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Biography
A Roman Emperor and philosopher who was a ruler later known as one of the Five Good Emperors as well as the last emperor of the Pax Romana.
Marcus Aurelius (26 Apr 121AD Rome - 17 Mar 180AD Vindobona or Sirmium)
Gens: (birth) Annii Veri;[1] (imperial) Aurelii Fulvi[2]
Birth Name: Marcus Annius Catilius Severus; Marcus Catilius Severus
Family Name: Antoninus[3]
Dynasty: Antonine[4]
Imperial Name: Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus
bur. Castel Sant'Angelo (Mausoleum of Hadrian). Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from 161 to 180, co-ruled with Lucius Verus from 161 until Verus' died in 169. He's the last of the "Five Good Emperors," and one of the Stoic philosophers.
Parents
Father: Marcus Annius Verus (Senator and Praetor)[5]
Mother: Domitia Lucilla[6]
Adoption
After Marcus Annius Verus died in 124, the elder Verus adopted and raised Marcus Aurelius and his sister Annia Cornificia Faustina.
Research Notes
Is the correct Severus for the following entry from Nennius?
"Severus was the third emperor who passed the sea to Britain, where, to protect the proviones recovered from barfbaric incursions, hew ordered a wall and a rampart to be made betwen the Britons the Scots, the Picts, extending across the island from sea to sea, in length one hundred and thirty three miles: and it is called in the British language Gwal. Moreover, he ordered it to be made between the Britons, and the Picts and Scots, for the Scots from the west, and the Picts from the north, unanimously made war gainst the Britons, but were at peace among themselves. Not long after Severus dies in Britain. [1]
Sources
- ↑ Nennius, III, 23
Bibliography of Frequently Cited Texts
- Nennius. History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum). Translated by J. A. Giles. Project Gutenberg, 2006 Section III, The HIstory. Accessed 22 June 2022 jhd
See also:
- Benario, H.W. (n.d.). Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 161-180). roman-empire.net[7]
- "Marcus Aurelius." Encyclopedia Britannica.[8]
Ancient sources
- Aelius Aristides. Orationes (Orations).
- Aurelius Victor. De Caesaribus.
- Codex Justinianus (Scott, 1932[9])
- Digest. (Scott, 1932[10])
- Cassius Dio. Roman History. (Cary, trans.[11])
- Epitome de Caesaribus. (Banchich, 2009[12])
- Fronto, Marcus Cornelius. (Haines, 1920[13] [14])
- Galen. (ad Pisonem de Theriaca; de Antidotis)
- Gellius, Aulus. Noctes Atticae "Attic Nights". (Rolfe, 1927–28, Vol. 1 - 2.[15]).
- Herodian. Ab Excessu Divi Marci (Echols, 1961[16] [17])
- Institutes. (Scott, 1932.[18]).
- Lucian. ("Alexander"; Harmon, 1936;[19] Historia Quomodo Conscribenda; Fowler, 1905[20][21] Imagines; Fowler, 1905;[22][23] Pro Imaginibus; Fowler, 1905[24][25] )
- Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Meditations. (Farquharson, 1946)
- Pausanias. Description of Greece. (Jones, 1918.[26] [27]).
- Philostratus. Heroicus (Aiken, Bradshaw & Maclean, 2007[28])
- Quintilian. Institutio Oratoria (Butler, 1920–22[29])
- Scriptores Historiae Augustae (Authors of the Historia Augusta). Historia Augusta (Magie, 1921–32;[30] Birley, 1976).
- Themistius. Orationes (Orations).
Modern sources
- Astarita, Maria L. Avidio Cassio (in Italian). Rome: Edizione di Storia e Letteratura, 1983.
- Barnes, Timothy D. "Hadrian and Lucius Verus." Journal of Roman Studies 57:1–2 (1967): 65–79.
- Birley, Anthony R. Marcus Aurelius: A Biography. New York: Routledge, 1966, rev. 1987. ISBN 0-415-17125-3
- Birley, Anthony R. "Hadrian to the Antonines." In The Cambridge Ancient History Volume XI: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192, edited by Alan Bowman, Peter Garnsey, and Dominic Rathbone, 132–94. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-521-26335-1
- Champlin, Edward. "The Chronology of Fronto." Journal of Roman Studies 64 (1974): 136–59.
- Champlin, Edward. Fronto and Antonine Rome. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980. ISBN 0-674-32668-7
- Furtak, Rick Anthony. "Marcus Aurelius: Kierkegaard's Use and Abuse of the Stoic Emperor." In Kierkegaard and the Roman World, edited by Jon Stewart, 69-74. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7546-6554-0
- Millar, Fergus. The Roman Near East: 31 BC – AD 337. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-674-77886-3
- McLynn, Frank. Marcus Aurelius: Warrior, Philosopher, Emperor. London: Bodley Head, 2009. ISBN 978-0-224-07292-2 online review
- Stephens, William O. Marcus Aurelius: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Continuum, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4411-2561-3
- Stertz, Stephen A. "Marcus Aurelius as Ideal Emperor in Late-Antique Greek Thought." The Classical World 70:7 (1977): 433–39.
- Syme, Ronald. "The Ummidii." Historia 17:1 (1968): 72–105.
