Proceedings of TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES, ICI Ghaziabad, Dec 19, 2013
An earthquake force is a very strange force and behaves quite differently than Gravity and Wind l... more An earthquake force is a very strange force and behaves quite differently than Gravity and Wind loads, striking the weakest spot in the whole three dimensional structure. It’s not earthquake that kills, in fact ignorance in design and poor quality construction results in many weaknesses in the structure that cause serious damage to life and property. Masonry Infill are frequently used to fill the gap between the vertical and horizontal resisting elements of the building frames with the assumption that these infills will not take part in resisting any kind of load either axial or lateral. Hence, its significance in the analysis is generally neglected by the designer. In fact, infill wall and shear wall considerably enhance the rigidity and strength of the frame structure. Various researches suggest that the bare frame has comparatively lesser stiffness and strength than the infill frame and frame with shear wall, therefore their ignorance cause failure of many multi-storey buildings when subjected to seismic loads. In the present study, the finite element analysis of RC frame models viz. a bare frame; a frame with shear wall considering infill; a bare frame with shear wall has been carried out and the number of storeys vary as G+3, G+5, G+7 and G+9. Linear analysis of all RC frame structures has been performed as per IS: 1893 (Part 1) - 2002 and IS: 456 - 2000. In this study only in-plane stiffness of masonry wall has been considered and infill panels modelled as equivalent diagonal strut elements. The behaviour of buildings subjected to Gravity and Seismic loads with the help of Response Spectrum Analysis using FEM based software and the effect on Time Period, Mass Participation factor, and Storey Drift has been observed. Strength and Rigidity of RC bare frame structures is found increasing after the inclusion of infill panels and shear wall.
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any analytical mathematical equation. Therefore, in present study, the performance of soft computing techniques over conventional method has been assessed for some typical gauging sites of river Ganga. The results obtained in the present study are highly promising and suggest that GMDH and GEP modelling are the versatile techniques and represent an improved alternative to the conventional approach for the flood frequency analysis.
foundation. The phenomenon of scour at the pier placed on sediments is extremely complex in nature. Only a limited number of
studies have been reported on local scour around bridge piers in cohesive sediment mainly due to the fact that scour modeling in
cohesive beds is relatively more complex than that in sandy beds. Recent research has made good progress in the development of
data-driven technique based on artificial intelligence (AI). It has been reported that AI-based inductive modeling techniques are
frequently used to model complex process due to their powerful and non-linear model structures and their increased capabilities
to capture the cause and effect relationship of such complex processes. Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is one of the AI
techniques that have emerged as a powerful tool in modeling complex phenomenon into simpler chromosomal architecture. This
technique has been proved to be more accurate and much simpler than other AI tools. In the present study, an attempt has been
made to implement GEP for the development of scour depth prediction model at bridge piers in cohesive sediments using
laboratory data available in literature. The present study reveals that the performance of GEP is better than nonlinear regression
model for the prediction of scour depth at piers in cohesive beds.
thus there is limited number of studies available on local scour at bridge abutments on cohesive
sediment. Recently, a good progress has been made in the development of data-driven techniques
based on artificial intelligence (AI). It has been reported that AI-based inductive modelling
techniques are frequently used to model complex process due to their powerful and non-linear model
structures and their increased capabilities to capture the cause and effect relationship of such
complex processes. Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is one of the AI techniques that have
emerged as a powerful tool in modelling complex phenomenon into simpler chromosomal
architecture. This technique has been proved to be more accurate and much simpler than other AI
tools. In the present study, an attempt has been made to implement GEP for the development of
scour depth prediction model at bridge abutments in cohesive sediments using laboratory data
available in literature. The present study reveals that the performance of GEP is better than nonlinear
regression model for the prediction of scour depth at abutments in cohesive beds.
structures. Masonry in-fills are frequently used to fill the voids between the vertical and
horizontal resisting elements of the building frames with the assumption that these in-fills
will not take part in resisting any kind of load either axial or lateral. Hence, its significance in
the analysis of frame generally neglected. In fact, an in-fill wall considerably enhances the
rigidity and strength of the frame structure. Researches pointed that the frame considering no
in-fill has comparatively lesser stiffness and strength than the in-fill frame and therefore their
ignorance cause failure of many multi-storey buildings when subjected to seismic loads.
Hence, the common practice of ignoring in-fills and designing the buildings as bare frame is
not always conservative.In the present study, a finite element analysis of R.C.C frame with
and without in-fills (bare frame), frame considering in-fills at all storeys except the first and
further also with shear walls has been carried out. The seismic performance of the above RC
structures with masonry in-fills carried out by response spectrum method conforming IS-
1893: 2002. Number of stories has also been varied from G+3 to G+9 and the behaviour of
these buildings under Gravity and Seismic loads has been observed.
In the present study, the effect of staircase on RC frame structures has been carried out by adopting various building models (a bare frame, a frame having infill panels and a frame having infill except first storey) with and without staircase and number of storeys of the building has been varied from 4 storeys to 10 storeys. The Linear Response Spectrum analysis of the models has been carried out as per IS: 1893 (Part 1) - 2002 and IS: 456 – 2000 with the help of FEM based software. Seismic characteristics in terms of Time period, Mass Participation Factor and Storey Drift have been compared with the seismic characteristics of models without staircase. Further, the effect of changing position of staircase in the building has also been observed. In addition to these, short column effect, variation in moments of beams and columns that are attached to staircase slab, failure and deformation in staircase models and comparison of effects of infill panels have also been studied.