Department of Computer Science and Engineering

ad hoc networks. Typically, every node in an ad hoc network serves as a router for other nodes, and paths from source to destination oflen require multiple hops. Compared to wired networks, wireless ad hoc networks have less bandwidth, longer paths, and less stable connectivity, all of which render routing protocols fi-om wired networks less suitable for the wireless world This paper presents a novel routing scheme for ad hoc networks that applies fiuzv logic to diyerentiated resource allocation, considering traflc importance and neiwork state. Messages are routed over zero or more maximally disjoint paths to the destination: important packets may be forwarded redundantly over multiple disjoint paths for increased relkability, while less important trafic may be suppressed at the source. The performance of f u z v routing is evaluated using simulation, and is compared to DSR and SMR wireless routing protocols.

In this paper we will overview the use of data hiding techniques in digital images. In particular we will describe how one can use steganography to hide biometric information in a digital image. This proposed technique proposes a quite simple solution for inserting a secure authentication watermarking in dispersed-dot halftone images. This technique explain how, the hidden biometric data are extracted accurately from the carrier image using a secret key and describe how it can be applied to any kind of binary images including clustered-dot halftones. Furthermore, this technique explains how data are hidden in the host image in an adaptive way to minimize possible degradations to that image. The proposed technique not only provides a better way for embedding large amounts of data into cover images with imperceptions, but also offers an easy way to accomplish secrecy. This method provides better results as compared to LSB replacement method where the distortions are spread all over the image.

The paper presents an electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility Analysis for ARABSAT and Eutelsat Networks. The analysis suggests that ARABSAT has to accept certain constraints required to protect Eutelsat. An EIRP spectral density of -34 dBW/Hz in the direction of the Eutelsat space station is proposed in the uplink bands 14.0 - 14.5 GHz. In the downlink bands, an EIRP spectral density of -34 dBW/Hz towards the Earth. In addition, in the uplink band 13.75 - 14.0 GHz Eutelsat has imposed a constraint of -28 dBW/Hz. Although slightly over protective when using the larger bandwidth ARABSAT carriers, this limit is considered reasonable taking into account footnote 5.502, which limits EIRP in the 13.75 - 14.0 GHz band to between 68 and 85 dBW . The uplink constraint of -28 dB/W/Hz offered by Eutelsat should be accepted. The results show that it will be possible for Arabsat to operate provided larger carrier bandwidths and antennas are used. The results demonstrates that for 27 and 36 MHz carriers, with antenna size of 3.5m, there is a positive C/I margin of around 4 dB. This is further improved with a 64 MHz carrier and 4.5m antenna size. In downlink direction Arabsat has priority for the majority of carriers and total priority in the band 12.2 – 12.5 GHz. However, where Eutelsat has priority (carriers 300KG9X and 35 M0G7W), analysis shows that EIRP of the 12.8 kHz ARABSAT carrier would need to be limited to 6.4 dB in order to meet the spectral density limit of -34 dBW/Hz. This is a reduction of 17 dB on the currently filed ARABSAT parameters. In the converse case, there are constraints on Eutelsat-3 required to protect Arabsat. In the uplink bands 14.0 - 14.5 GHz, an EIRP spectral density of -38 dBW/Hz in the direction of the ARABSAT space station. In the downlink bands, an EIRP spectral density of -28 dBW/Hz towards the Earth.

A fuzzy logic-based control scheme is developed to automatically focus the R G B guns in projection TVs. The control scheme can be easily implemented in a manufacturing production line environment. Such an implementation could result in increased production while eliminating occupational injuries that may occur due to long term exposures. In addition, the inconsistencies resulting from manual adjustments can be eliminated, and factory settings can be greatly improved.

The aim of this paper is to produce the detailed, credible scientific reports on RFID components and give end users the information they need to choose the right components for their application. This paper introduced an investigation to the performance and reliability of RFID technology using Field strength, communication distance, reading angle, tag endurance, plastic permeability, and metal permeability changes. In this paper we test how much orientation to the reader antenna affects the ability to read the tag and which tags are likely to perform best in applications. Double rectangular antennas has arranged as a shifted gate to improve magnetic−field distribution in a region of interest suitable for communication with various tag orientations.

The goal of this paper is to carry out compatibility
analysis of ARABSAT 2A at 30.50 E to determine satellite system and networks that have potential to generate harmful electromagnetic interference to ARABSAT 2A at 30.50 E Systems and Networks. Regarding the regional attractiveness, the near and Middle East region ended up as the most attractive geography for the planned satellite system. As a result from the ITU filings, the main features of the future satellite systems to correspond to practical transmission conditions. To carry out the analysis, we have first focus on the main parameters of the systems, as the user perceives them. They have been selected as the coverage: as it has been found from public sources and the EIRP level: It is worth to note that, for a user, the EIRP level is a relevant parameter as far as it is associated to a defined bandwidth. ARABSAT is positioning itself as the premier provider of satellite communication quality services in the Arab world. Its market was mainly intraregional links in and domestic services to some country members in C, Ku and Ka bands. Nevertheless, with the change of the telecommunication industry panorama, ARABSAT has also moved towards video services, especially with the introduction of Ku transponders in its fleet. It has also opened its customer base since foreign countries have utilized the ARABSAT satellites to transmit TV or radio content towards Arab world. At the opposite, broadcasters from Arab counties have used ARABSAT to transmit national or regional programs to their expatriates within the Arab world and in the South and West of Europe. The satellite ARABSAT 2A has a rather good coverage over the North of Africa, Middle East as well as the South of Europe. The C band payload is composed of 8 high power and 14 medium power transponders. Medium power transponders provide 35 dBW in 36 or 54 MHz bandwidth transponders over the North of Africa and Middle East. High power transponders provide 41 dBW in 36 MHz over the same coverage, which is excellent for domestic applications. The EIRP varies significantly over the territory between 29 and 38 dBW for the high power transponders, between 27 and 34 dBW for the medium power transponders, but with a lower EIRP density for 54 MHz transponders. As a result of this analysis, we have identified the target regions as candidates for most promising business prospect are Southern Asia, and Middle East and West/Eastern Europe. The results of analysis demonstrates that ARABSAT 2A systems and networks need to carry out a very careful electromagnetic and compatibility analysis vis-à-vis future telecom systems and networks to determine the level of harmful electromagnet interference within the coverage area of ARABSAT 2A.The results of compatibility analysis also demonstrates that the interfering satellite systems and networks will have to limit EIRP densities at certain level in their designing phase to avoid to generate the harmful interference to ARABSAT 2A systems and networks.

Technology has totally changed the culture and working of people. With every passing day it is gaining popularity and becoming one of the most important gadgets of our lives. Researchers are enthusiastically pursuing areas of research which can contribute to Internet of Things (IoT). Now a day's sensing communication, control and actuation is becoming more refined and available everywhere, there is momentous overlap in these communities, still there are some missing gaps that need to be filled and addressed for better understanding of communication among these real life objects. The paper give an overview for inter app communication for multi-platforms users who will be using different IOT Services .

Internet of Things has brought exciting changes in the social norms, work environments and prospects for future generations. These devices (Things) have already changed the way our networks are used for communication. With the introduction of machine to machine communication (M2M), where devices communicate without human involvement to perform routine day to day tasks. These tasks, on one hand, include services that provide convenience to the device owners such as setting off alarms, acting as a personal assistant for reminders, keeping track of daily activities, etc. On the other hand, there are certain tasks where these devices perform Transactions on behalf of the owners i.e. financial transactions/ online ordering, etc. These transactional tasks have significant legal implications if some problem/dispute arises due to such action performed by these devices on behalf of the owners. To ensure that these interactions take place under observation of the owners and to keep track of their occurrence, there is a need to keep a record of all such communication. We propose the use of Blockchain for tracking all these transactions without compromising the secrecy of data by keeping its integrity intact for medico-legal requirements and prevent the risk of fraud.

With the increasing global energy demand, clean and affordable sources of energy are being adopted over time. Road Power Generation (RPG) is thus an alternate to conventional electricity generation.
RPG technologies generate electrical power from vehicles by harnessing their kinetic energy. The most common RPG technology is RPG by speed breaker mechanism. However, this paper will discuss the construction of a novel Electro-Mechanical system which can be employed on the surface of a road and thus can produce electricity of up to six kilowatts per day. A vehicle induces reciprocating linear motion into the RPG flip plates which is then converted to rotary motion via rack and pinion. This angular motion is converted to electricity via a PMDC generator which can be used to power streetlights. This method of generating electricity is called RPG by flip plate mechanism or RPG by reciprocating linear motion.

The Internet of Things (IoT) equipped sensor systems to gather data from sensors and analyze it through billions of interconnected devices and smart motes. Due to the purpose of deployment easiness and reduced operational cost, wireless sensors are embedded in the IoT networks. However, the issues related to ever-increasing security threats and vulnerabilities of networks for various cyber-attacks have led to widespread research interest in this field. Few of the important concerns in wireless sensor networking systems are thrust for low-latency, seamless handoff, connectivity, resilience to vulnerabilities, and trustworthiness. The mass scale penetration of IoT systems in society has resulted in an exhaustive data analysis of Edge Computing and Wireless Sensor networks such as security, interoperability, latency, robustness, maintainability, and scalability in real-time scenarios. This research aims at providing the recent status of protocols and standards in sensor-based IoT edge computing networks as well as security threats and deep analysis of vulnerabilities in various daily life IoT applications. Also, the paper discusses the concept of connection redundancy to avoid latency or loss of data and provide seamless data worthiness. Finally, this study provides an in-depth analysis of open issues and challenges for leveraging vulnerabilities in smart sensor-based IoT systems and edge computing networks.

Introduction of Internet of Things in our lives have brought drastic changes in the social norms, working habits, ways of completing tasks and planning for future. Data about our interactions with everyday objects can be effectively transmitted to their destinations with many communicating tags that also often provide specific location information. The risk of potential eavesdropping is always a major concern of data owners. Since Internet of Things is primarily responsible for carrying data of smart objects which are mostly connected over wireless technologies, securing of information carried by these wireless links to safeguard the private information is of utmost importance. Cryptographic techniques to cypher data carried by the IoT networks is one possibility which is not feasible due to the lack of sufficient computing resources at the sensor end of IoT devices. In this paper, we discuss various security issues that haunt the secure IoT deployments and propose a layered solution model that prevents breach of security during transmission of data.

Today we are encircled by multiple problems, such as global warming, drought, wildfires, Hurricanes and tropical storms etc; among them, flooding is one of the major problems; however, the flood hazards are probably rising due to an amalgamation of environmental and socioeconomic effects. Therefore flood safety measurements are more essential to avoid barriers toward major development in society associated with the environment, which requires modern and accurate steps for preventing the impacts of the flood on population and properties. Floods are among the most destructive physical vulnerabilities on the earth's surface, which cause major economic and social damages rather than any other natural incidence. However, the flood problem begins because human beings are using river floodplains. In this research our focus is to identify and measure extent and impacts such as Infrastructural, loss of Agriculture, Built-up (Houses), natural vegetation and property along Indus river due to heavy flooding of 2010, to achieve our purpose, two different years Landsat imageries before and after flood i.e September 2009 and September 2010 have been applied and the desired results were achieved through the integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. With the help of RS data, hazardous impacts of flooding 2010 have been observed on the bases of different factors which were performed on Arc Map 10.3.1, Erdas Imagine 9.2, eCognition Developer 64. After performing different analysis the major losses have been observed which are shown in table 1to4 and further highlighted in Figure 5a to 8g.

Introduction of Internet of Things in our lives have brought drastic changes in the social norms, working habits, ways of completing tasks and planning for future. Data about our interactions with everyday objects can be effectively transmitted to their destinations with many communicating tags that also often provide specific location information. The risk of potential eavesdropping is always a major concern of data owners. Since Internet of Things is primarily responsible for carrying data of smart objects which are mostly connected over wireless technologies, securing of information carried by these wireless links to safeguard the private information is of utmost importance. Cryptographic techniques to cypher data carried by the IoT networks is one possibility which is not feasible due to the lack of sufficient computing resources at the sensor end of IoT devices. In this paper, we discuss various security issues that haunt the secure IoT deployments and propose a layered solution model that prevents breach of security during transmission of data.

Fossil fuels and Nuclear power is responsible for about 82% of the current Energy Production in the US. While a small part is still being met by renewable energy sources, engineers are working hard on finding new sources of Energy. Another approach to the global clean energy crisis is that instead of looking for a new energy source, we should become Energy Efficient. Road power generation is a new technology where the wasted energy of a moving vehicle can be extracted and converted into useful work done. This paper presents such a technology that when employed at the corner of a road can send power directly to the grid or run streetlights depending on the mode of operation. This is done by constructing a Savonius Wind Turbine and then converting the wasted wind energy produced by a moving vehicle. In addition, a solar panel can also be placed on the top of the turbine and produce more energy. A microcontroller decides how Energy is to be sent to the grid or stored to be used for street lighting load. While the power production may vary depending on the traffic and conditions of the city, the S-rotor and solar panel have a maximum voltage of 19.1 V and 19.65 V respectively.

In today’s technological era, most new generations are using memes because the phenomenon of memes is rapidly gaining in popularity. In addition, various modifications and parodies use social and cultural phenomena to transform an original idea into another. Virus memes are sometimes called virus scripts and are the most widespread on the Internet. However, there is little scientific evidence for this assumption. This paper presents an innovative method to generate memes using machine learning algorithms that match the users’ humorous and relevant captions. The VGG16 network is used to return the embedded image. We have collected feedback from citizens of more than five countries and received 37 feedback to find humorous memes. The obtained results from feedback are very encouraging from the generated memes.