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systems and installing street wayfinding tracks for the sight disabled person (Figure. 13). In addition, there is a widely utilized program for improving pedestrian ramps (Figure. 14), which primarily serves the needs of people with physical disabilities (City of Melbourne, 2014). Figure. 13: street wayfinding tracks for the sight disabled person Source: Reprinted from (Riordan & Potter, 2015)

Figure 13 systems and installing street wayfinding tracks for the sight disabled person (Figure. 13). In addition, there is a widely utilized program for improving pedestrian ramps (Figure. 14), which primarily serves the needs of people with physical disabilities (City of Melbourne, 2014). Figure. 13: street wayfinding tracks for the sight disabled person Source: Reprinted from (Riordan & Potter, 2015)

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The City of Melbourne CBD lies in the southeast part of the city. It is bordered by the Yarra River from the south, Docklands precinct from the west, East Melbourne precinct from the east, and West Melbourne and Carlton precincts from the north.
The City of Melbourne CBD lies in the southeast part of the city. It is bordered by the Yarra River from the south, Docklands precinct from the west, East Melbourne precinct from the east, and West Melbourne and Carlton precincts from the north.
Winwl iv AMM. ELBOW DULY WED ELEC LIV US VEE CLE TECH VUES PI OULU AVE TU de oN ds Stemming from the importance of the element of accessibility for its significant impact on cities' liveability, the Melbourne government has launched a comprehensive study resulting in a Transportation and Mobility Plan (Figure. 4). The plan aimed to ensure the Urban Grid Network supports and provides a well-connectivity to and from CBD. Also, it has provided the CBD with various means of public transportation to mitigate the private car dependency rates. This reflects directly on reducing traffic jams and high CO2 emissions, which, in turn, improves the environment's air quality and achieves high standards of urban liveability.
Winwl iv AMM. ELBOW DULY WED ELEC LIV US VEE CLE TECH VUES PI OULU AVE TU de oN ds Stemming from the importance of the element of accessibility for its significant impact on cities' liveability, the Melbourne government has launched a comprehensive study resulting in a Transportation and Mobility Plan (Figure. 4). The plan aimed to ensure the Urban Grid Network supports and provides a well-connectivity to and from CBD. Also, it has provided the CBD with various means of public transportation to mitigate the private car dependency rates. This reflects directly on reducing traffic jams and high CO2 emissions, which, in turn, improves the environment's air quality and achieves high standards of urban liveability.
Melbourne's government has not only addressed the enhancement of liveability in cities through an Urban Planning strategy but also has implemented specific policies and initiatives to help the city grow toward more Liveable. The Land Consolidation policy and The Active Edges policy are among these policies. The Land Consolidation policy aimed to change the City's Built Form by combining the adjoining small-scale land parcels to provide larger ones (Figure. 5) (Strategy Plan Review Steering Committee, 1985). This policy has impacted the city flourishing significantly on the physical and economic scales. On the economic scale, it provides an incentive for investment in the city by expanding the investment options that have become available due to the large-scale land parcels. While on the physical scale, large-size monolithic facades with large open spaces have replaced the old CBD's small-scale vertical facades with narrow-sized open spaces.
Melbourne's government has not only addressed the enhancement of liveability in cities through an Urban Planning strategy but also has implemented specific policies and initiatives to help the city grow toward more Liveable. The Land Consolidation policy and The Active Edges policy are among these policies. The Land Consolidation policy aimed to change the City's Built Form by combining the adjoining small-scale land parcels to provide larger ones (Figure. 5) (Strategy Plan Review Steering Committee, 1985). This policy has impacted the city flourishing significantly on the physical and economic scales. On the economic scale, it provides an incentive for investment in the city by expanding the investment options that have become available due to the large-scale land parcels. While on the physical scale, large-size monolithic facades with large open spaces have replaced the old CBD's small-scale vertical facades with narrow-sized open spaces.
Figure. 5: Transformation of Urban Built Form from small land parcel into larger consolidated ones Source: Author adopted from (Strategy Plan Review Steering Committee, 1985) Figure. 6: Transformation of buildings’ facades due to the Active Edge policy Source: Author adopted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004) interest to pedestrians and use high-quality, durable materials.3)Facades must not be devoid of detail; large facades, in particular, must be divided into smaller sections for articulation.4) Signs must be adapted to building designs.5) Windows must be glazed with clear glass; facade design must provide good lighting at night for additional security.
Figure. 5: Transformation of Urban Built Form from small land parcel into larger consolidated ones Source: Author adopted from (Strategy Plan Review Steering Committee, 1985) Figure. 6: Transformation of buildings’ facades due to the Active Edge policy Source: Author adopted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004) interest to pedestrians and use high-quality, durable materials.3)Facades must not be devoid of detail; large facades, in particular, must be divided into smaller sections for articulation.4) Signs must be adapted to building designs.5) Windows must be glazed with clear glass; facade design must provide good lighting at night for additional security.
Figure. 7: Intensifving the CBD's streetscapes green cover Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004). Figure. 8: Birrarung Marr Park borders the CBD's — southern east edge Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004). Furthermore, there is the Liveable Housing Design (LHD) Guidelines program. This program includes practical guidelines that describe uncomplicated and simple living design features. It incorporates low-cost design elements into house design and provides significant social and economic benefits to future generations of Australians. The program evaluates buildings on three performance levels. It assigns a liveability grade of Silver, Gold, or Platinum for the buildings depending on their degree of adherence to liveability principles (Department of Infrastructure and Transport of Australia, 2012).
Figure. 7: Intensifving the CBD's streetscapes green cover Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004). Figure. 8: Birrarung Marr Park borders the CBD's — southern east edge Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004). Furthermore, there is the Liveable Housing Design (LHD) Guidelines program. This program includes practical guidelines that describe uncomplicated and simple living design features. It incorporates low-cost design elements into house design and provides significant social and economic benefits to future generations of Australians. The program evaluates buildings on three performance levels. It assigns a liveability grade of Silver, Gold, or Platinum for the buildings depending on their degree of adherence to liveability principles (Department of Infrastructure and Transport of Australia, 2012).
Figure. 9: Transformation of the Swanston Street into becoming a leafy and lively retail precinct street with broad bluestone pavements and convenient street furniture. Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004)
Figure. 9: Transformation of the Swanston Street into becoming a leafy and lively retail precinct street with broad bluestone pavements and convenient street furniture. Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004)
Figure. 10: Integration of laneways into the walking pattern has positively impacted the level of activity in the city center. Cre: Donetntod fen Sts Lo bare > 2
Figure. 10: Integration of laneways into the walking pattern has positively impacted the level of activity in the city center. Cre: Donetntod fen Sts Lo bare > 2
FE igure. 11: The CBD high-quality road-dedicated cycle paths Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004)
FE igure. 11: The CBD high-quality road-dedicated cycle paths Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004)
Moreover, Melbourne has introduced a group of programs and policies supporting its plan for an improved economy within the city center. On top of those programs, there is the "Retail Corridors Revitalization Program." The program focuses on the redevelopment of Melbourne's aneways and corridors. Indeed, this program has had an immeasurable contribution in making he city center more welcoming for multiple activities and transforming it into a denser and ively area (Figure. 12). The program took into account setting appropriate restrictions to achieve the required goals without violating the cultural heritage values of the city. Therefore, he laneways, in turn, support the sustainable development of the inner-city by allowing the retention of heritage streetscapes (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004). Figure. 12: The Degraves Street before and after the redevelopment project Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004)
Moreover, Melbourne has introduced a group of programs and policies supporting its plan for an improved economy within the city center. On top of those programs, there is the "Retail Corridors Revitalization Program." The program focuses on the redevelopment of Melbourne's aneways and corridors. Indeed, this program has had an immeasurable contribution in making he city center more welcoming for multiple activities and transforming it into a denser and ively area (Figure. 12). The program took into account setting appropriate restrictions to achieve the required goals without violating the cultural heritage values of the city. Therefore, he laneways, in turn, support the sustainable development of the inner-city by allowing the retention of heritage streetscapes (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004). Figure. 12: The Degraves Street before and after the redevelopment project Source: Reprinted from (City of Melbourne & GEHL ARCHITECTS, 2004)
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EngineeringUrban RegenerationLivable citiesLivable Streets
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