In the context of the evolving international relations system, small states are vulnerable to cha... more In the context of the evolving international relations system, small states are vulnerable to changes and transformations due to their limited capacity to adapt to the new operational environment of foreign and security policy risks and challenges. Given the increasing global geopolitical instability, including in the Indo-Pacific region in the wake of the United States’ Asia Pivot, this article seeks to address how a small state attempts to navigate the opportunities and risks while pursuing its national interest. The growing geopolitical confrontation between the U.S. and China is creating dilemmas for small states. New Zealand is used as a case study with the use of content analysis of text-based narratives from the annual reports of the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The analysis reveals the important role played by various domestic and external factors in shaping New Zealand’s approach as it seeks to leverage the best outcome for its aims and goals. Among these factors, the liberal values and norms projected to the outside world and the national brand of the country as a peace-loving power occupy an important place. The foreign policy narrative has thus far employed ambiguity, favouring economic relations with China and political and military relations with the United States to maximise opportunities and spread risks. However, this window is gradually closing with the increased tensions between the U.S. and China, as tensions between the US and China rise, forcing lesser powers to ‘choose sides.’ In this geopolitical climate, New Zealand’s ability to maintain its distinct foreign policy identity is becoming increasingly constrained and the country is losing its subjectivity.
The concept of “Greater Eurasia”: The Russian “turn to the East” and its consequences for the European Union from the geopolitical angle of analysis
Journal of Eurasian Studies
This article examines the Russian project of Greater Eurasia, the reasons for launching such an i... more This article examines the Russian project of Greater Eurasia, the reasons for launching such an initiative, and its possible influence on the current regional and global trends in the field of geopolitics, security policy, and relations between Russia and the European Union. The article argues that Greater Eurasia, as a developing geo-economic and geostrategic community, opens up opportunities for Russia and the European project to reset their relationship by creating new zones of mutual development.
The subject of the study is the specifics of the application of international humanitarian law (I... more The subject of the study is the specifics of the application of international humanitarian law (IHL) to the resolution of the humanitarian crisis in the Ethiopian state of Tigray. Crimes against humanity committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean troops in the conditions of warfare have been studied. It is argued that according to Article 3 of the II Additional Protocol to the Geneva Convention on the Protection of Victims of War, the federal center of Ethiopia, which protects the sovereignty of the State, acts correctly by suppressing the rebels of Tigray. However, this is in contradiction with the UN Security Council resolution on the situation with human rights and the human situation in Ethiopia and the 2021 Human Rights Council resolution S-33/1 "The situation of human rights in Ethiopia" indicating Ethiopia's violation of its international legal obligations with respect to civilians in armed conflict and IHL norms. Thus, the operation of IHL on the territory of the state is objectively suspended. The provisions and priorities of Refugee Law are considered separately in relation to the specifics of the refugee situation in Ethiopia, in particular the specifics of the Kampala Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa of 2009. It was found that both the federal authorities Kutafi n Law Review Volume 10 Issue 1 (2023) https://kulawr.msal.ru/ 138 and the opposing belligerents controlling the settlements of internally displaced persons on the territory of Ethiopia, do not fulfill their obligations under the Сonvention, which refers to the need for urgent further development of regional international treaties on assistance to forced migrants.
Юго-Восточная Азия: актуальные проблемы развития, 2020
The article discusses the parameters of human security in SouthEast Asia. The analysis of three s... more The article discusses the parameters of human security in SouthEast Asia. The analysis of three systems-physical, biological and socialrevealed the specifics of the security environment of the SEA countries. The situation with the COVID-19 virus, the difficulties it generates in the SEA countries. The authors conclude that in case the current trends continue, solving problems without strengthening regional cooperation within ASEAN is unlikely. But in order to translate this into reality, the Southeast Asian countries need to find a consensus on the ASEAN approach to human security.
Political marketing of activism in Russia: Causes, peculiarities and results
Cogent Social Sciences, 2019
Abstract Civil and political activism is not a monolithic, “one-size-fits-all” phenomenon. It is ... more Abstract Civil and political activism is not a monolithic, “one-size-fits-all” phenomenon. It is rather viewed as nationally unique, segmented political attempts to engage different groups of citizens into a civil movement. The paper explores the specifics and effectiveness of some types of Russian civil and political activism—female, youth, unofficial, religious. Based on a political marketing communications framework, the author argues that paradoxical specifics of civil and political activism in Russia tend to avoid political slogans, demands as well as content, adhering to the principle of neutrality which is the main idea fn the contemporary Russian domestic policy. Despite the pronounced demand for activism and changes, people are unready to fight and revolt. Russians are not under a universal crisis of values and goals, which usually spurs negative political activism. Various analytical surveys, reports and official documents compiled by Russian official agencies and think-tanks in 2010–2018, support the author’s arguments.
Moscow's Evolution as a Political Space: From Yuri Dolgorukiy to Sergei Sobyanin
Introduction The book aims to trace and explain the historical evolution of Moscow, the capital o... more Introduction The book aims to trace and explain the historical evolution of Moscow, the capital of the Tsardom of Russia, Soviet Union and Russian Federation, as a political entity and political community, and to understand what place Moscow occupied within the Russian political space and what role it played in Russian political life for centuries until 2018. The authors consistently examine the dramatic political history of the contemporary Russian capital in the Moscow (13th – 17th centuries) and St. Petersburg (18th – 19th centuries) epochs, in the Soviet period, in the post-Soviet era, and identify its key points and the most pivotal events. Marina Glaser (Kukartseva) is Professor of Philosophy in the Department of International Relations at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, and Professor of Philosophy at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow, Russia.
Expert Assistance in Security Politics: Problems and Possibilities
Философские науки, Jun 15, 2021
The article examines the problem of correlation between the “knowledge society” and “knowledge pr... more The article examines the problem of correlation between the “knowledge society” and “knowledge practice,” based on analysis of the phenomenon of security expertise as a part of political expertise. In the article, we consider the relationship between politics and security and demonstrate under what circumstances security becomes politics. It is noted that at present the concept of security has become very multifaceted and includes various spheres, from military-political to informational and humanitarian. We defines security expertise, list its key parameters, origin, its institutionalization and practices. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the main schools in the study of security expertise problems. Their general ideology and inherent problems are analyzed, including the correspondence of the quality of the expertise to recognized standards of scientific knowledge. We explain why security issues appeal to experts and result in numerous studies. We raise an issue of causes that may lead to possible deprofessionalization of security expertise. We identify a number of institutions with an expert status in the field of security and explain the global growth of analytical centers specializing in security expertise. A brief description of such analytical centers and their main features is given. We look into examples of practical impact of expertise on political decision-making, and possible mechanisms of expert support. It is concluded that expert analysis can exercise direct impact on political processes, and the experts become influential shadow participants. On the one hand, this may contribute to adopting more balanced decisions, but, on the other hand, it may result in deprofessionalization of experts who will try to adjust to the demands of politicians. Thus, in the sphere of security expertise, one of the results of the formation of a “knowledge society” is a decrease in the autonomy of the scientific sphere, which has a side effect in the form of deprofessionalization of knowledge.
Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Москва) Дипломатическая акад... more Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Москва) Дипломатическая академия МИД РФ Николай Новик Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Москва) Никита Бондаренко Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Москва) Аннотация Рассмотрены тактики забвения как стратегического инструмента исторической политики государств. Они эксплицированы на эмпирическом материале двух стран Восточной Азии-Индонезии и Японии. В случае Индонезии феномен забвения особенно сильно проявляется в отношении исторической памяти о массовом насилии против политических соперников правящего режима и этнических меньшинств в 1960-1980-х гг. А в случае Японии феномен забвения был изучен в стратегии исторической политики премьер-министра Синдзо Абэ в двусторонних отношениях Японии и Республики Корея. Чтобы выявить специфику подхода стран Восточной Азии к реализации своей политики памяти была использована типология различных тактик забвения, предложенная английским социологом Полом Коннертоном. Были определены тактики забвения Японии и Индонезии, сходства и различия подходов Японии и Индонезии к ним. В данном исследовании обнаружено, что странам Восточной Азии сложно найти взаимопонимание в проблемах интерпретации прошлого своих стран. Возможность достичь взаимных договоренностей в среднесрочной перспективе не просматривается, что может привести к увеличению риска появления новых угроз стабильности и безопасности восточноазиатского региона.
The subject of the study is the specifics of the application of international humanitarian law (I... more The subject of the study is the specifics of the application of international humanitarian law (IHL) to the resolution of the humanitarian crisis in the Ethiopian state of Tigray. Crimes against humanity committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean troops in the conditions of warfare have been studied. It is argued that according to Article 3 of the II Additional Protocol to the Geneva Convention on the Protection of Victims of War, the federal center of Ethiopia, which protects the sovereignty of the State, acts correctly by suppressing the rebels of Tigray. However, this is in contradiction with the UN Security Council resolution on the situation with human rights and the human situation in Ethiopia and the 2021 Human Rights Council resolution S-33/1 "The situation of human rights in Ethiopia" indicating Ethiopia's violation of its international legal obligations with respect to civilians in armed conflict and IHL norms. Thus, the operation of IHL on the territory of the state is objectively suspended. The provisions and priorities of Refugee Law are considered separately in relation to the specifics of the refugee situation in Ethiopia, in particular the specifics of the Kampala Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa of 2009. It was found that both the federal authorities Kutafi n Law Review Volume 10 Issue 1 (2023) https://kulawr.msal.ru/ 138 and the opposing belligerents controlling the settlements of internally displaced persons on the territory of Ethiopia, do not fulfill their obligations under the Сonvention, which refers to the need for urgent further development of regional international treaties on assistance to forced migrants.
The Presidentialization of Political Parties in Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, 2023
The analysis of the political systems of the three post-Soviet states— Russia, Belarus, and Kazak... more The analysis of the political systems of the three post-Soviet states— Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan- , shows that in each of these states, party politics gradually became a prisoner of presidential personalist regimes, albeit in varying degrees.
The article examines the role of religion in the formation of societal
security in three countrie... more The article examines the role of religion in the formation of societal security in three countries of Africa — Ivory Coast, Ghana and Gabon. The authors focused on the correlation of indigenous African traditions, Christianity and Islam in the political elites’ search for a post‑colonial national identity. The authors identify religion’s various relations to societal security. In the Ivory Coast, religious violence was the result of political manipulation of religious beliefs of different groups, which has blown up societal security. In Ghana, the society was not religiously split because the state emphasized civic identity, which stabilized the security. In Gabon, the politicization of religion turned the head of state into a “supernatural being”, which devalued societal security. The authors show that in Ivory Coast, and especially in Gabon, the role of religion in society is more significant than in Ghana. Despite the contextual differences in the political and cultural spheres of the countries under study, none of them could have traditional religion as a driver of political change, but everywhere it has proved to be a catalyst for it. In the context of the formation of national identity, religion in African societies most often appears not as a primary factor of civil conflicts, but as a motivating, situational factor associated with communal violence
The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 2020
The article explores the specifics of Russian discourse of globalization. The key features of the... more The article explores the specifics of Russian discourse of globalization. The key features of the discourse of the Russian idea in the Russian intellectual space, features of the relations of the Russian and Western intellectual discourse are considered. The characteristics of the Russian discourse of globalization from within and globalization from the outside are given and identified on the basis of an analysis of Russia's economic and political opportunities in its domestic and foreign policy. It was concluded that Russia in the modern world, where it is one of the key players in big politics and the world economy, thinks and acts globally. It is a globalized country in the fight against the dark side of globalization, but is at a certain distance from managing global security in the military sphere due to the actual lack of cooperation with NATO and Washington. It is argued that Russia offers an alternative globalization project to the West, with emphasis on the national sovereignty of countries and integration based on consent. Various analytical surveys, reports, and official documents compiled by Russian official agencies and think-tanks in 2012-2019 support the author's arguments.
Expert Assistance in Security Politics: Problems and Possibilities
Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences, 2021
The article examines the problem of correlation between the “knowledge society” and “knowledge pr... more The article examines the problem of correlation between the “knowledge society” and “knowledge practice,” based on analysis of the phenomenon of security expertise as a part of political expertise. In the article, we consider the relationship between politics and security and demonstrate under what circumstances security becomes politics. It is noted that at present the concept of security has become very multifaceted and includes various spheres, from military-political to informational and humanitarian. We defines security expertise, list its key parameters, origin, its institutionalization and practices. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the main schools in the study of security expertise problems. Their general ideology and inherent problems are analyzed, including the correspondence of the quality of the expertise to recognized standards of scientific knowledge. We explain why security issues appeal to experts and result in numerous studies. We raise an issue ...
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Papers by Marina Glaser
security in three countries of Africa — Ivory Coast, Ghana and
Gabon. The authors focused on the correlation of indigenous African
traditions, Christianity and Islam in the political elites’ search for
a post‑colonial national identity. The authors identify religion’s
various relations to societal security. In the Ivory Coast, religious
violence was the result of political manipulation of religious beliefs
of different groups, which has blown up societal security. In Ghana,
the society was not religiously split because the state emphasized civic
identity, which stabilized the security. In Gabon, the politicization of
religion turned the head of state into a “supernatural being”, which
devalued societal security. The authors show that in Ivory Coast, and
especially in Gabon, the role of religion in society is more significant
than in Ghana. Despite the contextual differences in the political and
cultural spheres of the countries under study, none of them could have
traditional religion as a driver of political change, but everywhere it
has proved to be a catalyst for it. In the context of the formation of
national identity, religion in African societies most often appears not
as a primary factor of civil conflicts, but as a motivating, situational
factor associated with communal violence