Papers by Jan van Doesburg
Een doosje voor devotie, 2025
GEEN 3 2025 Geen gezicht inhoud 4 | Een nieuw gezicht Het was geen gezicht, dat gezins portret va... more GEEN 3 2025 Geen gezicht inhoud 4 | Een nieuw gezicht Het was geen gezicht, dat gezins portret van Maria Hoeufftde Witt. Letterlijk, want de welgestelde dame zelf had geen gezicht meer. 8 | Polleke In Breda is de Grote Kerk in restauratie. Voor bezoekers liggen er nu oude bouwstenen in opgesteld. Maar wat doet die kat daar in de vitrine? 12 | Dankzij de bewoners Het culturele erfgoed gaat meer leven als de bewoners zich inzetten voor hun beschermde stads of dorpsgezicht. Een stappenplan helpt daar verder bij. 28 | Agnus Dei, wol en was Laatst vond detectoramateur Axel Vroling een doosje van zilver. Hoe oud is het? En wat zit er precies in? Onderzoek levert een intrigerend antwoord op.
Het beeld van de wolf was door de eeuwen heen sterk aan verandering onderhevig. 2 Zoals we hiervo... more Het beeld van de wolf was door de eeuwen heen sterk aan verandering onderhevig. 2 Zoals we hiervoor zagen had het dier in de zestiende eeuw een negatief imago. Maar dat was lang niet altijd zo. In alle werelddelen waar de wolf voorkomt, figureert het dier in de mythologie, religie en folklore. In verschillende gevallen speelt de wolf een belangrijke rol in de 'oorsprongsmythos' van een volk, zowel in Azië, het Midden-Oosten, het mediterrane gebied als de Amerika's. Vrijwel altijd heeft de wolf een positieve functie, bijvoorbeeld als godheid, rijdier en boodschapper van de goden of helper bij de jacht. Dat laatste lijkt onder andere te kunnen worden afgeleid uit een tekening van een wolf in zwart en oker in de grot van Font-de-Gaume in de Dordogne. De tekening wordt tussen 16.000 en 13.000 voor Christus gedateerd. In de grot staan ongeveer vijfhonderd dieren afgebeeld waarop werd gejaagd, zoals mammoeten, hertachtigen, Europese bizons, paarden en runderen. De wolf is de enige jager. Mogelijk diende de afbeelding voor de mensen als voorbeeld van en succesvolle jager. In de westerse klassieke wereld speelden wolven een belangrijke rol. Grieken en Etrusken kenden verschillende goden die als wolf of met een wolfsvel werden afgebeeld. Ook sjamanen droegen vaak wolfsvellen. De wolf werd door hen vereerd en niet bejaagd. Dat geldt ook voor de Romeinen. In de Romeinse mythologie werden de stichters van de stad Rome, Romulus en Remus, gered en gezoogd door een wolvin. Ook in de Romeinse religie was een plaats voor de wolf ingeruimd. Het dier wolf was het rijdier en de boodschapper van Mars Spaanse en Staatse troepen (1572/1573, 1579) en in 1595 werd de stad getroffen door een watersnood. Daarnaast stortte de eens bloeiende textielindustrie volledig in. Het gevolg van dit alles was armoede, werkeloosheid en zeer veel ontevredenheid. Er werden zondebokken gezocht voor al deze ellende en gevonden in de vorm van impopulaire personen met een 'slechte reputatie'. Tussen 1591 en 1595 vonden er processen plaats tegen 23 van hekserij verdachte personen, vooral vrouwen, maar ook kinderen en enkele mannen. De aanklachten werden ingediend door mensen die zich door hen benadeeld voelden. De verdachten werd ziekte en dood van mens en dier of het mislukken van de oogst ten laste gelegd. Ze werden verhoord en bekenden, vaak onder tortuur, de meest ongeloofwaardige feiten. Sommige van deze bekentenissen lijken te zijn ontsproten uit de actualiteit. Zo vertelde de dertienjarige Elbert Volckertsz. dat de duivel hem en zijn één jaar oudere broer Hessel had veranderd in 'roode wolfkens' en hun vader Volckert Dircxz. in een 'swarte wolf '. Ze hadden vliegend door de schoorsteen hun huis op 't Nieuweland buiten Amersfoort verlaten, twee ossen doodgebeten en het bloed van de dieren gedronken. De jongere broertjes Gijsbert (negen of tien jaar) en Dirck (acht jaar) en oudere zus Hendrickgen (zeventien jaar) deden vergelijkbare bekentenissen. Ook Volckert bekende onder tortuur zich te kunnen veranderen in een wolf en de duivel te dienen. Maar waarom juist dit gezin? Volckerts vrouw Reijer en schoonmoeder Neel Elberts waren al eerder als heks veroordeeld en ter dood gebracht. In het gebied waar het gezin woonde, hadden verschillende wolvenaanvallen plaats gevonden. Omwonenden meenden zelfs wolven rond hun huis te hebben zien sluipen. Roddels leidden als snel tot een aanklacht en verhoren. De fantasie van de kinderen deed de rest. Volckert en zijn dochter Hendrickgen werden als heks veroordeeld en ter dood gebracht. De overige kinderen werden, omdat ze nog jong waren, gegeseld en in de gevangenis opgesloten. Een droevige geschiedenis met een vreselijke afloop. Deze slechte reputatie van wolf gaat terug tot in de middeleeuwen. In de christelijke wereld werd de wolf met de duivel geassocieerd. De wolf werd gezien als bedreiging voor Jezus Christus, metaforisch vaak afgebeeld als het lam Gods, en het christendom, in de Bijbel soms de kudde van de 'goede herder' genoemd. De wolf kreeg ook een menselijke gedaante in de vorm van de weerwolf. Kort na het jaar 1000 beschreef bisschop Burchhard van Worms in zijn boek Corrector sive medicus al over weerwolven. Ook in latere kerkelijke publicaties wordt een verband tussen wolf en duivel gelegd, zoals in De gesel der heksen (Flagellum Maleficorum) uit 1460 en De Heksenhamer (Malleus Maleficarum) uit 1487. Vanaf de zestiende eeuw geloofde men dat heksen op wolven naar de heksensabbat gingen. Hierdoor versmolten ideeën over wolven en weerwolven met die over hekserij. 1 Deze relatie zien we ook terug in de hierboven genoemde Amersfoortse heksenprocessen. Het volksgeloof in heksen en weerwolven was hardnekkig en hield in sommige streken tot in de negentiende eeuw stand.
endracht maakt macht Vondsten van het in 1665 gezonken oorlogsschip de Eendracht in Diepwater Ankergebied 2 in de Noordzee
This report presents finds found by divers in the North Sea. The pewters spoons, bullets, clay pi... more This report presents finds found by divers in the North Sea. The pewters spoons, bullets, clay pipes, wooden an leather objects probably come from the Eendracht. The Eendracht, ship of the Dutch admiral Van Wassenaer Obdam, went down during the Battle of Lowestoft on the 13th of June 1665. The battle took place during the second Anglo-Dutch war (1665-1667). Almost the complet crew went down with the ship, including Van Wassenaer Obdam. One pewter spoon was decorated by its owner who als added his name: Willem Halkeet. Willems family originated from Dunferline in Scotland. He and his brother served in the army of the Dutch Republic as did their father sir John Halkett (1580-1629) before them. They all died in the service of the army of the Dutch Republic. The location of the wreck of the Eendacht is an important lie de memoire and should be protected against natural erosion and human interference
Zoeken op het slagveld Systematische metaaldetectie en een oppervlaktekartering ten zuiden van het Genneperhuis (gemeente Gennep) in juni 2023, 2025
In 2023 a field survey in combination with systematic metaldetecting was carried out south of the... more In 2023 a field survey in combination with systematic metaldetecting was carried out south of the Genneperhuis in Gennep in the province of Limburg in the Netherlands. Aim was to investigate the effects of plouging the top 15 cm of the subsoil are on the archaeological remains known in this area. Lidar images and archeaological fieldwork show that in this area remains of the Eigthy Years war (1568-1648) are present as well as those for Operation Veritable (1944) are present. The metal finds mainly constist of remains of ammunition and bombs from WWII. Only three lead bullets can be connected to the siege of the Genneperhuis in 1641.
The field survey yielded several flint artefacts, some prehistoric, Roman and Medieval pottery, mainly pottery from the 18th-20th century. In the centre of the research area there is a cluster of Roman and Medieval finds, indicating the presence of an archaeological site. Finds form WWII are widely distributed over the research area. The research shows that the topsoil in (still) contains a lot of archaeological material and that this should be taken into account when managing or developing the area.
Een vracht vol vuilnis Waarderend onderzoek naar een negentiende-eeuws scheepswrak op kavel ZP5-6 te Zeewolde A. Overmeer, M. van der Heiden en J. van Doesburg (red.) Een vracht vol vuilnis Waarderend onderzoek naar een negentiende-eeuws scheepswrak op kavel ZP5-6 te Zeewolde, 2024
This two volume publication deals with the excavation of a wooden ship in Zeewolde in the provinc... more This two volume publication deals with the excavation of a wooden ship in Zeewolde in the province of Flevoland. The ship ship went down in around 1880 in the Zuiderzee, now part of the polders of Flevoland. The 18,5 long and 4,15 m wide ship was devided into three seperate space: a forecastle, a carge hold and a living area. The forecastle was almost completely destroyed by a ditch dug in the 1970ies. That is when the shipwreck was dicovered. In 1982 a small trial excavation was carried out idenitfying the ship as a late 19th century ship carrying town refefuse. In 2019 thre other parts of the ship were excacated by the Culturel Heritage Agency together with amateur archaeologists and students maritime archaeology from different universities in the Netherlands. The excavation results show that the ship had a crew of two. They used the 3x3 m living space for coocking, eating and sleeping. The finds suggest poor livings standards. The refuse consisted of pottery, building materials, glass, charcoal and coces, metal, animal bones, shells, objects of worked bone, wood and cork. Part of it seems to come from quite wealthy households. The rest from a gasworks, buidlingssites, roadsweep and ashbins. Indications for the contents of cesspits are missing. The wreck represents the transport of materials such as peat from the Northern and Eastern part of the Netherlans to towns in the central and western parts. On their returnjourney the ships carried town refuse. This refuse was used to fill in holes where peat was dug out or used in road construction or dikebuilding.
The publication gives insight into the material culture of both rich and poor in the 1870ies and 1880ies.
Laren Schapenkamp; Muiderberg
Deel van een mozaïekvloer met slibversierde vloertegels in Utrecht. Kelder met rechts onderin het... more Deel van een mozaïekvloer met slibversierde vloertegels in Utrecht. Kelder met rechts onderin het 'schrobputje'. foto©C.van Rooijen Foto©Provincie Noord-Holland foto©gemeente Alkmaar Faience kan met 'putto' uit de beerput. Café-restaurant Koekenbier met links de parkeerplaats ( ). foto©gemeente Alkmaar foto©gemeente Alkmaar Het vondstcomplex Olofspoort bevatte huisraad uit de periode 1375-1425. De inhoud van de beerput werd integraal geborgen in bigbags en elders gezeefd.
Van koppen op schotels naar kop-en-schotels. De rol en betekenis van Oranjekeramiek door de eeuwen heen, 2024
This pubication deals with pottery decorated with portraits and symbols connected tot the House o... more This pubication deals with pottery decorated with portraits and symbols connected tot the House of Orange. Members of this family plaid a key role during the Dutch Revolt (1568-1648) and form since 1815 the royal family in the netherlands with king Willem Alexander as our present monarch. From c 1650 so called pottery of the House of Orange was produced depicting their portraits. Soon after this example was followed by English monarchs. The amount of pottery and other parafenalia of the House of Orange fluctuated over time and can be seen as indicator for their popularity, political influence and position in society. This type of pottery is still produced.
Afb. 1.1 De ligging van het onderzoeksgebied en de ligging van de 'kampjes'.
Oude koeien uit de sloot. proefsleuvenonderzoek in 2021 in de Lionerpolder (gemeente Leeuwarden)auw, 2024
publication deals with the research of a area in the province of Friesland (the Netherlands) wit... more publication deals with the research of a area in the province of Friesland (the Netherlands) with archaeological sites dating from the Iron Age to Early Middle Ages located. The aim of this multiannual project is to get insight into the nature and date of these sites and their relation with the former lanscape. The research may lead to protecting the area as a archaeological monument. This year seveal ditches have been excavated showing landuse and the influx of sea water and erosion during the Roman Iron Age .
Messcherp. Een bajonet uit Grave, 2024
This article deals with a WWII dagger with scabbard (M1 Garant rifle) found by Guus Janssen in t... more This article deals with a WWII dagger with scabbard (M1 Garant rifle) found by Guus Janssen in the the summer of 2023 in river Meuse at low water near Grave, the Netherlands. The scabbard bears the name of it s owner: American soldier Manuel D. Orozco of the 504th Infantry regiment of the 82nd Airborne Division. He was one of the troops who took the bridge at Grave in august 1944during Operation Market Garden. On 8 january 1945 Manuel died just 21 years old during fights in Belgium. He was buried on the American cemetery in Margrathen and in 1948 reburied at the Fort Rosecrans national Cemetery in San Diego (California). The find is on display in the Graafs kazemattenmuseum in Grave.
Settlement change across Medieval Europe. Old paradigms and new vistas
RURALIA
The idea that the past was an era with long periods of little or no change is almost certainly fa... more The idea that the past was an era with long periods of little or no change is almost certainly false. Change has always affected human society. Some of the catalysts for change were exogenous and lay in natural transformations, such as climate change or plant and animal diseases. Others came from endogamous processes, such as demographic change and the resulting alterations in demographic pressure. They might be produced by economic changes in the agrarian economy such as crop- or stock-breeding or better agricultural husbandry systems with the resultant greater harvests. Equally, they might be from technological developments in industry and manufacturing affecting traditional forms of production. We should also note changes in ideology within society and even between principal groups, such as secular and ecclesiastical bodies. We need to consider the impact of politics and warfare. These innovations, transmissions and transformations had profound spatial, economic and social impact...
Tijdschrift voor historische geografie, Dec 1, 2022
When the lights go out Lighthouses as an iconic landscape element In September 2021, the cast-iro... more When the lights go out Lighthouses as an iconic landscape element In September 2021, the cast-iron Kijkduin lighthouse near Den Helder, also known as 'Lange Jaap' (or 'Long Jack'), made the news of the day. The news of the lighthouse's imminent risk of collapse drew many reactions from Den Helder residents. The lighthouse turned out to be a landscape icon in the region, which local residents felt strongly connected to. The issues related to Lange Jaap are not an isolated case. Lighthouses are increasingly losing their primary function as beacons for ships. Modern means of navigation are taking over. Therefore, we need a vision on the preservation and redevelopment of this nautical heritage. This article deals with the history of the beacons and lighthouses and their maintenance. It also covers the importance of lighthouses as a striking element in the Dutch coastal landscape over time. In doing so, it becomes clear how lighthouses are connected to the people living in their vicinity and that these beacons of light should be preserved for the future.
Land van melk en honing? : waardestellend archeologisch onderzoek (februari-juli 2006) naar middeleeuwse veenterpen inb de Peizer- en Eeldermaden (gemeente Noordenveld) in het kader van inrichting en beheer van het archeologische monument Peizermaden : Rapportage Archeologische Monumentenzorg 178
RCE-blad 2024-2, 2024
Moats around historical buildings and towns contain a wealth of archaeological material. Before d... more Moats around historical buildings and towns contain a wealth of archaeological material. Before dredging these moats it is important to have insight in the strattigraphical layering of the sediments. Which filling is of a recent date and can be dredged without problems and which can contain important archeological material and should stay intact or be removed under archaeological supervision?. Through auq-lock corings this information can be obtained. On the basis of this information a decision can be made in which cases archaeological research is necessary. Depending on the way dredging is carried out an archaeological stragegy should be chosen. Finds must always be collected stratgigrafically and in a grid of segments . This not only give insight in the date of the use of a moat but can also reveil depostition patterns and the location of specific funtions in buildings such as kitchens als latrines as well as the surrounding landscape. Sometimes interesting finds are dredged up such as a early 19th century Japanese porcelain netsuke in the shape of a monkey found in the moat of castle Marquette in Heemskerk or a musket found in the moat of Het Everloo in Rossum. In other cases archaeologist only can do their research after ammuntion from WWII is removed, such as in the case of the moat of the town of Tiel.
Flotsam, jetsam and lost anchors at Statia’s Roads An archaeological assessment of site SE-504, Oranje Bay, St. Eustatius
From 2 to 21 August 2021, the Cultural Heritage
Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) and the
St. Eus... more From 2 to 21 August 2021, the Cultural Heritage
Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) and the
St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research
(SECAR) conducted an archaeological assessment
at site SE-504, known as the Triple Wreck,
situated 800 metres of the coast in the Oranje
Bay of St. Eustatius. This site, despite being
referred to as a ‘wreck’, primarily consists of an
assemblage of artefacts from the period in
which St. Eustatius was a signifcant trading port.
The project aimed to answer a series of research
questions pertaining to the site.
Site SE-504 is located at a depth of 18 to
19 metres and spans 61 metres in length and
12 metres in width, oriented north to south.
The site’s formation and degradation processes
are infuenced by factors like shipworm activity,
natural disturbances such as storms and hurricanes,
as well as the movements caused by swells and
currents in the bay.
A range of artefacts was discovered,
including potery, glass, metal objects, clay pipe
fragments, stones, wooden items, and even a
rubber object. These artefacts predominantly
date back to the 18th century, with a few from
later centuries. Most likely, these items were
used along the waterfront and were either
discarded or fell from ships in the harbour.
Some artefacts, such as potery, glass, and barrel
hoops, are indicative of ship inventory or cargo.
There are also fragments of clay pipes and a
shoe buckle representing personal belongings.
Iron parts of masts and rudders, gudgeons,
anchors and a sounding lead constitute ship’s
equipment. Ceramic building materials like roof
and foor tiles, as well as bricks, might have
come from buildings along the seafront or
potentially served as cargo or ballast. A cannon
may have fallen from a ship, but most probably
has been re-used as an anchor weight.
The research team determined that the site
holds medium archaeological value. To ensure
the protection and preservation of the artefacts
and remains, the team recommends maintaining
an open pit for divers to explore and enjoy the
site. This area could be managed and monitored
by STENAPA and the diving school ScubAqua.
By educating divers and visitors about the
historical signifcance of the site and implementing
proper monitoring, the site’s value can be
conserved for future generations while ofering
a unique diving experience.
In summary, the archaeological assessment of
the SE-504 site revealed an assortment of
artefacts refecting the vibrant trade and
historical context of St. Eustatius. Despite the
absence of a distinct shipwreck, the artefacts
provide insight into the island’s history during
its prosperous trading era. By establishing
protective measures and educating visitors,
the site’s historical signifcance can be preserved
while ofering an informative and engaging
diving opportunity
Context 11 2.1 Geological and environmental context 11 2.2 Historical context 11 2.3 Archaeologic... more Context 11 2.1 Geological and environmental context 11 2.2 Historical context 11 2.3 Archaeological context 13 3 Objectives and research questions 17 3.1 Objectives 17 3.2 Research questions 17 4 Fieldwork 19 4.1 2021 Fieldwork 19 4.2 Setting and dive conditions 19 4.3 Fieldwork methods and techniques 20 4.3.1 2021 Field school 20 4.
Tower Houses: Myths and Realities, Sterling (Tower Studies 4/5), 2023
This paper adressed brick tower houses and other medieval moated (farm)houses in the central part... more This paper adressed brick tower houses and other medieval moated (farm)houses in the central part of the Netherlands. These houses were not only build by the nobility but also the eccesiastical elite, patricians and rich farmers. The ownership of a brick house, preferably a tower house, was for them a way of expessing not only their social positinion but also their ambition the climb the social ladder and associate themselves with the higher nobility. Their succes depended on their political and social-economical postion and their ability to improve that.
is in het laboratorium van de Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed in Amersfoort een vroegmidde... more is in het laboratorium van de Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed in Amersfoort een vroegmiddeleeuwse urn met inhoud systematisch 'leeg gelepeld'. De urn was enkele weken daarvoor en bloc gelicht in een tuintje op een volkstuinencomplex in Amerongen.
Baggergoud’. Een 16de-eeuwse versierde kruithoorn uit Zuiderwoude, 2023
The article discusses a 16th century powder flask found in Waterland situated north of the city ... more The article discusses a 16th century powder flask found in Waterland situated north of the city of Amsterdam. The antler flask was found many years ago by a lady walking along ditches that had been dug out to remove sludge. The object went with her when se moved to another part of the country and was 'rediscoverd' after her her passing by her son. The flask depicts a man and a a woman opposite each other. The man offers the woman a glass of wine. The couple is surrouded by vine leaves indictating the romantic character of the scene. The flask was produced in soutern Germany during the second half of the 16th century. Flask with a similar image have been found in Amsterdam and Den Bosch. The flask was probably used by a wealthy hunter. The find is donated to the Waterland Museum in Monnickendam and will be displayed among other finds of weaponry from the area.
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Papers by Jan van Doesburg
The field survey yielded several flint artefacts, some prehistoric, Roman and Medieval pottery, mainly pottery from the 18th-20th century. In the centre of the research area there is a cluster of Roman and Medieval finds, indicating the presence of an archaeological site. Finds form WWII are widely distributed over the research area. The research shows that the topsoil in (still) contains a lot of archaeological material and that this should be taken into account when managing or developing the area.
The publication gives insight into the material culture of both rich and poor in the 1870ies and 1880ies.
Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) and the
St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research
(SECAR) conducted an archaeological assessment
at site SE-504, known as the Triple Wreck,
situated 800 metres of the coast in the Oranje
Bay of St. Eustatius. This site, despite being
referred to as a ‘wreck’, primarily consists of an
assemblage of artefacts from the period in
which St. Eustatius was a signifcant trading port.
The project aimed to answer a series of research
questions pertaining to the site.
Site SE-504 is located at a depth of 18 to
19 metres and spans 61 metres in length and
12 metres in width, oriented north to south.
The site’s formation and degradation processes
are infuenced by factors like shipworm activity,
natural disturbances such as storms and hurricanes,
as well as the movements caused by swells and
currents in the bay.
A range of artefacts was discovered,
including potery, glass, metal objects, clay pipe
fragments, stones, wooden items, and even a
rubber object. These artefacts predominantly
date back to the 18th century, with a few from
later centuries. Most likely, these items were
used along the waterfront and were either
discarded or fell from ships in the harbour.
Some artefacts, such as potery, glass, and barrel
hoops, are indicative of ship inventory or cargo.
There are also fragments of clay pipes and a
shoe buckle representing personal belongings.
Iron parts of masts and rudders, gudgeons,
anchors and a sounding lead constitute ship’s
equipment. Ceramic building materials like roof
and foor tiles, as well as bricks, might have
come from buildings along the seafront or
potentially served as cargo or ballast. A cannon
may have fallen from a ship, but most probably
has been re-used as an anchor weight.
The research team determined that the site
holds medium archaeological value. To ensure
the protection and preservation of the artefacts
and remains, the team recommends maintaining
an open pit for divers to explore and enjoy the
site. This area could be managed and monitored
by STENAPA and the diving school ScubAqua.
By educating divers and visitors about the
historical signifcance of the site and implementing
proper monitoring, the site’s value can be
conserved for future generations while ofering
a unique diving experience.
In summary, the archaeological assessment of
the SE-504 site revealed an assortment of
artefacts refecting the vibrant trade and
historical context of St. Eustatius. Despite the
absence of a distinct shipwreck, the artefacts
provide insight into the island’s history during
its prosperous trading era. By establishing
protective measures and educating visitors,
the site’s historical signifcance can be preserved
while ofering an informative and engaging
diving opportunity