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Figure 7. (a) Well- developed roads with adequate parking i: in a Jewish settlement in East Jerusalem and (b) insufficient right of way and inadequate parking spaces in Palestinian neighborhood in East Jerusalem [author].

Figure 7 (a) Well- developed roads with adequate parking i: in a Jewish settlement in East Jerusalem and (b) insufficient right of way and inadequate parking spaces in Palestinian neighborhood in East Jerusalem [author].

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Table 1. Key attributes and function of planning depending on its classification as progressive or regressive [author]. Regressive urban planning in contested communities pertains to urban develop- ment strategies that worsen disparities and strengthen divisions within communities characterized by social, political, or ethnic disputes (Figure 1) [8]. In metropolitan areas characterized by conflicting interests and power struggles, known as “contested cities,” the practice of urban planning can either mitigate or exacerbate tensions. The fundamental elements of regressive planning are: depending on its implementation and the interests it prioritizes. Therefore, spatial planning in contested cities is a powerful tool that can either foster inclusivity and reconciliation or entrench divisions and inequalities. The outcomes of plan- ning efforts in these cities largely depend on the extent to which they are inclusive, equitable, and sensitive to the complex social dynamics at play. Table 1 shows the operational mechanisms and the contrasted roles of planning in such intricate environments:
Table 1. Key attributes and function of planning depending on its classification as progressive or regressive [author]. Regressive urban planning in contested communities pertains to urban develop- ment strategies that worsen disparities and strengthen divisions within communities characterized by social, political, or ethnic disputes (Figure 1) [8]. In metropolitan areas characterized by conflicting interests and power struggles, known as “contested cities,” the practice of urban planning can either mitigate or exacerbate tensions. The fundamental elements of regressive planning are: depending on its implementation and the interests it prioritizes. Therefore, spatial planning in contested cities is a powerful tool that can either foster inclusivity and reconciliation or entrench divisions and inequalities. The outcomes of plan- ning efforts in these cities largely depend on the extent to which they are inclusive, equitable, and sensitive to the complex social dynamics at play. Table 1 shows the operational mechanisms and the contrasted roles of planning in such intricate environments:
eo Spatial disparities and urban paradox resulting from regressive planning in conflict areas [author].
eo Spatial disparities and urban paradox resulting from regressive planning in conflict areas [author].
The adopted research methodological approaches [author]. ees i. a es, ae Using these approaches in urban planning research offers a robust framework for studying complex urban environments. Descriptive methods provide a detailed snapshot of urban conditions, capturing key elements like land use, infrastructure,
The adopted research methodological approaches [author]. ees i. a es, ae Using these approaches in urban planning research offers a robust framework for studying complex urban environments. Descriptive methods provide a detailed snapshot of urban conditions, capturing key elements like land use, infrastructure,
SEM SER Rainier: Sane ee Seago nant eee ERM Se Ye Israel initiated the construction of the separation wall in the early 2000s to physi. cally separate East Jerusalem from its neighboring Palestinian neighborhoods and areas. This demonstrates how regressive urban planning may strengthen tensions within a contested city. The wall, which traverses Jerusalem, has additionally estab- lished tangible and psychological divisions between Palestinian and Israeli com- munities. The presence of the Israeli-controlled sections has a detrimental impact or the social structure of the city, as it hinders the Palestinians’ ability to access crucial services. Moreover, it has faced criticism for effectively incorporating Palestinian territory into Israeli-controlled territories [25]. The development tactics employed in Jerusalem exemplify how urban planning may be utilized to solidify authority anc perpetuate divisions in a disputed city, as depicted in Figure 3.
SEM SER Rainier: Sane ee Seago nant eee ERM Se Ye Israel initiated the construction of the separation wall in the early 2000s to physi. cally separate East Jerusalem from its neighboring Palestinian neighborhoods and areas. This demonstrates how regressive urban planning may strengthen tensions within a contested city. The wall, which traverses Jerusalem, has additionally estab- lished tangible and psychological divisions between Palestinian and Israeli com- munities. The presence of the Israeli-controlled sections has a detrimental impact or the social structure of the city, as it hinders the Palestinians’ ability to access crucial services. Moreover, it has faced criticism for effectively incorporating Palestinian territory into Israeli-controlled territories [25]. The development tactics employed in Jerusalem exemplify how urban planning may be utilized to solidify authority anc perpetuate divisions in a disputed city, as depicted in Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Figure 5. Jerusalem has experienced profound and startling changes in both its physical and social environments as a result of the construction of the separation wall. The construction of this wall was carried out unlawfully and in clear breach of interna- tional law. The wall serves as an ethnic barrier, partitioning two communities residing in the same city. It forms segregated clusters and discrete spaces. Also known as the apartheid wall, part of the larger ethnic separation system that Israel began construct- ing in 2002, is a physical structure composed of fences, eight-meter-tall concrete walls, surveillance systems, and electric sensors that encircles much of the city and extends for hundreds of kilometers, into the West Bank — Figure 5. Officially, Israel refers to it as the “security barrier”. However, Palestinians and many international observers describe it as an “apartheid wall” or “separation wall,” viewing it as a tool of annexation and control that infringes on Palestinian rights. The construction of Regressive planning tools — (a) Section in the separation wall in the urban areas in Jerusalem and (b) section in the separation wall in the nonurban areas [30].
Figure 5. Jerusalem has experienced profound and startling changes in both its physical and social environments as a result of the construction of the separation wall. The construction of this wall was carried out unlawfully and in clear breach of interna- tional law. The wall serves as an ethnic barrier, partitioning two communities residing in the same city. It forms segregated clusters and discrete spaces. Also known as the apartheid wall, part of the larger ethnic separation system that Israel began construct- ing in 2002, is a physical structure composed of fences, eight-meter-tall concrete walls, surveillance systems, and electric sensors that encircles much of the city and extends for hundreds of kilometers, into the West Bank — Figure 5. Officially, Israel refers to it as the “security barrier”. However, Palestinians and many international observers describe it as an “apartheid wall” or “separation wall,” viewing it as a tool of annexation and control that infringes on Palestinian rights. The construction of Regressive planning tools — (a) Section in the separation wall in the urban areas in Jerusalem and (b) section in the separation wall in the nonurban areas [30].
Table 2. Demographic main outline in Jerusalem [41]. and inclusive community development. Jerusalem boasts the most significant density of Jewish inhabitants in Israel, with almost 10% of Israel’s entire population resid- ing in the city. Jerusalem, with a population of over 950,000 individuals, holds the distinction of being the largest city in Israel. Furthermore, Jerusalem houses the most substantial Arab population, constituting 20 percent of the total Arab population in Israel. Table 2 provides an overview of the current distribution of Jewish and Arab populations in different parts of Jerusalem. Israeli urban planning in Jerusalem has long been influenced by a strategic objective to maintain a Jewish majority in the city, which has led to policies and practices that limit Palestinian demographic growth. An important approach is the implementation of restrictive zoning and land use policies in Palestinian neighborhoods, where a substantial area of the land is specifically des- ignated as green areas with strong limitations on construction [39, 40], as previously
Table 2. Demographic main outline in Jerusalem [41]. and inclusive community development. Jerusalem boasts the most significant density of Jewish inhabitants in Israel, with almost 10% of Israel’s entire population resid- ing in the city. Jerusalem, with a population of over 950,000 individuals, holds the distinction of being the largest city in Israel. Furthermore, Jerusalem houses the most substantial Arab population, constituting 20 percent of the total Arab population in Israel. Table 2 provides an overview of the current distribution of Jewish and Arab populations in different parts of Jerusalem. Israeli urban planning in Jerusalem has long been influenced by a strategic objective to maintain a Jewish majority in the city, which has led to policies and practices that limit Palestinian demographic growth. An important approach is the implementation of restrictive zoning and land use policies in Palestinian neighborhoods, where a substantial area of the land is specifically des- ignated as green areas with strong limitations on construction [39, 40], as previously
Figure 8. (a) Harmonized urban fabric and landscape in a Jewish settlement in East Jerusalem and (b) dispersed and imbalanced urban fabric of a Palestinian neighborhood in East Jerusalem [author].
Figure 8. (a) Harmonized urban fabric and landscape in a Jewish settlement in East Jerusalem and (b) dispersed and imbalanced urban fabric of a Palestinian neighborhood in East Jerusalem [author].
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Capital CitiesUrban conflict
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