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Fig. 7. Porta Calcinara: comparison in data quality of morphological description of masonry between mobile LiDAR (above), and static LiDAR (below). features have been corrected during the survey campaign.

Figure 7 Porta Calcinara: comparison in data quality of morphological description of masonry between mobile LiDAR (above), and static LiDAR (below). features have been corrected during the survey campaign.

Related Figures (9)

Fig. 1. Historical maps of evolution of military fortifi- cation in Pavia. On the top the Roman, the Gothic and the Spanish walls (G. B. Claricio, 1585); below, the bastioned city boundary (O. Ballada, 1654). to include the palace of Theodoric, and then the double expansion of the Gothic walls and the subsequent replacement with the Spanish fortifi- cation from the mid-sixteenth century”. The six- teenth century walls, built during the Spanish occupation and then maintained by the Austrian Empire, have remained until the Italian unifica- tion as the last bastioned defence of the city. Their dismantling and demolition, for the reor- ganization of the urban fabric, officially entered in the city planning policy from 1903.
Fig. 1. Historical maps of evolution of military fortifi- cation in Pavia. On the top the Roman, the Gothic and the Spanish walls (G. B. Claricio, 1585); below, the bastioned city boundary (O. Ballada, 1654). to include the palace of Theodoric, and then the double expansion of the Gothic walls and the subsequent replacement with the Spanish fortifi- cation from the mid-sixteenth century”. The six- teenth century walls, built during the Spanish occupation and then maintained by the Austrian Empire, have remained until the Italian unifica- tion as the last bastioned defence of the city. Their dismantling and demolition, for the reor- ganization of the urban fabric, officially entered in the city planning policy from 1903.
Fig. 2. Project drawings of bastioned fortified walls in Pavia (seventeenth century). The new perimeter recovered the planimetry es- tablished in the historic center of Pavia and it planned to expand the defence area, widening the border on three sides, except for the river boundary to the south, even preserving the main routes of the city (Gianani, 1983). With the em- peror’s death in 1558, the fortified project con- tinues its completion under the reign of Philip II, with massive interventions on the existing urban fabric and the destruction of buildings, orchards and gardens to give space to the wider walls.
Fig. 2. Project drawings of bastioned fortified walls in Pavia (seventeenth century). The new perimeter recovered the planimetry es- tablished in the historic center of Pavia and it planned to expand the defence area, widening the border on three sides, except for the river boundary to the south, even preserving the main routes of the city (Gianani, 1983). With the em- peror’s death in 1558, the fortified project con- tinues its completion under the reign of Philip II, with massive interventions on the existing urban fabric and the destruction of buildings, orchards and gardens to give space to the wider walls.
Fig. 3. Urban demolition of Spanish boundary since nineteenth century: on the top, east side of Bastione del Ponte, (Tollini, 1901); below, demolishment of Bastione Santa Giustina (1892).
Fig. 3. Urban demolition of Spanish boundary since nineteenth century: on the top, east side of Bastione del Ponte, (Tollini, 1901); below, demolishment of Bastione Santa Giustina (1892).
Fig. 4. State of conservation of ruins of Spanish fortifi- cation in Pavia, particular of Bastione Santo Stefano, incorporated in private residential areas by the urban plan (De Marco, 2017).
Fig. 4. State of conservation of ruins of Spanish fortifi- cation in Pavia, particular of Bastione Santo Stefano, incorporated in private residential areas by the urban plan (De Marco, 2017).
Fig. 5. Survey activities in 2019: on the top, mobile LiDAR survey, below static LIDAR survey.
Fig. 5. Survey activities in 2019: on the top, mobile LiDAR survey, below static LIDAR survey.
Fig. 6. Integrated LiDAR database of the fortified sys- tem of Pavia: reconstruction of the perimeter of Span- ish fortification (orange), static integration of detail (blue) on gates and bastions (survey 2019).
Fig. 6. Integrated LiDAR database of the fortified sys- tem of Pavia: reconstruction of the perimeter of Span- ish fortification (orange), static integration of detail (blue) on gates and bastions (survey 2019).
Fig. 8. Integration between Mobile LiDAR survey (yellow), of the overall fortified boundary, and Static LiDAR sur- vey (blue): detail of georeferenced point cloud of Bastione di Sant’Epifanio within the urban built context.
Fig. 8. Integration between Mobile LiDAR survey (yellow), of the overall fortified boundary, and Static LiDAR sur- vey (blue): detail of georeferenced point cloud of Bastione di Sant’Epifanio within the urban built context.
Fig. 9. Quality integration for mobile (yellow) and static (blue) point cloud in the survey of Bastione della Darsena ruins for a deeper documentation of masonry and structural quality of the monumental ruins, in fast acquisition times.
Fig. 9. Quality integration for mobile (yellow) and static (blue) point cloud in the survey of Bastione della Darsena ruins for a deeper documentation of masonry and structural quality of the monumental ruins, in fast acquisition times.
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GeographyArchitectureBuilt HeritageMobile LidarUrban fortificationX
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