Fig 1. Research methodology. A comparison between the three types of Energy harvesting technologies. Summarizing the efficiency of piezoelectric tiles in previous case studies (Solban & Moussa, 2019). Table 2 A framework of Piezoelectric tiles for designing interior spaces. collection phase included the electricity consumption of the metro sta- tion as well as the number of daily passengers, use pattern, density and distribution. This was needed to determine the number of piezoelectric tiles required to generate enough energy to power the station. density of the surrounding urban area. Proper selection of piezoelectric tiles includes investigating their economic concerns (capital cost and as well as the running cost required for the operation and maintenance requirements), efficiency (in terms of energy generation and savings), form (shape, size, colour and configuration) and their type. It also shows its contribution to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This hypothesis was tested on the case study project as shown in Fig. (3). Table 4 Fig 2. The location of Rod El-Farag metro station, Source (google maps, 2021) Fig 3. Drawing the decision-making process for proper selection of piezoelectric tiles in public facilities. The number of passengers per hour using the station during the weekdays. Table 6 study for the conversion of energy from mechanical to electric energy. Nevertheless, its use is currently limited due to factors including eco- nomic efficiency and service life to overcome its high capital cost (Anton & Sodano, 2007; Mak et al., 2011). Moreover, previous research stated that the transportation system contributes a great deal to energy con- sumption and emission release (Moussa, 2021; Moussa, Mansour, & Yossif, 2021). Hence, this study shows clean methods of reducing energy consumption arising from metro stations. This can be generalized to obtain self-sufficient transportation hubs. The study bridges the gaps between theoretical research and the implementation of energy har- vesting and renewable energy production using piezoelectric tiles in public buildings with high occupation density. It shows that its suc- cessful implementation depends on factors associated with the project and other with the technology itself. This indicates that an integrated approach should be adopted, looking at the contribution of individual parts in the whole process as recommended by previous researchers Fig 4. Determining high-density areas (People/m2) in the metro station Comparing the SEF and Waynergy piezoelectric tiles. Table 8 The Electricity Consumption of Rod El-Farag metro station in 2020. Table 7 Comparing the efficiency of using SEF and Waynergy for the case study. Table 9 environmentally sustainable and socially resilient cities. This research is in continuous advancements, so more future research about the use of piezoelectricity in different building applications shall support the findings of this research.
