Abstract This demonstration presents a new hybrid collaboration technology that partakes of selec... more Abstract This demonstration presents a new hybrid collaboration technology that partakes of selected qualities of informal, ad hoc, easy-to-initiate collaborative tools, and more formal, structured, and disciplined collaborative applications. Our approach focuses on the support of lightweight, informally structured, opportunistic activities featuring heterogeneous threads of shared objects with dynamic membership as well as blended synchronous and asynchronous collaboration.
Abstract In this paper we investigate the phenomena of dependency changes-changes to software sys... more Abstract In this paper we investigate the phenomena of dependency changes-changes to software systems caused by other changes. Dependency changes are one measure of the level of interdependency in a software module, therefore a good approximation to the study of dependency management in software development.
CIorg: Collective Intelligence In Organizations Tools and Studies
ABSTRACT Web 2.0 tools are penetrating into organizations after their successful adoption in the ... more ABSTRACT Web 2.0 tools are penetrating into organizations after their successful adoption in the consumer domain (eg, social networking; sharing of photos, videos, tags, or bookmarks; wiki-based editing). Some of these new tools and the collaborative processes that they support on the large scale are often referred to as Collective Intelligence (CI). The workshop brings together leading researchers and designers who are studying or developing CI tools aimed at workers in organizations.
Abstract. A study of a geography-based online community was undertaken, in part, to understand th... more Abstract. A study of a geography-based online community was undertaken, in part, to understand the factors that promote social interaction within the community. 120 participants in the online community completed a survey that investigated technology attitudes and use, general allocation of time, and civic engagement and attitudes about the physical community.
Social networking services (SNS) have been deployed within enterprises to encourage informal soci... more Social networking services (SNS) have been deployed within enterprises to encourage informal social interactions and information sharing. As such, users have turned to the status message functionality in a SNS for social information seeking by employing it as a medium for question asking. In this paper, we present the results of a qualitative study observing emergent question and answer (Q&A) behaviors in an enterprise SNS and then describe user motivations in employing this medium for social information seeking.
Abstract. Distributed work teams routinely use virtual meetings to support their collaborative wo... more Abstract. Distributed work teams routinely use virtual meetings to support their collaborative work. In this paper, we present a case study of the facilitation that was provided for a very large-scale distributed meeting. Small teams of facilitators were recruited, trained, and assigned to each of six discussion forums of ManagerJam, a 48 hour meeting of over 8,000 managers in a large global technology company.
Abstract In this work we analyze the behavior on a company-internal social network site to determ... more Abstract In this work we analyze the behavior on a company-internal social network site to determine which interaction patterns signal closeness between colleagues. Regression analysis suggests that employee behavior on social network sites (SNSs) reveals information about both professional and personal closeness.
Abstract Tagclouds are visual presentations of a set of words, typically a set of" tags" selected... more Abstract Tagclouds are visual presentations of a set of words, typically a set of" tags" selected by some rationale, in which attributes of the text such as size, weight, or color are used to represent features, such as frequency, of the associated terms. This note describes two studies to evaluate the effectiveness of differently constructed tagclouds for the various tasks they can be used to support, including searching, browsing, impression formation and recognition.
In this paper, we explore various search tasks that are supported by a social bookmarking service... more In this paper, we explore various search tasks that are supported by a social bookmarking service. These bookmarking services hold great potential to powerfully combine personal tagging of information sources with interactive browsing, resulting in better social navigation. While there has been considerable interest in social tagging systems in recent years, little is known about their actual usage. In this paper, we present the results of a field study of a social bookmarking service that has been deployed in a large enterprise.
ABSTRACT We compare six definitions of the concept of “representative user,” including interpreta... more ABSTRACT We compare six definitions of the concept of “representative user,” including interpretations based in statistics, grounded theory, political theory and design practice. Each approach has strengths; none is perfect. We hope to engage our colleagues in thinking about when and how we (all) might choose each approach.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IBM has defined and popularized the notion of eBusiness on demand and is focusi... more EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IBM has defined and popularized the notion of eBusiness on demand and is focusing its product and consulting businesses on enabling customers to transform themselves into on-demand organizations. An on-demand organization will be nimble, fast, and responsive:
In recent years, there has been tremendous growth in shared bookmarking applications. Introduced ... more In recent years, there has been tremendous growth in shared bookmarking applications. Introduced in 2003, the del. icio. us social bookmark website was one of the first of this kind of application, and has enjoyed an early and large base of committed users. A flurry of similar offerings has since been unveiled [see (Hammond, et al., 2005) for a recent review].
User evaluation: synthetic talking faces for interactive services
facial animation (FA) will be. We have undertaken experiments on 190 subjects in order to explore... more facial animation (FA) will be. We have undertaken experiments on 190 subjects in order to explore the benefits of FA. Part of the experiment was aimed at exploring the objective benefits, ie, to see if FA can help users to perform certain tasks better. The other part of the experiment was aimed at subjective benefits. At the same time comparison of different FA techniques was undertaken. We present the experiment design and the results.
Abstract. We review research (our own and others') on communities of practice. Crucial dimensions... more Abstract. We review research (our own and others') on communities of practice. Crucial dimensions of analysis include the balance between virtual and physical interactions, and the roles of people within the communities of practice. Keywords. Community of practice, online community, virtual community, physical community, associations, designers, roles.
ABSTRACT This article discusses the results of surveys that indicate the IBM Lotus Sametime insta... more ABSTRACT This article discusses the results of surveys that indicate the IBM Lotus Sametime instant messaging product is a successful “walk-up-and-use” application, requiring little documentation and no training. Users achieve a commercially significant level of performance within three months. In addition, over a much longer period, users continue to develop their skills (chat behaviors), social networks (chat partners), and attitudes toward the technology (reasons for using IM).
Abstract Social media has led to a data explosion and has begun to play an ever increasing role a... more Abstract Social media has led to a data explosion and has begun to play an ever increasing role as a valuable source of information and a mechanism for information discovery. The wealth of data highlights the need for methods to filter and sort information in order to allow users to discover useful information. Most traditional solutions focus on the user, either the user's social network, or a form of personalization based on collaborative filtering or predictive user modeling.
Abstract In this paper, we describe the identity policy decisions for a community network outside... more Abstract In this paper, we describe the identity policy decisions for a community network outside of Boston, Massachusetts. To promote trust and accountability, a member's online identity is their real-world identity; there is no anonymity. We conclude, based on analysis of the online interaction that this identity policy: bridged and enriched online and face-to-face interactions, promoted accountability in support of local commerce, and fostered a social norm of polite conversation.
In 2007, we launched an internal social network site for IBM employees designed to blur the bound... more In 2007, we launched an internal social network site for IBM employees designed to blur the boundaries of work and home, professional and personal, and business and fun. The website is called Beehive and is hosted by IBM Research as an experimental platform for studying and understanding the issues around adoption, usage, motivations, and impact of social networking in the workplace.
Abstract Gamification, the use of game mechanics in non-gaming applications, has been applied to ... more Abstract Gamification, the use of game mechanics in non-gaming applications, has been applied to various systems to encourage desired user behaviors. In this paper, we examine patterns of user activity in an enterprise social network service after the removal of a points-based incentive system. Our results reveal that the removal of the incentive scheme did reduce overall participation via contribution within the SNS.
Abstract One of the most challenging problems facing builders and facilitators of community netwo... more Abstract One of the most challenging problems facing builders and facilitators of community networks is to create and sustain social engagement among members. In this paper, we investigate the drivers of social engagement in a community network through the analysis of three data sources: activity logs, a member survey, and the content analysis of the conversation archives.
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Papers by David Millen