the interactions between the pr... more In this paper, we propose an industrial dynamics model to analyze the interactions between the price-performance sensitivity of demand, the sources of innovation in a sector, and certain features of the corresponding pattern of industrial transformation. More precisely, we study market concentration in different technological regimes and demand conditions. The computational analysis of our model shows that market demand plays a key role in industrial dynamics. Thus, although for intermediate values of the price-performance sensitivity, our results show the wellknown relationships in the literature between technological regimes and industry transformation, we find surprising outcomes when demand is strongly biased either towards price or performance. Hence, for different technological regimes, a high performance sensitivity of demand tends to concentrate the market. On the other hand, under conditions of high price sensitivity, the industry generally tends to atomize. That is to say, for extreme values of the price-performance sensitivity of demand, we find concentrated or atomized market structures no matter the technological regime we are in. These results highlight the importance of considering the role of demand in the analysis of industrial dynamics.
Edutec Revista Electronica De Tecnologia Educativa, Jul 20, 2009
Estetrabajopresentaunaherramientadidácticadiseñadaparafacilitarlarealizacióndeprácticas participa... more Estetrabajopresentaunaherramientadidácticadiseñadaparafacilitarlarealizacióndeprácticas participativasconalumnosvíaInternet.Laherramientasecentraenelaprendizajedeconceptosy problemaspropiosdelasinteraccionessociales.
Research from the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego) offers a rich ethnographic and historical rec... more Research from the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego) offers a rich ethnographic and historical record produced by the late inclusion of Tierra del Fuego in the industrial world (the Beagle Channel was discovered by R. Fitz-Roy in 1830). This is an interesting frame for using new techniques (social simulation by Agent Based Modelling (ABM)) to generate new hypotheses in archaeology. In this case, the hypothesis is focused on the role of social cooperation in Yámana hunter-fisher-gatherer society
We propose a model of technological transitions based on two different types of innovations. Bran... more We propose a model of technological transitions based on two different types of innovations. Branching innovations refer to technological improvements along a particular path, while recombinant innovations represent fusions of multiple paths. Recombinant innovations create "short-cuts" which reduce switching costs allowing agents to escape a technological lock-in. As a result, recombinant innovations speed up technological progress allowing transitions that are impossible with only branching innovations. Our model replicates some stylized facts of technological change, such as technological lockin, experimental failure, punctuated change and irreversibility. Furthermore, an extensive simulation experiment suggests that there is an optimal rate of innovation, which is strongly correlated with the number of recombination innovations. This underlines the pivotal role of technological variety as a seed for recombinant innovation leading to technological transitions.
RELIEVE - Revista Electrónica de Investigación y Evaluación Educativa, 2014
Neurocirugía, 2007
Neurocirugía publishes a printed edition for subscribers, and also an electronic edition which is... more Neurocirugía publishes a printed edition for subscribers, and also an electronic edition which is available online free of charge. The coexistence of these two formats raises some issues regarding their justification and their future evolution, e.g. why does a subscription-based journal offer free online access? Would it be wise to charge for -or somewhat limit-the electronic access to the Journal? How is the Internet changing the benefits to society that the Journal provides? Will the printed and the electronic edition of the Journal continue to coexist? This paper provides some answers and reflections on these questions. Many of our considerations are based on ideas that have been presented and discussed in a series of editorials in Neurocirugía (see Neurocirugía 17 (2), 2006); in this paper we reconsider, complement, and rearrange previous arguments to address the issues mentioned above. Based on an analysis of economic costs and of all the stakeholders involved (authors, readers, the Journal, the Spanish Society of Neurosurgery, and society as a whole), we justify the present coexistence of the two publishing formats, defend free online access, and provide our view on the expected evolution of the Journal. While we focus primarily on Neurocirugía, most of our reflections can be carried over to other scientific journals.
Empiria. Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales, 2008
Journal of Arid Environments, 2009
While research-article impact is routinely judged by citation counts, there is recognition that a... more While research-article impact is routinely judged by citation counts, there is recognition that a much broader view is needed to better judge the true value of citations. This paper applies a developing framework based on the application of network theory, where the network consists of journal articles on arid-systems research which are listed on ISI Web-of-Science. Keywords were used to identify articles related to arid-systems research. Linkages between articles were defined by citations, and we bound our analysis by focusing on how the Australian subsample contributes to the international arid-systems literature. The analysis showed that impact based on how articles contribute structurally to the flow of knowledge within the literature offers an alternative metric to citation counts. The analysis also presented a partitioned view of the Australian arid literature. This showed that there exists some citationbased structure within the literature, and we showed this structure better describes the literature than a partition based on which journal articles are published in.
El argumento clásico para explicar los fallos de mercado causados por incertidumbre en la calidad... more El argumento clásico para explicar los fallos de mercado causados por incertidumbre en la calidad está ligado a la hipótesis de información asimétrica, es decir, asume la existencia de indicadores fi ables de calidad que sólo son observados por una de las partes (comprador o vendedor). Este artículo ilustra cómo el fallo de mercado puede producirse incluso en ausencia de información asimétrica. En un producto con calidad variable e incierta, la hipótesis de que los compradores estiman la calidad de un producto basándose en la calidad observada en sus compras anteriores resulta sufi ciente (bajo condiciones muy generales) para que se produzcan pérdidas de efi ciencia y caídas en los precios y en las ventas. Discutimos la robustez de nuestros resultados ante variaciones en el sistema de estimación de la calidad y ante variaciones en el mecanismo de mercado.
En este artículo * ofrecemos los principales resultados del estudio de la red de coautorías del 2... more En este artículo * ofrecemos los principales resultados del estudio de la red de coautorías del 2sd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management -CIO2008 celebrado en Burgos. Formalizamos la red a partir de los datos del libro de actas y analizamos sus principales características estadísticas y estructurales que nos permiten inferir con rigor algunas propiedades de la red social de investigadores del área de Ingeniería de Organización en España. Este trabajo forma parte de una línea de investigación sobre redes sociales que pretende estudiar y formalizar las redes españolas de I+D+I.
To explain the dynamics of technological transitions, we develop an agent based model with networ... more To explain the dynamics of technological transitions, we develop an agent based model with network externalities and two different types of innovations. Recombinant innovations create short-cuts which speed up technological progress, allowing transitions that are impossible with only branching innovations. Our model replicates some stylized facts of technological transitions, such as punctuated equilibria, path dependency and technological lock-in. We find analytically a critical mass of innovators for successful innovations and technological transitions. Recombinant innovation counters network externalities, and calls for technological diversity as a key feature of technological transitions. An extensive simulation experiment shows that stronger network externalities are responsible for S-shaped utility and technological quality curves, indicating that a threshold of innovation probability is necessary to boost innovation. We finally introduce a policy view and interpret the innovation probability as the effort to foster technological change. A welfare measure including innovation costs presents an optimal interior value of innovation effort. The optimal innovation effort is strongly correlated with the number of recombinations, which further indicates how recombinant innovation is important in achieving a sustained technological progress at relatively low costs.
En este artículo presentamos un Laboratorio de Juegos en Internet, una herramienta docente especi... more En este artículo presentamos un Laboratorio de Juegos en Internet, una herramienta docente especialmente diseñada para la realización de juegos experimentales que aprovecha las posibilidades de las nuevas tecnologías. Los juegos que proponemos son especialmente interesantes en tanto que permiten aprender, mediante experimentación, conceptos tan importantes como los dilemas sociales, la cooperación, la eficiencia de Pareto o la gestión de los recursos comunes, y además ayudan a promover la participación del alumno en el desarrollo de muchas asignaturas de la Ingeniería de Organización.
Estetrabajopresentaunaherramientadidácticadiseñadaparafacilitarlarealizacióndeprácticas participa... more Estetrabajopresentaunaherramientadidácticadiseñadaparafacilitarlarealizacióndeprácticas participativasconalumnosvíaInternet.Laherramientasecentraenelaprendizajedeconceptosy problemaspropiosdelasinteraccionessociales.
Understanding Complex Systems, 2013
This chapter shows how computer simulation and mathematical analysis can be used together to unde... more This chapter shows how computer simulation and mathematical analysis can be used together to understand the dynamics of computer models. For this purpose, we show that it is useful to see the computer model as a particular implementation of a formal model in a certain programming language. This formal model is the abstract entity which is defined by the input-output relation that the computer model executes, and can be seen as a function that transforms probability distributions over the set of possible inputs into probability distributions over the set of possible outputs.
Understanding Complex Systems, 2013
Given the complex and exploratory nature of many agent-based models, checking that the model perf... more Given the complex and exploratory nature of many agent-based models, checking that the model performs in the manner intended by its designers is a very challenging task. This chapter helps the reader to identify some of the possible types of error and artefact that may appear in the different stages of the modelling process. It will also suggest some activities that can be conducted to detect, and hence avoid, each type.
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Papers by Luis R Izquierdo