Andrea Bottino

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Papers by Andrea Bottino

Beyond the Picture

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2012

The Role of Computer Games Industry and Open Source Philosophy in the Creation of Affordable Virtual Heritage Solutions

New Trends in Technologies: Devices, Computer, Communication and Industrial Systems, 2010

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Subclass Discriminant Analysis of morphological and textural features for HEp-2 staining pattern classification

Pattern Recognition, 2014

Classifying HEp-2 fluorescence patterns in Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) HEp-2 cell imaging i... more Classifying HEp-2 fluorescence patterns in Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) HEp-2 cell imaging is important for the differential diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. The current technique, based on human visual inspection, is time-consuming, subjective and dependent on the operator's experience. Automating this process may be a solution to these limitations, making IIF faster and more reliable. This work proposes a classification approach based on Subclass Discriminant Analysis (SDA), a dimensionality reduction technique that provides an effective representation of the cells in the feature space, suitably coping with the high within-class variance typical of HEp-2 cell patterns. In order to generate an adequate characterization of the fluorescence patterns, we investigate the individual and combined contributions of several image attributes, showing that the integration of morphological, global and local textural features is the most suited for this purpose. The proposed approach provides an accuracy of the staining pattern classification of about 90%.

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Using Virtual Environments as a Visual Interface for Accessing Cultural Database Contents

Cultural institutions have to deal with an enormous amount of data, which are stored in cultural ... more Cultural institutions have to deal with an enormous amount of data, which are stored in cultural databases usually designed for and managed by professionals. Difficulties in accessing such databases usually preclude or limit their use for the general public. Moreover, in the historic, artistic and cultural areas, an important part of the information associated to an object is related to its original historical and spatial context, an evidence that is often not disclosed, or is difficult to explain, to the non experts. For this reason, it is important to try to recontextualize, where possible, elements of cultural collections in the places where these objects were in the past. To this end, in this work we propose the integration of databases and Virtual Reality technologies to develop novel visual interfaces to improve the accessibility, for the non experts, to the contents of cultural databases. Virtual Reality is used to re-create the contextual environment of the objects in the database, which can be explored to gain new insights on specific elements and to improve the awareness of relationships between them. The use of two different types of Virtual Environments has been investigated. Results of the evaluation through a user panel of their accessibility and effectiveness, in relation to each other and with a classic textbased interface, is also presented.

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How to shrinkwrap through a critical point: an algorithm for the adaptive triangulation of iso-surfaces with arbitrary topology

An algorithm is presented which generates a triangular mesh to approximate an iso-surface. It sta... more An algorithm is presented which generates a triangular mesh to approximate an iso-surface. It starts with a triangulation of a sphere and next applies a series of adjustments to this triangulation to transform it into the required surface. It is based on the shrinkwrap method ([Overveld 93]), but unlike the original shrinkwrap algorithm, it allows for arbitrary topological genus of the resulting iso-surface. As the original shrinkwrap algorithm, the new algorithm is adaptive in the sense that the lengths of the sides of the triangles in the mesh vary with the local curvature of the underlying surface.

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A Computer-Aided Technique for Planning Plastic Surgery Based on 3D Face Scans: Preliminary Results

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 19-20 October 2010, 2010

Plastic surgery plays a major role in today's health care. Planning plastic facial surgery requir... more Plastic surgery plays a major role in today's health care. Planning plastic facial surgery requires dealing with the elusive concept of attractiveness for evaluating aesthetically effective outcomes for a particular face. A number of computer tools have been proposed for previewing possible surgery results and allowing their aesthetical evaluation by surgeons and patients which are based on the manual warping of 2D images or 3D scans. How to manipulate faces, as well as the evaluation of the results, are left to the surgeon's judgment. In a previous work, we proposed a quantitative approach able to automatically suggest effective patient-specific improvements of facial attractiveness and we applied it to 2D face profiles. In this paper we describe the application of the approach to 3D scans, and present some preliminary results.

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The Analysis of Facial Beauty: An Emerging Area of Research in Pattern Analysis

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010

Much research presented recently supports the idea that the human perception of attractiveness is... more Much research presented recently supports the idea that the human perception of attractiveness is datadriven and largely irrespective of the perceiver. This suggests using pattern analysis techniques for beauty analysis. Several scientific papers on this subject are appearing in image processing, computer vision and pattern analysis contexts, or use techniques of these areas. In this paper, we will survey the recent studies on automatic analysis of facial beauty, and discuss research lines and practical applications.

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The Intrinsic Dimensionality of Attractiveness: A Study in Face Profiles

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012

The study of human attractiveness with pattern analysis techniques is an emerging research field.... more The study of human attractiveness with pattern analysis techniques is an emerging research field. One still largely unresolved problem is which are the facial features relevant to attractiveness, how they combine together, and the number of independent parameters required for describing and identifying harmonious faces. In this paper, we present a first study about this problem, applied to face profiles. First, according to several empirical results, we hypothesize the existence of two well separated manifolds of attractive and unattractive face profiles. Then, we analyze with manifold learning techniques their intrinsic dimensionality. Finally, we show that the profile data can be reduced, with various techniques, to the intrinsic dimensions, largely without loosing their ability to discriminate between attractive and unattractive faces.

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Optimal Positioning of Sensors in 2D

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004

ABSTRACT Locating the minimum number of sensors able to see at the same time the entire surface o... more ABSTRACT Locating the minimum number of sensors able to see at the same time the entire surface of an object is an important practical problem. Most work presented in this area is restricted to 2D objects. In this paper we present a sensor location algorithms with the following properties. In principle, the algorithm could be extended to 3D objects. The solution given by the algorithm converges toward the optimal solution when increasing the resolution of the object. Limitations due to real sensors can be easily taken into account.

Experimental Results Show Near-Optimality Of A Sensor Location Algorithm

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, 2006

Locating sensors in 2D can be modeled as an art gallery problem, which asks to locate the minimum... more Locating sensors in 2D can be modeled as an art gallery problem, which asks to locate the minimum number of omnidirectional sensors, or &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;guards&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; to &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;cover&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; a polygonal floor map. The problem is NP-hard, and no finite algorithm, even exponential, is known for its exact solution. The approximate algorithms in the literature are polynomial in the worst case, but their

Optimal Positioning of Sensors in 3D

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005

Locating the minimum number of sensors able to see at the same time the entire surface of an obje... more Locating the minimum number of sensors able to see at the same time the entire surface of an object is an important practical problem. Most work presented in this area is restricted to 2D objects. In this paper we present an optimal 3D sensor location algorithms that can locate sensors into a polyhedral environment that are able to see the features of the objects in their entirety. Limitations due to real sensors can be easily taken into account. The algorithm has been implemented, and examples are also given.

Computer analysis of face beauty: A survey

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 2014

The human face conveys to other human beings, and potentially to computer systems, information su... more The human face conveys to other human beings, and potentially to computer systems, information such as identity, intentions, emotional and health states, attractiveness, age, gender and ethnicity. In most cases analyzing this information involves the computer science as well as the human and medical sciences. The most studied multidisciplinary problems are analyzing emotions, estimating age and modeling aging effects. An emerging area is the analysis of human attractiveness. The purpose of this paper is to survey recent research on the computer analysis of human beauty. First we present results in human sciences and medicine pointing to a largely shared and datadriven perception of attractiveness, which is a rationale of computer beauty analysis. After discussing practical application areas, we survey current studies on the automatic analysis of facial attractiveness aimed at: i) relating attractiveness to particular facial features; ii) assessing attractiveness automatically; iii) improving the attractiveness of 2D or 3D face images. Finally we discuss open problems and possible lines of research.

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A New Computer-aided Technique for Planning the Aesthetic Outcome of Plastic Surgery

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Plastic surgery plays a major role in today health care. Planning plastic face surgery requires d... more Plastic surgery plays a major role in today health care. Planning plastic face surgery requires dealing with the elusive concept of attractiveness for evaluating feasible beautification of a particular face. The existing computer tools essentially allow to manually warp 2D images or 3D face scans, in order to produce images simulating possible surgery outcomes. How to manipulate faces, as well as the evaluation of the results, are left to the surgeons judgement. We propose a new quantitative approach able to automatically suggest effective patient-specific improvements of facial attractiveness. The general idea is to compare the face of the patient with a large database of attractive faces, excluding the facial feature to be improved. Then, the feature of the faces more similar is applied, with a suitable morphing, to the face of the patient. In this paper we present a first application of the general idea in the field of nose surgery. Aesthetically effective rhinoplasty is suggeste...

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Finding Feasible Parameter Sets for Shape from Silhouettes with Unknown Position of the Viewpoints

Reconstructing 3D shapes from 2D silhouettes is a common technique in computer vision. It require... more Reconstructing 3D shapes from 2D silhouettes is a common technique in computer vision. It requires knowing the position of the viewpoints with respect to the object. But what can we say when this information is not available? This paper provides a first insight into the problem, introducing the problem of understanding 3D shapes from silhouettes when the relative positions of the viewpoints are unknown. In particular, the case of orthographic silhouettes with viewing directions parallel to the same plane is thoroughly discussed. Also we introduce sets of inequalities, which describe all the possible solution sets and a paving technique to calculate the feasible solution space of each set.

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Interactive Reconstruction of 3-D Objects from Silhouettes

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Many techniques for reconstructing 3-D shapes from 2-D images use silhouette data. A problem with... more Many techniques for reconstructing 3-D shapes from 2-D images use silhouette data. A problem with this approach is that, if no a priori information about the 3-D shape is available, we do not know neither the accuracy of the reconstruction, nor where it is better to locate new viewpoints for improving the accuracy. We present and demonstrate a new general approach to interactive, object-specific shape-from-silhouette algorithms. The approach holds for completely unknown shapes. It is based on a necessary condition for the reconstruction to have been performed with the best possible accuracy. From this condition, we derive: 1) a quantitative measure of reconstruction accuracy; 2) rules for finding new viewpoints if the accuracy is not satisfactory. The algorithm has been implemented for polyhedra, and demonstrated in a virtual environment.

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Reconstructing 3D objects from silhouettes when the Relative Positions of the Viewpoints is Unknown: the case of planar orthographic views

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

How to Make a Simple and Robust 3D Hand Tracking Device Using a Single Camera

In this paper we propose a non intrusive tracking system able to capture simple hand gestures in ... more In this paper we propose a non intrusive tracking system able to capture simple hand gestures in a fast and reliable way. Our device uses the images taken from a single camera to capture the 3D position and orientation of the hand of the user. In particular, the 3D position of the forefinger tip is used as a 3D marker, and the posture of the hand is used to input simple commands. The proposed approach combines several computer vision algorithms in order to exploit their strengths trying to minimize their drawbacks. The result is a real time system that is very robust against noise and cluttered backgrounds. An evaluation of the quality of the proposed approach is also presented.

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A new problem in face analysis: finding kinship clues for siblings pairs

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

Human face conveys to other human beings, and potentially to computers, much information such as ... more Human face conveys to other human beings, and potentially to computers, much information such as identity, emotional states, intentions, age and attractiveness. Among this information there are kinship clues. Face kinship signals, as well as the human capabilities of capturing them, are studied by psychologist and sociologists. In this paper we present a new research aimed at analyzing, with image processing/pattern analysis techniques, facial images for detecting objective elements of similarity between siblings. To this end, we have constructed a database of high quality pictures of pairs of siblings, shot in controlled conditions, including frontal, profile, expressionless and smiling face images. A first analysis of the database has been performed using a commercial identity recognition software. Then, for discriminating siblings, we combined eigenfaces, SVM and a feature selection algorithm, obtaining a recognition accuracy close to that of a human rating panel.

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Comparing edge and interior cover for rectilinear polygons

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

... Page 6. 720 A. Laurentini, A. Bottino, and M. De Simone Fig. ... 39–48. IEEE Computer Society... more

Quantitavely Comparing Virtual and Real Draping of Clothes

by Andrea Bottino and Aldo Laurentini

International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics and Visualization, 2001

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