Papers by Florentin Smarandache
Quantization and Discretization at Large Scales
The ongoing search of extrasolar planets is one of the most attractive fields of research in astr... more The ongoing search of extrasolar planets is one of the most attractive fields of research in astrophysics and astronomy nowadays. Up to now, 360 extrasolar planets have been discovered near stars with similar mass as the Sun. There is also discovery related to the so-called Earth-like planets. With regards to these discoveries, one intriguing question is whether there is relationship between orbit distance of the planets and their stars. Various formulas have been suggested since 1990s, and they suggest that there may be reason to accept quantization of distances of those planets both in our solar system and also in extrasolar systems as well. This book discusses this issue (Rubcic & Rubcic), along with other interesting issues such as protoplanetary formation of solar system (Pintr, prof. Per\inova% , & dr. Luks\), precession in solar system (Pitkanen) and other topics. Another line of thought explored herein is the correspondence between cosmological phenomena and condensed matter physics, and therefore we can think that the quantization of orbit distances can be caused by superfluid helium quantization. This issue is explored by F. Smarandache and V. Christianto. Moreover, F. Smarandache also discusses possible new era of research that is pertaining to superluminal physics and instantaneous physics. Ion Patrascu and D. Rabounski discuss superluminality from their perspectives. And M. Pereira discusses his Hypergeometrical Universe model. This book is published after our previous book: Quantization in astrophyisics, Brownian motion, and Supersymmetry which was released about five years ago. Perhaps the ideas presented herein will have impact on discussions concerning quantum cosmology, which so far it cannot be observed. On the contrary, quantization at large scales can be observed. We hope that this volume will add a new chapter in our understanding of the Universe, from the viewpoint of quantization and discretization at large scales.
Analiza literara a versurilor scriitoarei Doina Dragut.
Cornell University - arXiv, Aug 22, 2008
We extend Knuth's 16 Boolean binary logic operators to fuzzy logic and neutrosophic logic binary ... more We extend Knuth's 16 Boolean binary logic operators to fuzzy logic and neutrosophic logic binary operators. Then we generalize them to n-ary fuzzy logic and neutrosophic logic operators using the smarandache codification of the Venn diagram and a defined vector neutrosophic law. In such way, new operators in neutrosophic logic/set/probability are built.
Multi-space is the notion combining different fields in to a unifying field, which is more applic... more Multi-space is the notion combining different fields in to a unifying field, which is more applicable in our daily life. In this paper, we introduced the notion of multi-soft space which is the approximated collection of the multi-subspaces of a multi-space . Further, we defined some basic operations such as union, intersection, AND, OR etc. We also investigated some properties of multi-soft spaces.
Soft set theory is a general mathematical tool for dealing with uncertain, fuzzy, not clearly def... more Soft set theory is a general mathematical tool for dealing with uncertain, fuzzy, not clearly defined objects. In this paper we introduced soft mixed neutrosophic N-algebraic with the discussion of some of their characteristics. We also introduced soft mixed dual neutrosophic N-algebraic structures, soft weak mixed neutrosophic N-algebraic structures, soft Lagrange mixed neutrosophic N-algebraic structures, soft weak Lagrange mixed neutrosophic and soft Lagrange free mixed neutosophic N-algebraic structures. the so called soft strong neutrosophic loop which is of pure neutrosophic character. We also introduced some of new notions and some basic properties of this newly born soft mixed neutrosophic N-structures related to neutrosophic theory.
In our lives, reality becomes a game, and in the same way, the game becomes reality, the game is ... more In our lives, reality becomes a game, and in the same way, the game becomes reality, the game is an exercise, simulation of real life on a smaller scale, then it extends itself into reality. This article aims to make a connection between decision making in game which comprises all the issues that intervene in the process and further making a connection with real life. The method for identification involved, detected or induced uncertainties is a jointing process from linked data fuzzy to neutrosophic data set on a case study, EVE Online game. This analysis is useful for psychologists, sociologists, economic analysis, process management, business area, also for researchers of games domain.
viXra, 2017
It is known to experts, that in the nonlinear regression analysis, numerous curve fitting methods... more It is known to experts, that in the nonlinear regression analysis, numerous curve fitting methods exist, which allow the statistician to cook up the data according to what he/she wants to see. Such a deep problem in nonlinear regression methods will be discussed in particular in the context of analyzing Hubble diagram from various existing data. It is our aim to distinguish the raw data and foregone conclusions, in order to arrive at a model-independent conclusion. As a preliminary remark, we deem that it remains possible that the Hubble law exhibits nonlinearity, just like proposed by Segal & Nicoll long time ago. More researches are needed to verify our proposition.
viXra, 2017
In this paper, we propose the complex neutrosophic soft set model, which is a hybrid of complex f... more In this paper, we propose the complex neutrosophic soft set model, which is a hybrid of complex fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets and soft sets. The basic set theoretic operations and some concepts related to the structure of this model are introduced, and illustrated. An example related to a decision making problem involving uncertain and subjective information is presented, to demonstrate the utility of this model.
viXra, 2015
In this paper a new concept is called n-valued interval neutrosophic sets is given. The basic ope... more In this paper a new concept is called n-valued interval neutrosophic sets is given. The basic operations are introduced on n-valued interval neutrosophic sets such as; union, intersection, addition, multiplication, scalar multiplication, scalar division, truthfavorite and false-favorite. Then, some distances between n-valued interval neutrosophic sets (NVINS) are proposed. Also, we propose an efficient approach for group multi-criteria decision making based on n-valued interval neutrosophic sets. An application of n-valued interval neutrosophic sets in medical diagnosis problem is given.
viXra, 2017
This paper presents some similarity measures between complex neutrosophic sets. A complex neutros... more This paper presents some similarity measures between complex neutrosophic sets. A complex neutrosophic set is a generalization of neutrosophic set whose complex-valued truth membership function, complex-valued indeterminacy membership function, and complex valued falsity membership functions are the combinations of real-valued truth amplitude term in association with phase term, real-valued indeterminate amplitude term with phase term, and real-valued false amplitude term with phase term respectively. In the present study, we have proposed complex cosine, Dice and Jaccard similarity measures and investigated some of their properties. Finally, complex neutrosophic cosine, Dice and Jaccard similarity measures have been applied to a medical diagnosis problem with complex neutrosophic information.
viXra, 2015
Neutrosophic LA-semigroup is a midway structure between a neutrosophic groupoid and a commu- tati... more Neutrosophic LA-semigroup is a midway structure between a neutrosophic groupoid and a commu- tative neutrosophic semigroup. Rings are the old concept in algebraic structures. We combine the neutrosophic LA-semigroup and ring together to form the notion of neutrosophic LA-semigroup ring. Neutrosophic LA- semigroup ring is defined analogously to neutrosophic group ring and neutrosophic semigroup ring.
viXra, 2018
One of great question for student’s learning process is: how can one improve his/her memory in or... more One of great question for student’s learning process is: how can one improve his/her memory in order to improve learning performance. And one’s memory can be distinguished between short term memory and long term memory (STM and DTM). But there is also metamemory. The study of metamemory examines people’s awareness and understanding of their own memory and learning. One goal of this research is to learn how people predict their memory performance, usually when they first encounter to-be-learned material. Therefore, a typical experiment in metamemory has participants learn items one at a time in preparation fora later test. This paper discusses some basic concepts of STM, DTM, metamemory and how they can be used to improve students’ learning performance. This is an early investigation into this large body of knowledge.
Algebraic codes play a signi
cant role in the minimization of data corruption which caused by def... more Algebraic codes play a signi
cant role in the minimization of data corruption which caused by defects such as inference, noise channel, crosstalk, and packet lost. In this paper, we introduced soft codes (soft linear codes) through the application of soft sets which is an approximated collection of codes. We also discussed several types of soft codes such as type-1 soft codes, complete soft codes etc. The innovative idea of soft codes is advantageous, for it can simultaneously transmit n-distinct messages to n-set of receivers. Further this new technique makes use of bi-matrices or to be more general uses the concept of n-matrices. Certainly this notion will save both time and economy. Moreover, we develop two techniques for the decoding of soft codes. At the end, we present a soft communication process and develop a model for this soft communication process. The disticntions and comparison of soft linear codes and linear codes are also presented.
viXra, 2016
In this paper, we introduce the concept of neutrosophic less than or equal to. The neutrosophy co... more In this paper, we introduce the concept of neutrosophic less than or equal to. The neutrosophy considers every idea together with its opposite or negation and with their spectrum of neutralities in between them (i.e. notions or ideas supporting neither nor ).
Algebraic codes play a signi
cant role in the minimisation of data corruption which caused by de¤... more Algebraic codes play a signi
cant role in the minimisation of data corruption which caused by de¤ects such as inference, noise channel, crosstalk, and packet loss.In this paper, we introduce soft codes (soft linear codes) through the application of soft sets which is an approximated collection of codes. We also discuss several types of soft codes such as type-1 soft codes, complete soft codes etc. Further, we constrcut the soft generator matrix and soft parity check matrix for the soft linear codes. Moreover, we develop two techinques for the decoding of soft codes.
viXra, 2017
As Paul Hiebert called it in his paper: “The flaws of excluded middle,” people especially in Asia... more As Paul Hiebert called it in his paper: “The flaws of excluded middle,” people especially in Asia and Africa can adopt a “middle Earth” view, i.e. a world where both rationality and supra-rationality can co-exist. Such an “included middle” worldview can be viewed in terms of Neutrosophic Membership Function too. Similarly the dynamics of identity change between outer faiths and Christianity is often a long and complex process, and we submit that it can be modelled as a spectrum, of which some people described the process as C1-C6. This spectrum can be viewed in terms of Neutrosophic Membership function. In this paper, we offer a fresh look at these problem using two new concepts: Liquid church and also Neutrosophic Membership function. It is our hope that our model, which may be called “Neutrosophic Liquid Ecclesiology,” can shed some light on the interaction and dynamics in Missiology and modern day Ecclesiology, especially in Asia and Africa context. All in all, this paper may be ...
viXra, 2017
The theory of soluble groups and nilpotent groups is old and hence a generalized on. In this pape... more The theory of soluble groups and nilpotent groups is old and hence a generalized on. In this paper, we introduced neutrosophic soluble groups and neutrosophic nilpotent groups which have some kind of indeterminacy. These notions are generalized to the classic notions of soluble groups and nilpotent groups. We also derive some new type of series which derived some new notions of soluble groups and nilpotent groups. They are mixed neutrosophic soluble groups and mixed neutrosophic nilpotent groups as well as strong neutrosophic soluble groups and strong neutrosophic nilpotent groups.
viXra, 2014
In this paper several distance and similarity measures of interval neutrosophic soft sets are int... more In this paper several distance and similarity measures of interval neutrosophic soft sets are introduced. The measures are examined based on the geometric model, the set theoretic approach and the matching function.Finally,we have successfully shown an application of this similarity measure of interval neutrosophic soft sets.
Jurnal Teologi Amreta (ISSN: 2599-3100), 2021
Continuing our previous paper, we gave an outline of a new integral model of human consciousness ... more Continuing our previous paper, we gave an outline of a new integral model of human consciousness scheme beyond Freudian mental model. We start from a recent book by one of us: Neutropsychic personality. Then we discuss possibility to reintroduce spirit into human consciousness. To emphasize what we have outlined in a preceding paper, we consider the following: that human consciousness model should take into consideration “spirit” role, i.e. the mind-body-spirit as integral aspect, which view is neglected in the Freudian mental model. In this paper, we consider a further step: introducing “soul” as a different element of human consciousness. We also discuss a few possible applications of such an integral model of human consciousness, including relational psychotherapy and relational pedagogy. While we are fully aware that much remain to be done and we admit that this is only a sketch, we hope that this paper will start a fresh approach of research towards more realistic nonlinear hum...
Computers in Industry, 2019
Dynamic decision problems constrained by time are of highly-interested in many aspects of real li... more Dynamic decision problems constrained by time are of highly-interested in many aspects of real life. This paper proposes a new concept called the Dynamic Interval-valued Neutrosophic Set (DIVNS) for such the dynamic decision-making applications. Firstly, we define the definitions and mathematical operations, properties and correlations of DIVNSs. Next, we develop a new TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method based on the proposed DIVNS theory. Finally, a practical application of the method for evaluating lecturers' performance at the
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Papers by Florentin Smarandache