Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship that attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help have with religiosity and religious orientation among members of the Greek Orthodox Church in the United States. In addition, this study also investigated the nature of the relationship that confessional involvement has with: religious orientation, religiosity, attitudes toward seeking help, and ethnic background. This is important because Greek Americans, for reasons perhaps related to culture and religion, have historically displayed a reticence to seek professional psychological help when there are psychological problems. There is a paucity of research on the role religiosity and religious orientation has on seeking professional help for mental health problems. Members of a large-sized, urban, Greek Orthodox parish completed a questionnaire consisting of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help scale, short form-revised (Fischer & Farina, 1995); the New Indices of Religious Orientation scale, short form (Francis, 2007); and the Christian Orthodox Religiousness Scale, (Chliaoutakis et al., 2002). The results indicated a strong, positive relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and religiosity; a weak, negative relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and religiosity; and no evidence of a relationship between the variables of religious orientation, religiosity and attitudes toward seeking help. Those intrinsic in religious orientation have a higher confessional involvement. No evidence of a relationship between attitudes toward seeking help and confessional involvement. A difference existed between Greek and non-Greek participants and Greek respondents had more positive attitudes toward seeking help with a reduced level of participation in confession. Limitations of this study include a small return rate and a narrow, demographic range of participants. The implications of the findings of this study were discussed and suggestions for future research were made. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Over the long period of my education there have been many people who have assisted me in one way or another. It is impossible to thank everyone. I would first like to acknowledge and thank my advisor, Dr. Dennis Maki for his patient and persistent support. His kind and gentle guidance kept me on the right road to accomplishing my goal. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship that attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help have with religiosity and religious orientation among members of the Greek Orthodox Church in the United States. In addition, this study also investigated the nature of the relationship that confessional involvement has with: religious orientation, religiosity, attitudes toward seeking help, and ethnic background. This is important because Greek Americans, for reasons perhaps related to culture and religion, have historically displayed a reticence to seek professional psychological help when there are psychological problems. There is a paucity of research on the role religiosity and religious orientation has on seeking professional help for mental health problems. Members of a large-sized, urban, Greek Orthodox parish completed a questionnaire consisting of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help scale, short form-revised (Fischer & Farina, 1995); the New Indices of Religious Orientation scale, short form (Francis, 2007); and the Christian Orthodox Religiousness Scale, (Chliaoutakis et al., 2002). The results indicated a strong, positive relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and religiosity; a weak, negative relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and religiosity; and no evidence of a relationship between the variables of religious orientation, religiosity and attitudes toward seeking help. Those intrinsic in religious orientation have a higher confessional involvement. No evidence of a relationship between attitudes toward seeking help and confessional involvement. A difference existed between Greek and non-Greek participants and Greek respondents had more positive attitudes toward seeking help with a reduced level of participation in confession. Limitations of this study include a small return rate and a narrow, demographic range of participants. The implications of the findings of this study were discussed and suggestions for future research were made. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Over the long period of my education there have been many people who have assisted me in one way or another. It is impossible to thank everyone. I would first like to acknowledge and thank my advisor, Dr. Dennis Maki for his patient and persistent support. His kind and gentle guidance kept me on the right road to accomplishing my goal. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr.

There is growing awareness that a substantial share of undergraduates are food insecure, potentially undermining investments in higher education and hindering upward social mobility. This mixed-methods paper uses survey and interview data from low-income students at 42 public colleges and universities in Wisconsin to illuminate the day-today experiences of food insecurity and examine how food security status varies across background characteristics. Results indicate that students who grew up in food insecure homes, self-identify as a racial/ethnic minority, live off-campus, and attend college in an urban area are significantly more likely to report the lowest level of food security, often associated with hunger. Students explain that challenges stemming from the interrelationship of lack of time and inadequate money are their biggest barriers to food security. Most rely on friends or family for support, but few students draw on the social safety net, in part due to eligibility restrictions. In recognition of the diversity of students' experiences, we discuss the need for a multi-faceted response to promote food security and student success.

There is growing awareness that a substantial share of undergraduates are food insecure, potentially undermining investments in higher education and hindering upward social mobility. This mixed-methods paper uses survey and interview data from low-income students at 42 public colleges and universities in Wisconsin to illuminate the day-to-day experiences of food insecurity and examine how food security status varies across background characteristics. Results indicate that students who grew up in food insecure homes, self-identify as a racial/ethnic minority, live off-campus, and attend college in an urban area are significantly more likely to report the lowest level of food security, often associated with hunger. Students explain that challenges stemming from the interrelationship of lack of time and inadequate money are their biggest barriers to food security. Most rely on friends or family for support, but few students draw on the social safety net, in part due to eligibility rest...

Was early Christianity really just a form of Stoicism? Some people answer in the affirmative. They say the Bible is just literature, key parts of the faith are fiction, and the moral basis of the religion is repurposed Greek philosophy. This last point is particularly important, because Christianity did spread throughout the ancient world, which raises the question: How could a religion based on lies spread so far and penetrate so deeply into the Western world? To explain this success, and to combat the legitimacy of Christianity, skeptics allege that Christianity is unoriginal--it is just warmed-over Hellenistic philosophy, particularly Stoicism. In this brief study, I explored the basic principles of Stoicism and Christianity, the similarities and differences between the two, and reached a conclusion about this important question.

With increasing censorship in the United States, including startling revelations from the release of "Twitter files" on the level of government involvement in the flow of information, it seems like a good time to release this 1993 paper on how the Nazis controlled the media in Germany during the 1930s. The paper has several good sources which can still be examined and it shows how the Nazis used a variety of methods to transform Germany's free press into a tool for propaganda. Laws that purported to "free" editors in Germany, laws to shield papers from religion, laws to "protect" the German people from misinformation, intimidation, and financial pressure all served to kill freedom of the press. This paper was written in my senior year of college on my way to a MA in history and a career as a history professor. I have changed very little from the original paper, making only grammatical corrections.