Papers by IOSR Journal of Engineering
The paper presents the report of an investigation carried out to model and optimize the compressi... more The paper presents the report of an investigation carried out to model and optimize the compressive strength of Lateritic Concrete. The laterite is the reddish soil layer often belying the top soil in many locations and further deeper in some areas, collected from the Vocational Education Building Site of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The work applied the Scheffe's optimization approach to obtain a mathematical model of the form f(x i1 ,x i2 ,x i3 ), where x i are proportions of the concrete components, viz: cement, laterite and water. Scheffe's experimental design techniques are followed to mould various block samples measuring 220mm x 210mm x 120mm, with varying generated components ratios which were tested for 28 days strength. To carry out the task, we embark on experimentation and design, applying the second order polynomial characterization process of the simplex lattice method. The model adequacy is checked using the control factors. Finally a software is prepared to handle the design computation process to select the optimized properties of the mix, and generate the optimal mix ratios for the desired property.
Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources besides deforestation... more Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources besides deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. The global warming is caused by the emission of green house gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 65% of global warming. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of greenhouse gas emission to the earth's atmosphere. Glass is used in many forms in day-to-day life. It has limited life span and after use it is either stock piled or sent to landfills. Since glass is non-biodegradable, landfills do not provide an environment friendly solution. Hence, there is strong need to utilize waste glasses. Many efforts have been made to use waste glass in concrete industry as a replacement of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement. Its performance as a coarse aggregate replacement has been found to be non-satisfactory because of strength regression and expansion due to alkali-silica reaction. The research shows that there is strength loss due to fine aggregate substitution also. Efforts have been made in the concrete industry to use waste glass as partial replacement of coarse or fine aggregates and cement. In this study, finely powdered waste glasses are used as a partial replacement of cement in concrete and compared it with conventional concrete. This work examines the possibility of using Glass powder as a partial replacement of cement for new concrete. Glass powder was partially replaced as 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and tested for its compressive, Tensile and flexural strength up to 28 days of age and were compared with those of conventional concrete; from the results obtained, it is found that glass powder can be used as cement replacement material up to particle size less than 75μm to prevent alkali silica reaction.
Our project is on resource assessment of raw materials show there is more than enough of the agri... more Our project is on resource assessment of raw materials show there is more than enough of the agricultural waste raw material available for activated carbon production to meet local demand. In view of these facts, we proposed to do project in the area of study in activated carbon. Activated carbon is used in gas purification, decaffeination, gold purification, metal extraction, water purification, medicine, sewage treatment, air filters in gas masks and respirators, filters in compressed air and many other applications. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m 2 , as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties .One major industrial application involves use of activated carbon in the metal finishing field. It is very widely employed for purification of electroplating solutions. For example, it is a main purification technique for removing organic impurities from bright nickel plating solutions. Projecting on the available raw materials, it is established that industrial demand for activated carbon can be met locally. The characterization of two types of factory wastes showed that paper waste was a better option over rice husk. The activated carbon produced from pyrolysis of paper mill waste was chemically activated with various activating agents like zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide and potassium chloride. A systematic investigation of the effect of impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time on the properties of the activated carbon was done. The optimum preparation conditions together with the effected of these conditions on the yield and efficiency of produced AC have been studied .The chemically activated carbons were characterized by measuring iodine and yield percentage. The activated carbon prepared from paper mill waste in this study had maximum iodine of 764.80 mg/g with ZnCl 2 as the activating agent.
Our project is on resource assessment of raw materials show there is more than enough of the agri... more Our project is on resource assessment of raw materials show there is more than enough of the agricultural waste raw material available for activated carbon production to meet local demand. In view of these facts, we proposed to do project in the area of study in activated carbon. Activated carbon is used in gas purification, decaffeination, gold purification, metal extraction, water purification, medicine, sewage treatment, air filters in gas masks and respirators, filters in compressed air and many other applications. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m 2 , as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties .One major industrial application involves use of activated carbon in the metal finishing field. It is very widely employed for purification of electroplating solutions. For example, it is a main purification technique for removing organic impurities from bright nickel plating solutions. Projecting on the available raw materials, it is established that industrial demand for activated carbon can be met locally. The characterization of two types of factory wastes showed that paper waste was a better option over rice husk. The activated carbon produced from pyrolysis of paper mill waste was chemically activated with various activating agents like zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide and potassium chloride. A systematic investigation of the effect of impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time on the properties of the activated carbon was done. The optimum preparation conditions together with the effected of these conditions on the yield and efficiency of produced AC have been studied .The chemically activated carbons were characterized by measuring iodine and yield percentage. The activated carbon prepared from paper mill waste in this study had maximum iodine of 764.80 mg/g with ZnCl 2 as the activating agent.
Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources besides deforestation... more Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources besides deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. The global warming is caused by the emission of green house gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 65% of global warming. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of greenhouse gas emission to the earth's atmosphere. Glass is used in many forms in day-to-day life. It has limited life span and after use it is either stock piled or sent to landfills. Since glass is non-biodegradable, landfills do not provide an environment friendly solution. Hence, there is strong need to utilize waste glasses. Many efforts have been made to use waste glass in concrete industry as a replacement of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement. Its performance as a coarse aggregate replacement has been found to be non-satisfactory because of strength regression and expansion due to alkali-silica reaction. The research shows that there is strength loss due to fine aggregate substitution also. Efforts have been made in the concrete industry to use waste glass as partial replacement of coarse or fine aggregates and cement. In this study, finely powdered waste glasses are used as a partial replacement of cement in concrete and compared it with conventional concrete. This work examines the possibility of using Glass powder as a partial replacement of cement for new concrete. Glass powder was partially replaced as 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and tested for its compressive, Tensile and flexural strength up to 28 days of age and were compared with those of conventional concrete; from the results obtained, it is found that glass powder can be used as cement replacement material up to particle size less than 75μm to prevent alkali silica reaction.
Planning a new road or highway can be expensive and time consuming process. There are numerous en... more Planning a new road or highway can be expensive and time consuming process. There are numerous environmental issues that need to be addressed. The problem is exacerbated where the alignment is influenced by the location of services, existing roads and buildings, and the financial, social and political costs of land resumption. GIS, a powerful tool for the compilation, management and display data associated with geographic space, is used for the preparation of digital maps and analysis purposes. The conventional manual methods were difficult, time consuming and expensive. In this st ud y the shortest and the economical path is identified using GIS software. The factors considered are mainly related to the land use, geology, land value and soil. The weights and ranks are assigned to each of the above themes, according to expert opinions, for GIS analysis. After assigning weights and ranks these themes are overlaid to get an overlaid map. The final overlaid map has the most suitable area to align the highway from Erode to Karur which is both are textile and enriched with water potential which is passing along the channels of K arur and Erode.
Planning a new road or highway can be expensive and time consuming process. There are numerous en... more Planning a new road or highway can be expensive and time consuming process. There are numerous environmental issues that need to be addressed. The problem is exacerbated where the alignment is influenced by the location of services, existing roads and buildings, and the financial, social and political costs of land resumption. GIS, a powerful tool for the compilation, management and display data associated with geographic space, is used for the preparation of digital maps and analysis purposes. The conventional manual methods were difficult, time consuming and expensive. In this st ud y the shortest and the economical path is identified using GIS software. The factors considered are mainly related to the land use, geology, land value and soil. The weights and ranks are assigned to each of the above themes, according to expert opinions, for GIS analysis. After assigning weights and ranks these themes are overlaid to get an overlaid map. The final overlaid map has the most suitable area to align the highway from Erode to Karur which is both are textile and enriched with water potential which is passing along the channels of K arur and Erode.
In this study, inverse kinematic analysis, dynamic analysis and non-linear computed torque contro... more In this study, inverse kinematic analysis, dynamic analysis and non-linear computed torque control of two link Scara type manipulator are considered. Trajectory is planned in operational space coordinates and transformed into joint space coordinates by inverse kinematic equations. Equations of motion are obtained by solving Lagrange equations. Model is simulated on Simulink/ ® with a pick and place operation.
Diagnosis is essential, in order to understand the poor construction and the status of structures... more Diagnosis is essential, in order to understand the poor construction and the status of structures. There are several kinds of the maintenance of the structure, and nondestructive test method sare the easiest methods that can diagnosis the status of the structures. As a tool to evaluate the effects of defects on structural timber strength, nondestructive test methods are being actively researched recently. Therefore, we were proposed the estimation equations as the analyzed the correlation between the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of structural timber using the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity method. As a result the correlation coefficient of the strength estimation equation was 0.88-0.997 and average is 0.965. In this experiments carried out that ultrasonic pulse velocity method has a high reliability.
Diagnosis is essential, in order to understand the poor construction and the status of structures... more Diagnosis is essential, in order to understand the poor construction and the status of structures. There are several kinds of the maintenance of the structure, and nondestructive test method sare the easiest methods that can diagnosis the status of the structures. As a tool to evaluate the effects of defects on structural timber strength, nondestructive test methods are being actively researched recently. Therefore, we were proposed the estimation equations as the analyzed the correlation between the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of structural timber using the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity method. As a result the correlation coefficient of the strength estimation equation was 0.88-0.997 and average is 0.965. In this experiments carried out that ultrasonic pulse velocity method has a high reliability.
The proposed system of this paper creates a new GIS tool which classifies the lands around the se... more The proposed system of this paper creates a new GIS tool which classifies the lands around the selected monument by taking a set of sub-images . The system will extract a vector of textural features for each sub-image using second order statistics Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and calculate eight textural feature. The vector of features will be the input to Minimum distance classifier and the Euclidean distance used to measure distance between vectors of features . The system then classifies the lands around the selected monument to find a flat area used for building a museum or a visitors rest.
Over a decade, Service-oriented architectures have seen an increasing interest of both academia a... more Over a decade, Service-oriented architectures have seen an increasing interest of both academia and industry communities. This interest is associated with an enthusiasm of companies in different sectors and sizes for the adoption of this new paradigm due to its economic and technological benefits. SOA is a very effective response to the problems faced by companies in terms of reusability, interoperability and reduce coupling between systems that implement their information systems. This paper proposes a Modeling for Sensor Based Business Process Generation and Testing, and introduces its implementation in the BPEL. and we analyzes business process between enterprises, modeling the service-oriented business process with BPEL to realization level. Also, In this paper suggests that UML is used from high-level business problems to the process of lowlevel problem for Visual and effectively.
Over a decade, Service-oriented architectures have seen an increasing interest of both academia a... more Over a decade, Service-oriented architectures have seen an increasing interest of both academia and industry communities. This interest is associated with an enthusiasm of companies in different sectors and sizes for the adoption of this new paradigm due to its economic and technological benefits. SOA is a very effective response to the problems faced by companies in terms of reusability, interoperability and reduce coupling between systems that implement their information systems. This paper proposes a Modeling for Sensor Based Business Process Generation and Testing, and introduces its implementation in the BPEL. and we analyzes business process between enterprises, modeling the service-oriented business process with BPEL to realization level. Also, In this paper suggests that UML is used from high-level business problems to the process of lowlevel problem for Visual and effectively.
It is a system that aims to control vehicle"s speed in accordance with the street and road speed ... more It is a system that aims to control vehicle"s speed in accordance with the street and road speed limit. The system finds out the whereabouts of the vehicle then it identifies the allowed speed for that particular place. After this, it starts decreasing the speed gradually until it reaches the desirable limit. When the vehicle runs, The GPS finds the location of the vehicle then it sends the longitude and the latitude to the control unit to identify the speed limit of the street. If it has been found that the vehicle"s speed exceeds the limit, a signal will be sent to the brake system to reduce the speed until it drops to the limits. One of the most important characteristics of the system that it senses the distances between two vehicles by (Ultrasonic sensor) allowing a certain distance between them which is in correspondent to their speed and that results in non-occurrence of accidents and crashes. All of which is done without exceeding the speed limit of streets. If the system fails for any malfunction, a warning message containing the number of the vehicle and information about it will be sent to the traffic department as a feedback.
Abstract： -In fluvial strata, point bar sand body oiliness best, multiple lateral accretion inter... more Abstract： -In fluvial strata, point bar sand body oiliness best, multiple lateral accretion internal distributes. In the late stage of oilfield development, the residual oil is mainly distributed in the point bar sand body. Interlayer distribution in point bar is an important factor that affects the residual oil distribution, clear interlayer spatial distribution characteristics, is the focus of current research. Dissection inclination can be read directly from the core data,when lack of core data, through a variety of methods to calculate the angle, including wide-depth method, convex abandon surface method, subwells method, etc. After reliable verification, three point method is the most accurate.
Abstract： -In fluvial strata, point bar sand body oiliness best, multiple lateral accretion inter... more Abstract： -In fluvial strata, point bar sand body oiliness best, multiple lateral accretion internal distributes. In the late stage of oilfield development, the residual oil is mainly distributed in the point bar sand body. Interlayer distribution in point bar is an important factor that affects the residual oil distribution, clear interlayer spatial distribution characteristics, is the focus of current research. Dissection inclination can be read directly from the core data,when lack of core data, through a variety of methods to calculate the angle, including wide-depth method, convex abandon surface method, subwells method, etc. After reliable verification, three point method is the most accurate.
The high cost of conventional Building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in ... more The high cost of conventional Building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in Nigeria. This has necessitated research into alternative materials of construction. This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on the use of Saw Dust Ash(SDA) as partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) in sandcrete hollow blocks, in order to determine the optimum quantity of SDA in percentage by weight of OPC, so as to effectively reduce the cost of Building production. The percentage of SDA is in gradation of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, two mix ratios (1:6 and 1:8) were used, and the blocks produced were tested for Density and Compressive strength. The results of the tests showed that as the percentage of SDA increased, Density and Compressive strength decreased. At 28days the Compressive strength of blocks with 10% SDA replacement are 2.2N/mm 2 and 2.0N/mm 2 which satisfy the requirement. specified by the National Building Code (2006). It was concluded that up to 10% SDA replacement can be used for non-load bearing walls for 1:8 mix at 28days curing age. Also, up to 10% replacement for 1:6 mix can be used for load and nonload bearing walls.
The high cost of conventional Building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in ... more The high cost of conventional Building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in Nigeria. This has necessitated research into alternative materials of construction. This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on the use of Saw Dust Ash(SDA) as partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) in sandcrete hollow blocks, in order to determine the optimum quantity of SDA in percentage by weight of OPC, so as to effectively reduce the cost of Building production. The percentage of SDA is in gradation of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, two mix ratios (1:6 and 1:8) were used, and the blocks produced were tested for Density and Compressive strength. The results of the tests showed that as the percentage of SDA increased, Density and Compressive strength decreased. At 28days the Compressive strength of blocks with 10% SDA replacement are 2.2N/mm 2 and 2.0N/mm 2 which satisfy the requirement. specified by the National Building Code (2006). It was concluded that up to 10% SDA replacement can be used for non-load bearing walls for 1:8 mix at 28days curing age. Also, up to 10% replacement for 1:6 mix can be used for load and nonload bearing walls.
Human activities appear to end up in waste generation, either directly or indirectly. These waste... more Human activities appear to end up in waste generation, either directly or indirectly. These waste generated should not be wasted. Nigeria faces serious environmental challenge as a result of increasing population. In many Nigerian cities, pungent odour emanating from piled up waste along the streets fills the atmosphere. Besides, substantial land for agriculture has been claimed by open waste dumps. This work studies the problems of waste management in Nigeria, and the role of Material Flow Management (MFM) in tackling them. Waste classification, generation, disposal methods were discussed. The Nigeria's waste problems were also highlighted. Nigeria generates an estimated 6.03million tons of solid waste and 83.04million tons of fresh animal waste per annum. Considering this amount of waste, this paper posits that MFM should be integrated in all aspects of waste in Nigeria for sustainable management in the present and future, and strongly recommends biogas technology as one of MFM's technique that will boost energy generation through waste.
Emeraldine Base Polyaniline (EB-PANI), Emeraldine Salt Polyaniline (ES-PANI) and Leuco Emeraldine... more Emeraldine Base Polyaniline (EB-PANI), Emeraldine Salt Polyaniline (ES-PANI) and Leuco Emeraldine Base Polyaniline (LEB-PANI) were studied for detection of different dissolved oxygen levels in solutions. Optical properties of the polyaniline forms were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. To identify oxygen sensitivity of the PANI films, cyclic voltametry (CV) measurements were performed with the PANI films drop-casted on working platinum electrodes. Electrolyte solution in the CV measurements was based on phosphate buffer with salinity of 20‰ and pH 7.3. Pure nitrogen and oxygen gases were used to change oxygen levels that were monitored by a commercial dissolved oxygen probe. CV measurements showed the variations of current in corresponding to different oxygen concentrations. The correlation of the current and dissolved oxygen levels was also determined. The results exhibited the possibility of using LEB-PANI as sensing electrodes for detection of low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture farming.
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Papers by IOSR Journal of Engineering