IJEMS VOL.1 ISSUE 9 by Allied Journals
Security is an important issue in network communication. A wormhole attack is one of the hardest ... more Security is an important issue in network communication. A wormhole attack is one of the hardest problems in mobile ad-hoc network. In wormhole attack a malicious node captures packets from one location in the network, and tunnels them to another malicious node at a distant point, which replays them locally. There are many techniques to detect and prevent them. In this survey paper we find some detection techniques and classify the proposed solution in which prevent the routing protocol against the wormhole attack. In this paper we present a security enhancement to dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol against wormhole attacks for ad hoc networks.
The study of the dynamics of a real system requires the modeling of the system. Models of the sys... more The study of the dynamics of a real system requires the modeling of the system. Models of the systems are simplified, abstracted constructs used to predict their behavior. Using the language of bond graph, one may construct models of all type of physical systems. The models will be mathematical models represented by uniform graphical notation and a small set of ideal elements.
In this paper the dynamic behavior of electromechanical linear actuators is being discussed with the motive is to develop a universal model by using unified approach of bond graph that gives the opportunity to simulate both existing and new systems without having to remodel the entire system each time. The work refers to analyze the functional parameters of electromechanical linear actuators by modeling of different components of EMLA using bond graph. Given a bond graph model, causality can be assigned and algebraic-differential equations can then be obtained in an algorithmic way.
Nowadays the crude oil and Petroleum products consumption are increasing rapidly. Recent concerns... more Nowadays the crude oil and Petroleum products consumption are increasing rapidly. Recent concerns are the environment; increasing fuel prices and the scarcity of its supply have promoted interest in the development of alternative sources of petroleum fuels. In this research, castor oil methyl ester was prepared by transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst and tested in a four-stroke, single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The test was carried out at a constant speed of 3000 rpm and 210 bar at different loads. The emission results of the comparative test indicated that CO and smoke density emissions are found to be lower as compared to diesel, while carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) are found to increase marginally. Brake thermal efficiency and the brake Specific fuel consumption decreases and Increase respectively in Biodiesel different blends with comparison of diesel.
This paper aims to extend the knowledge about the performance enhancement of cascaded multilevel ... more This paper aims to extend the knowledge about the performance enhancement of cascaded multilevel inverter by using heuristic optimization methods. For improving efficiency of multilevel inverter, harmonics has to be eliminated. To eliminate the harmonics, Selective Harmonics Elimination Pulse Width Modulation technique is used for a better power quality output. This technique eliminates the pre-selected lower order harmonics which are more dominant into the nature while satisfying the fundamental component of output voltage, but the major issue is to solve the set of nonlinear harmonic equations derived from Fourier analysis of the output waveform of multilevel inverter. Using Conventional approach to solve those equations does not guaranteed the optimal solution and may stuck in the local minima. Hence, Evolutionary optimization algorithms are used for solving those equation. Evolutionary algorithm consist a subset of evolutionary computation and the results are obtained. Among of all a comparison is done between simulated annealing, Genetic Algorithm and multi objective genetic algorithm. Whereas, Evolutionary optimization algorithm are inspired by the biological process of evolution. Using those algorithm the main concern is to find the notches angles for giving the gate pulse to the individual switches of multilevel inverter. Using all of the three algorithms data sets are collected for different modulation indexes and output are verified by results. Results also shows the comparison between genetic algorithm and multiobjective genetic algorithm for getting the optimum results.
In this paper, a bandwidth enhancing technique is presented using a modified ground plane with H ... more In this paper, a bandwidth enhancing technique is presented using a modified ground plane with H slot cut in ground plane for designing of compact antenna a new type of band-notched novel shaped slot antenna is proposed for UWB applications. By cutting novel H shaped slot on the ground plane, desired notched frequency band is achieved. By properly adjusting the parameters of proposed antenna is analyzed by the Ansoft -HFSS software, which is possible to find desired band width and centre frequency of notched band.
The proposed antenna is designed on a substrate Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with thickness of 0.762 mm (30mils) and relative permittivity (∈_r) of 2.2, and loss tangent 0.0004 to operate in UWB frequency band. To reject the frequency band of 5.17– 5.69 GHz, which is limited by IEEE 802.11a, a novel shaped H slot. The size of our proposed antenna is 30×30 mm2, which results in desirable radiation characteristics. Effects of varying the parameters of novel shaped H slot on performance of proposed antenna have been studied. The antenna with optimal parameters obtained from parametric study is fabricated and measured. It is observed that the simulation and experimental results have good agreements with each other. The proposed Antenna achieved given parameter like Bandwidth (2.8-13.1GHz), Frequency Spectrum (10.3GHz), Fraction Bandwidth (129.55%), Positive Gain, Low Cost, Good Impedance matching, with omni-directional Radiation Pattern which is extremely good.
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IJEMS VOL.1 ISSUE 9 by Allied Journals
In this paper the dynamic behavior of electromechanical linear actuators is being discussed with the motive is to develop a universal model by using unified approach of bond graph that gives the opportunity to simulate both existing and new systems without having to remodel the entire system each time. The work refers to analyze the functional parameters of electromechanical linear actuators by modeling of different components of EMLA using bond graph. Given a bond graph model, causality can be assigned and algebraic-differential equations can then be obtained in an algorithmic way.
The proposed antenna is designed on a substrate Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with thickness of 0.762 mm (30mils) and relative permittivity (∈_r) of 2.2, and loss tangent 0.0004 to operate in UWB frequency band. To reject the frequency band of 5.17– 5.69 GHz, which is limited by IEEE 802.11a, a novel shaped H slot. The size of our proposed antenna is 30×30 mm2, which results in desirable radiation characteristics. Effects of varying the parameters of novel shaped H slot on performance of proposed antenna have been studied. The antenna with optimal parameters obtained from parametric study is fabricated and measured. It is observed that the simulation and experimental results have good agreements with each other. The proposed Antenna achieved given parameter like Bandwidth (2.8-13.1GHz), Frequency Spectrum (10.3GHz), Fraction Bandwidth (129.55%), Positive Gain, Low Cost, Good Impedance matching, with omni-directional Radiation Pattern which is extremely good.