Conference Presentations by Shokhan Mohammed Fatah
Tishk International University VESAL, 2024
The interaction of language and cultural identity is central to the themes portrayed in the Harle... more The interaction of language and cultural identity is central to the themes portrayed in the Harlem Renaissance literature. Zora Neale Hurston's short story Spunk illustrates the cultural element and interaction among Blacks during the Harlem Renaissance. This paper aims to focus on the language dynamics, specifically code-switching, in the short story Spunk. As part of her depiction of her characters' multilingual identities, Hurston emphasizes code-switching between Standard English and African American Vernacular English within the context of what may be characterized as quotidian discursivity. She also makes connections between the code of speech and issues of class, power, and subject positioning. The study is mainly qualitative and text-based; it utilizes code-switching to understand the motivations, interpersonal dynamics, and inner struggles of the characters. Hurston was already using language to portray the characters' socioeconomic positions and identity problems as they negotiated a racist society, according to the research, she effectively portrays a more sophisticated and perceptive understanding of language as a tool for plot advancement and symbolic cultural history definition in the play. From a perspective on the power dynamics in language and culture, this paper concludes that Hurston had a significant impact on the growth of African American literature and that her distinctive depictions of the Black experience remain influential.
13th International Conference on Educational Studies and Applied Linguistics-VESAL 2023 Book of Proceedings, 2023
As an African American female writer, Maya Angelou depicts the strength and power of black women ... more As an African American female writer, Maya Angelou depicts the strength and power of black women and protests the misconceptions and the prejudice of the white. Black women are perceived by the white to be less smart and attractive than the white. Although, Angelou resists the mistaken stereotypes regarding black women to be ugly and weak. In her poems, Angelou presents strong and confident black women who can stand for their rights and be, at least, as equal as to the white women. She is a great defender and supporter of women's rights. The fact that she is a black woman makes the study deeper as her poems present an oppressed woman and a subjugated black person who disallows the inequalities and stands up for her rights. Thus, this paper, through a multiracial-feminist theory, attempts to scrutinize Angelou's "Still I Rise" and "Phenomenal Woman" which reflect the empowerment of black women.
This study examines emotional growth in Lorrie Moore's Who Will Run the Frog Hospital? The story ... more This study examines emotional growth in Lorrie Moore's Who Will Run the Frog Hospital? The story combines adolescence, friendship, and adulthood through a thematic inquiry. The plot revolves around Berie and her best friend, Sils, whose relationship embodies teenage angst. Their friendship is both a refuge, comforting and understanding, and a crucible, shaping their characters and identities. This paper shows how Moore conveys the bittersweet nature of growing up-the wonder and loss, clarity, and uncertainty, and yearning for something beyond the present-through important moments. The study's rich representation of characters' mental landscapes illuminates the universal experience of evolving from childhood innocence to maturity complexity. Moore skillfully depicts the emotional rollercoaster of youth, emphasizing small, meaningful moments that signal deeper emotional upheavals. Lorrie Moore demonstrates how a close reading of Who Will Run the Frog Hospital? deeply examines emotional maturation, reflecting the intricacies and inconsistencies of growing up. Moore explores themes of friendship, identity, loss, and self-discovery through Berie's experiences, providing a complex depiction of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. This thematic inquiry emphasizes the long-term impact of formative years on our emotional lives, as well as the continual process of self-awareness and acceptance. The research methodology entails extensively examining the main text to determine how Moore discloses fundamental aspects of emotional maturation. Secondary sources are thoroughly analyzed to support the argument.
Al-Adab Journal, 2023
As a postcolonial text, Dream on Monkey Mountain depicts the colonial discourses regarding the bl... more As a postcolonial text, Dream on Monkey Mountain depicts the colonial discourses regarding the black. Derek Walcott has vividly presented the sufferings of the black in his play. The inferiority of the black is explicitly reflected in which the white is superior and the black is less than human beings. The best method to approach this text is from a postcolonial viewpoint. Major postcolonial concepts such as othering, mimicry and hybridity. The importance of this study is that major postcolonial legacies are mirrored in this play. The portrayal of racism and the weakness of the blacks are openly presented.
Industrialization in William Wordsworth's Selected Poems, 2019
William Wordsworth (1770-1850) is undeniably one of the most significant Romantic poets. He is fa... more William Wordsworth (1770-1850) is undeniably one of the most significant Romantic poets. He is famous for his love for nature. He finds tranquility and solitude in the company of nature. For him, nature is everything, including faith and God. Wordsworth believes that God has mirrored himself through nature. The industrial revolution made life more complicated, yet productive. The industrial revolution solved some problems while it caused some others, violation of nature is among the most distressing one. As a worshiper of nature, Wordsworth has noticed this impairment and portrayed the two lives, one closer to nature and the other industrialized. This paper aims at presenting William Wordsworth's love for nature through standing against industrialization. His poetry preserves the persistence of nature without any destructive mechanization. From this perspective, three poems of Wordsworth are explained to elucidate the different ways of his approach to new technological innovations and urbanization. The poems include; "The World is Too Much with Us", "Steamboats, Viaducts, and Railways" and "On the Projected Kendal and Windermere Railway". Prior to describing industrialization in the poems, the industrial revolution and its outcomes are generally introduced. Besides, a brief account is given to the British Romanticism due to the fact that Wordsworth is one of the key poets of the movement.
Papers by Shokhan Mohammed Fatah
Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (KUJHSS), 2023
This paper highlights the literary achievement of William Styron's (1925-2006) debut novel Lie Do... more This paper highlights the literary achievement of William Styron's (1925-2006) debut novel Lie Down in Darkness (1951) from a reader-response approach. The novel's plot, characters, and themes evoke relatable emotions in the readers' minds. By studying the emotional developments of the protagonist Peyton, through her thoughts, words, and symbols, this paper examines the emotional response the novel's aestheticism provokes in readers. The research gives a brief background and explains the main premises of the reader-response theory according to the American critic Louise M. Rosenblatt. The study elucidates the tools of imagery and symbolism used by Styron to make readers reflect on their personal experiences in relation to issues like sin, guilt, loss, nostalgia, and failure. Through an exploration of the characters, themes, and narrative structure, this analysis reveals the novel's capacity to resonate on a deeply personal and individual level. The Loftis family's complex dynamics and internal struggles serve as a mirror through which readers reflect on their own experiences, forming unique connections and interpretations. The narrative's shifting perspectives and temporal shifts invite readers to actively construct meaning, further fostering a dynamic reader-text relationship.
Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching , 2024
This qualitative study investigates the portrayal of human nature's mystique through theoretical ... more This qualitative study investigates the portrayal of human nature's mystique through theoretical analysis. Using a fabulist, mythological approach, William Golding delves into the complexities of human psychology. This study explores the novel's thematic examination of civilization and savagery, demonstrating how the boys' descent into chaos reflects both innate human wickedness and the fragility of social conventions. By analyzing characters, symbols, and narrative structures, the research clarifies the intricate relationship between civilization and barbarism through the lens of primal instincts and societal norms. The study reveals that Golding's depiction of human psychology effectively illustrates the tension between civilization and savagery. The primary text analysis shows how Golding portrays fundamental human characteristics, highlighting the inherent darkness within and the struggle to maintain societal order. Secondary sources are also carefully examined to support this argument. The significance of this study lies in its depiction of the duality of human nature as represented in the novel, offering insights into the delicate balance between our civilized veneers and underlying primal instincts.
The Achievers Journal Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture , 2024
This paper explores Mick Short’s model of deviation to analyze linguistic deviations
in Gabriel ... more This paper explores Mick Short’s model of deviation to analyze linguistic deviations
in Gabriel García Márquez’s short story The Very Old Man with Enormous Wings.
The study adopts a qualitative research approach, and the investigation within the
text involves the paradigmatic analysis of various types and forms of deviations of
discoursal, semantic, lexical, grammatical, morphological, phonological,
graphological nature, and even internal and external deviations as exist in the text of
García Márquez. Literally challenging the normative semiotic code, García Márquez
undermines readers’ expectations and adds to the plot the element of magical realism.
The paper also stresses that these deviations are not merely matters of the author’s
stylistic preferences; these deviations are part of the work’s depth on the thematic and
symbolic levels. The usage of repetition and other techniques can be seen in this text
as well. García Márquez deliberately distorts language which contributes to building
an atmosphere of dream-like reality, where even such trivial things as the loss of a
tooth turn into a miracle, and the readers are forced to experience not only the events
but their reflections. This paper aims to investigate how linguistic deviations
contribute to the thematic depth and symbolic richness of García Márquez’s work,
examining how these deviations enhance the narrative’s magical realism. The
objective is to provide a detailed linguistic analysis that clarifies the interaction
between form and meaning, demonstrating how García Márquez’s stylistic choices
shape the reader’s experience of the text.
Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (KUJHSS) , 2024
Literary texts usually capture the social, political, and cultural situation of the era in which ... more Literary texts usually capture the social, political, and cultural situation of the era in which they are produced. Scholars can learn about the ideas, attitudes, and issues of diverse historical eras by studying works from different centuries. This aids in comprehending how cultures have changed through time and how literary works have been impacted by historical occurrences. Analyzing literary texts from various ages offers a wealth of possibilities. Researchers can look at how writers respond to the works of their predecessors, how literary traditions evolve over time, and how comparable issues are handled differently in different historical eras. Hence, the researcher tackles two poems from different centuries. Walt Whitman (1819-1892) was an American poet, novelist, and journalist. He was a humanist. He inspired many poets such as Ezra Pound (1885-1972), William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), Simon Ortiz (1941), and Allen Ginsberg (1926-1997). Whitman's poems are notable for their appreciation of the natural world, the human body, democracy, individualism, and the idea that all people are connected. He frequently wrote in a free-form style without following conventional rhyme or meter, using lengthy lines. Walt Whitman had a huge impact on American poetry and literature. He set the standard for modernist and free verse poetry with his unconventional style. He is regarded as a forerunner of
Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching, 2025
This paper examines gendered language in Jamaica Kincaid's short story 'Girl' through J. L. Austi... more This paper examines gendered language in Jamaica Kincaid's short story 'Girl' through J. L. Austin's Speech Act Theory and Robin Lakoff's Deficit Model. Structured as a monologue of maternal instructions, the narrative provides a lens to analyze language's performative function in reinforcing authority, dependency, and gender norms. Applying Speech Act Theory, the study explores how directives, warnings, and illocutionary acts preserve traditional femininity and power relations. Simultaneously, it engages with the Deficit Model to demonstrate how women's language is positioned as less assertive, shaping the daughter's social identity. Using qualitative content analysis, the study examines linguistic features and speech acts to identify patterns of gendered language and power dynamics. Findings reveal that the mother's speech acts, particularly commands and warnings, function as tools of linguistic control, reinforcing patriarchal ideologies and expectations. The paper highlights the role of language in shaping female identity through authoritative discourse, demonstrating how speech acts contribute to sustaining social hierarchies. By offering a nuanced exploration of gendered linguistic structures, this research contributes to sociolinguistic and literary discourse, deepening the understanding of power, identity, and representation in literary texts. The work underscores how language encodes and perpetuates gendered ideologies, adding to broader discussions on discourse, power relations, and identity formation in literature.
Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences, 2023
Literary movements are generally shaped by the historical events preceding and/or occurring durin... more Literary movements are generally shaped by the historical events preceding and/or occurring during their establishment. Features of an author's society find their way through a literary work and lie between the lines, even when not intended by the author. H. G. Wells' The War of The Worlds (1898) is a vivid example of this type. The novel is written during a time when The British Empire has invaded several countries. Thus, the idea of colonization has filled the British people with invasion and its consequences. The difference, however, is highlighted by Wells through depicting a reverse colonization of England by aliens from Mars. The Martins' representation portrays the justifications which imperialists and their proponents used in order to moralize and authenticate their actions .
Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences , 2023
This article attempts at conducting a stylistic analytical study of a renowned poem by Lewis Carr... more This article attempts at conducting a stylistic analytical study of a renowned poem by Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky. It tries to unveil the variations and schemes of linguistic stylistics that can be found in the poem. Carroll's famed poem captivates with its linguistic deviations and imaginative storytelling. This scholarly investigation embarks on a comprehensive stylistic analysis of the iconic poem, delving into its distinctive linguistic features. By exploring Carroll's masterful manipulation of language, especially in the realm of linguistics and stylistics, this research aims at unraveling the poetic brilliance and esthetic allure of Jabberwocky. The inquiry commences with a meticulous examination of Carroll's artful utilization of linguistic play, boldly challenging conventional language norms and stretching the reader's comprehension. The poem's unique blend of real and invented words creates boundless creativity. His language exhibits distinctiveness and versatility, employing a diverse array of grammatical and poetic devices to manifest his unique style, thereby adding depth and intrigue to the poem. The methodology entails a comprehensive stylistic analysis based on Geoffrey Leech's eight models of deviations and schemes. Overall, this article will show how linguistic-stylistic bridges the gap between language and literature studies, enriching researchers' understanding of poetry within applied linguistics by scrutinizing the poet's linguistic devices, structures, and effects. The article will encompass a theoretical explanation within the domains of literary analysis, poetic language analysis, and cognitive poetry in the realm of linguistic analysis.
“I’m Cold All the Time Anyway”: A Psycho-Feminist Study of Marsha Norman’s ’Night, Mother
This article is an inter-disciplinary study of Marsh Norman’s ‘Night, Mother. Marsha Norman is an... more This article is an inter-disciplinary study of Marsh Norman’s ‘Night, Mother. Marsha Norman is an American playwright who is famous for addressing the dilemmas of women in her writings. Female characters in her plays are generally depicted as victims of their societies. They are situated in a place in which they are powerless and helpless about improving their own conditions. This study aims at exposing the psychological suffering of the main character in relation to the socially imposed standards of living. According to different theories of feminist critics such as Kate Millet, Luce Irigary, Jane Stoppard, and psycho feminist theories of Nancy Chodorow, in addition to going back to the science of psychology, it shows that the life of women is predetermined by social values and norms. It also shows that the kind of life assigned to women based on their gender roles and feminine duty is the factor behind women’s psychological anguish and self-destructive decisions, such as committing suicide.
مجلة جامعة كويه للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية, Feb 18, 2023
Human beings have always endeavored to consider and interfere about the things around them, inclu... more Human beings have always endeavored to consider and interfere about the things around them, including other creatures. Man has manipulated his surroundings of the natural things for different reasons such as clothing, foods, shelter, protection and defense. He/she has not hesitated to use plants and animals for his service. With the passage of time, man has also manipulated on his own genetics for the sake of testing, surgery, curiosity and improving his race. The early attempts of the manipulations were on animals to experiment and meet the scientist's expectances.
Journal of University of Garmian, 2020
One of the most outstanding poets, novelists and short story writers in American literature is Sy... more One of the most outstanding poets, novelists and short story writers in American literature is Sylvia Plath (1932-1963). A confessional poet whose texts are genuine in style and subject matter. Death is a dominant theme in the poetry of Sylvia Plath. She had dealt with this topic from various perspectives. Her father's death left her dejected. Besides, her husband's betrayal made her more forlorn and desperate. All of these events in her life caused her mental state disorder and this is clear in the poems I chose to analyze, "Daddy", "Lady Lazarus", and "Edge". This paper examines Plath's depiction of death in her poetry and the illustration of death related to her biography. It also aims at presenting the existence of death in her life and the absence of the fear of death in her poetry as well; which is her observation of death. Moreover, it will examine how Sylvia Plath"s mental state did affect her works and how it is important for the reader to know the background of Sylvia Plath to understand her works. Hence, the paper will start with introducing her style of writing. Then, the paper analyzes the selected poems accordingly. For this purpose, the paper will give a deep dive into the selected poems of the poet"s posthumously poem collection book "Ariel", and conclude the overall picture of each poem for better understanding the reasons behind the poet"s behaviors. Finally, the paper concludes the findings of the study.
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Conference Presentations by Shokhan Mohammed Fatah
Papers by Shokhan Mohammed Fatah
in Gabriel García Márquez’s short story The Very Old Man with Enormous Wings.
The study adopts a qualitative research approach, and the investigation within the
text involves the paradigmatic analysis of various types and forms of deviations of
discoursal, semantic, lexical, grammatical, morphological, phonological,
graphological nature, and even internal and external deviations as exist in the text of
García Márquez. Literally challenging the normative semiotic code, García Márquez
undermines readers’ expectations and adds to the plot the element of magical realism.
The paper also stresses that these deviations are not merely matters of the author’s
stylistic preferences; these deviations are part of the work’s depth on the thematic and
symbolic levels. The usage of repetition and other techniques can be seen in this text
as well. García Márquez deliberately distorts language which contributes to building
an atmosphere of dream-like reality, where even such trivial things as the loss of a
tooth turn into a miracle, and the readers are forced to experience not only the events
but their reflections. This paper aims to investigate how linguistic deviations
contribute to the thematic depth and symbolic richness of García Márquez’s work,
examining how these deviations enhance the narrative’s magical realism. The
objective is to provide a detailed linguistic analysis that clarifies the interaction
between form and meaning, demonstrating how García Márquez’s stylistic choices
shape the reader’s experience of the text.