Empirical Research Press Ltd., London, United Kingdom, 2022
Bryophyllum pinnatum is a potential medicinal plant widely used in different tribes in Bangladesh... more Bryophyllum pinnatum is a potential medicinal plant widely used in different tribes in Bangladesh. The leaves of B. pinnatum were used in the present study for the compatibility assessment of a proposed ultrasound-assisted green extraction method with the conventional extraction method. An aqueous Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) by using both fresh and dried leaves of B. pinnatum was proposed in the present study and successively compared with the traditional methanolic and aqueous (decoction) extraction method. The promising extraction yield was found through the proposed extraction method which was much better than decoction and almost similar to the methanolic extraction method. Phytochemical contents were also observed similar to the methanolic extract. Both methanolic and UAE extracts obtained from B. pinnatum leaves showed favorable antimicrobial sensitivity against both grams positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) bacteria. Extracts obtained from the decoction method showed slightly poor antimicrobial activities. The difference in efficiency and efficacy of aqueous UAE extract obtained from fresh and dried leaves was observed insignificant. This indicates there is no necessity to impart the drying stage before extraction normally practiced in the conventional extraction method. Drying of plant material is a common stage of the conventional extraction cycle which ultimately lengthy the process and impose cost due to energy consumption and labor. Ultrasound-assisted extraction may successfully decrease the overall extraction cycle and ultimately reduce the overall cost of extraction. This method also creates opportunities to replace the water instead of with hazardous organic solvent for phytochemical extraction.
This work would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of Professor Eric Yu... more This work would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of Professor Eric Yu, my supervisor for this thesis. During a class lecture of FIS 1342 we were discussing the Non-Functional Requirements Framework and its ability to represent web accessibility goals. I had an interest in web accessibility and its guidelines. The discussion initiated the possibility of conducting this research. Professor Yu and I exchanged our ideas; this thesis is a result of that exchange. During our regular meetings, Professor Yu provided me with the encouragement, guidance, and direction. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Yu for his support and assistance in the completion of this work. Ms. Jutta Treviranus, the second reader of this thesis, has provided enormous support along the way. As the director of the Adaptive Technology Resource Center (ATRC) at the U of T, and the chair of ATAG working group, her involvement in this research enriched my knowledge of accessibility significantly. She also helped me identify some key participants of the study. I appreciate the support of Professor Steve Easterbrook, the external reviewer of this thesis. He took the time to attend the Early Requirements Engineering presentation and provided me with some insightful feedback. I would like to thank my supervisors at work, Susanne Tabur and Lynn Deegan, who have supported me throughout the process, and provided the flexibility for me to work on my research when it was required. And finally, I would like to thank my other half, my beautiful wife. It is only because she was always next to me, holding me tight in difficult moments, and sharing the joy at every achievement, that I could complete my work.
This work would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of Professor Eric Yu... more This work would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of Professor Eric Yu, my supervisor for this thesis. During a class lecture of FIS 1342 we were discussing the Non-Functional Requirements Framework and its ability to represent web accessibility goals. I had an interest in web accessibility and its guidelines. The discussion initiated the possibility of conducting this research. Professor Yu and I exchanged our ideas; this thesis is a result of that exchange. During our regular meetings, Professor Yu provided me with the encouragement, guidance, and direction. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Yu for his support and assistance in the completion of this work. Ms. Jutta Treviranus, the second reader of this thesis, has provided enormous support along the way. As the director of the Adaptive Technology Resource Center (ATRC) at the U of T, and the chair of ATAG working group, her involvement in this research enriched my knowledge of accessibility significantly. She also helped me identify some key participants of the study. I appreciate the support of Professor Steve Easterbrook, the external reviewer of this thesis. He took the time to attend the Early Requirements Engineering presentation and provided me with some insightful feedback. I would like to thank my supervisors at work, Susanne Tabur and Lynn Deegan, who have supported me throughout the process, and provided the flexibility for me to work on my research when it was required. And finally, I would like to thank my other half, my beautiful wife. It is only because she was always next to me, holding me tight in difficult moments, and sharing the joy at every achievement, that I could complete my work.
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