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Fig. 9: Meshing of complete assembly of Francis turbine Table 2: Mesh Data for complete assembly of Francis turbin« Fig. 9: Meshing of complete assembly of Francis turbine Table 2: Mesh Data for complete assembly of Francis turbine

Figure 9 Meshing of complete assembly of Francis turbine Table 2: Mesh Data for complete assembly of Francis turbin« Fig. 9: Meshing of complete assembly of Francis turbine Table 2: Mesh Data for complete assembly of Francis turbine

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Algorithm used for Computational fluid dynamics analysis Fig. 1: Algorithm used for Computational fluid dynamics analysis Fig. 1: Algorithm used for Computational fluid dynamics analysis A. Computational fluid dynamics Analysis of Francis turbine In the present work three dimensional CAD geometric of Francis turbine which includes casing, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner and draft tube have been created using approximate dimension for turbulent flow analysis in Francis turbine. for that some important parameters have been taken from the base paper as mentioned in table-1. For the creation of CAD model ANSYS design modular have been used. The details of important parameters of the turbine are given in Table: 1. [Adnan Aslam Noon 2017]. incidence causes wear mechanisms typical of erosion.
Algorithm used for Computational fluid dynamics analysis Fig. 1: Algorithm used for Computational fluid dynamics analysis Fig. 1: Algorithm used for Computational fluid dynamics analysis A. Computational fluid dynamics Analysis of Francis turbine In the present work three dimensional CAD geometric of Francis turbine which includes casing, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner and draft tube have been created using approximate dimension for turbulent flow analysis in Francis turbine. for that some important parameters have been taken from the base paper as mentioned in table-1. For the creation of CAD model ANSYS design modular have been used. The details of important parameters of the turbine are given in Table: 1. [Adnan Aslam Noon 2017]. incidence causes wear mechanisms typical of erosion.
element size 5 mm having tetrahedral elements.
element size 5 mm having tetrahedral elements.
From the above validation it also has been observed that Adnan Aslam Noon worked on only three particle size such as
From the above validation it also has been observed that Adnan Aslam Noon worked on only three particle size such as
Fig. 14: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 20 tm size Figure 13: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 10 jum size
Fig. 14: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 20 tm size Figure 13: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 10 jum size
Sand Erosion rate analysis at 10000 PPM sediments concentration:
Sand Erosion rate analysis at 10000 PPM sediments concentration:
Fig. 16: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 16: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 19: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 70 um size
Fig. 19: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 70 um size
Fig. 22: Sand Erosion rate at 2% Sediments concentration for 10 um size
Fig. 22: Sand Erosion rate at 2% Sediments concentration for 10 um size
Fig. 20: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 80 um size
Fig. 20: Sand Erosion rate at 1% Sediments concentration for 80 um size
Sand Erosion rate analysis at 20000 PPM sediments concentration:
Sand Erosion rate analysis at 20000 PPM sediments concentration:
Fig. 24: Sand Erosion rate at 2% Sediments concentration for 30 um size
Fig. 24: Sand Erosion rate at 2% Sediments concentration for 30 um size
4.99, 6.62, 7.616, 8.77 & 9.926 Kg/m’s. Digs. 27. Val DLUSlOM Tale at 270 OPULIIEIINS CONCH AU LOL OU Hill SIZe It has been observed that as the particle diameter increases, the penetration rate first decreases then increases, with the minimum value occurring at 30 um particle size. Thus, 30 um is the optimum size of sand for the erosion. fig. 29 shows that the penetration rate of 5.27 kg/m7s at 10 um particle size is even higher than that of 20 um particle size.. The erosion rate observed due to 2% sand concentration are 5.27 , 4.70, 4.31, 4.99, 6.62, 7.616, 8.77 & 9.926 Kg/m’s.
4.99, 6.62, 7.616, 8.77 & 9.926 Kg/m’s. Digs. 27. Val DLUSlOM Tale at 270 OPULIIEIINS CONCH AU LOL OU Hill SIZe It has been observed that as the particle diameter increases, the penetration rate first decreases then increases, with the minimum value occurring at 30 um particle size. Thus, 30 um is the optimum size of sand for the erosion. fig. 29 shows that the penetration rate of 5.27 kg/m7s at 10 um particle size is even higher than that of 20 um particle size.. The erosion rate observed due to 2% sand concentration are 5.27 , 4.70, 4.31, 4.99, 6.62, 7.616, 8.77 & 9.926 Kg/m’s.
Fig. 35: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 50 um size Fig. 34: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 35: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 50 um size Fig. 34: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 31: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 10 um size Fig. 32: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 20 um size
Fig. 31: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 10 um size Fig. 32: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 20 um size
Fig. 38: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 80 lm size It has been observed that as the particle diameter increases, the penetration rate first decreases then increases, with the minimum value occurring at 30 um particle size. Thus, 30 um is the optimum size of sand for the erosion. fig. 38 shows that the penetration rate of 5.27 kg/m’s at 10 pm particle size is even higher than that of 20 um particle size. The erosion rate observed due to 3% sand concentration are 6.67, 5.97, 5.68, 6.28, 8.5, 9.64, 11.05 & 12.46 Ke/m?s.
Fig. 38: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 80 lm size It has been observed that as the particle diameter increases, the penetration rate first decreases then increases, with the minimum value occurring at 30 um particle size. Thus, 30 um is the optimum size of sand for the erosion. fig. 38 shows that the penetration rate of 5.27 kg/m’s at 10 pm particle size is even higher than that of 20 um particle size. The erosion rate observed due to 3% sand concentration are 6.67, 5.97, 5.68, 6.28, 8.5, 9.64, 11.05 & 12.46 Ke/m?s.
Fig. 36: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 60 fm size
Fig. 36: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 60 fm size
Fig. 37: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 70 um size
Fig. 37: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 70 um size
Fig. 38: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 80 lm size
Fig. 38: Sand Erosion rate at 3% Sediments concentration for 80 lm size
Fig. 41: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 20 um size
Fig. 41: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 20 um size
Fig. 42: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 30 jum size
Fig. 42: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 30 jum size
Fig. 43: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 43: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 47: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 80 um size fig. 47 shows that the penetration rate of 9.2 kg/m’s at 10 um particle size is even higher than that of 20 pm particle size. The erosion rate observed due to 3% sand concentration are 9.20, 85. 8.33.8 88 11.01. 12.09. 13.43 & 14.76 Ks/m?s.
Fig. 47: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 80 um size fig. 47 shows that the penetration rate of 9.2 kg/m’s at 10 um particle size is even higher than that of 20 pm particle size. The erosion rate observed due to 3% sand concentration are 9.20, 85. 8.33.8 88 11.01. 12.09. 13.43 & 14.76 Ks/m?s.
Fig. 44: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 50 um size
Fig. 44: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 50 um size
Fig. 46: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 70 um size Fig. 45: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 60 um size
Fig. 46: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 70 um size Fig. 45: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 60 um size
Fig. 47: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 80 lm size
Fig. 47: Sand Erosion rate at 4% Sediments concentration for 80 lm size
Fig. 49: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 10 um size
Fig. 49: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 10 um size
Fig. 53: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 50 um size Fig. 52: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 53: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 50 um size Fig. 52: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
um particle size is even higher than that of 20 um particle size. Sand Erosion rate analysis at 60000 PPM sediments concentration: Fig. 56: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 80 um size
um particle size is even higher than that of 20 um particle size. Sand Erosion rate analysis at 60000 PPM sediments concentration: Fig. 56: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 80 um size
Fig. 54: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 60 lm size
Fig. 54: Sand Erosion rate at 5% Sediments concentration for 60 lm size
Fig. 60: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 30 jm size Fig. 61: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 60: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 30 jm size Fig. 61: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 40 um size
Fig. 62: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 50 um size
Fig. 62: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 50 um size
Fig. 58: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 10 um size
Fig. 58: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 10 um size
Fig. 65: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 80 um size It has been observed that as the particle diameter increases, the penetration rate first decreases then increases, with the minimum value occurring at 30 um particle size. Thus, 30 um is the optimum size of sand for the erosion. figure 65 shows that the penetration rate of 15.57 kg/m’s at 10 ym particle size is even higher than that of 20 um particle size. The erosion rate observed due to 6% sand concentration are 15.57 , 14.59, 14.52. 15.22. 18.05. 19.46. 21.23 & 23.01 Ke/m?s. Maximum erosion rate of 23.01 kg/m’s have been observed at 80 um particles size. The average erosion density rate ranging between 2.41E-01 kg/h-m? at 10 um to 4.74E-01 kg/h-m? at 80 tum as shown in 5.56(b).
Fig. 65: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 80 um size It has been observed that as the particle diameter increases, the penetration rate first decreases then increases, with the minimum value occurring at 30 um particle size. Thus, 30 um is the optimum size of sand for the erosion. figure 65 shows that the penetration rate of 15.57 kg/m’s at 10 ym particle size is even higher than that of 20 um particle size. The erosion rate observed due to 6% sand concentration are 15.57 , 14.59, 14.52. 15.22. 18.05. 19.46. 21.23 & 23.01 Ke/m?s. Maximum erosion rate of 23.01 kg/m’s have been observed at 80 um particles size. The average erosion density rate ranging between 2.41E-01 kg/h-m? at 10 um to 4.74E-01 kg/h-m? at 80 tum as shown in 5.56(b).
Fig. 63: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 60 lm size
Fig. 63: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 60 lm size
Fig. 65: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 80 um size
Fig. 65: Sand Erosion rate at 6% Sediments concentration for 80 um size
Fig. 67: Comparative results of sand erosion rate at different sand concentration
Fig. 67: Comparative results of sand erosion rate at different sand concentration
Fig. 68: Comparative results of erosion rate density against different values of sand concentration Fig. 69: Comparative results of Erosion rate density against different values of sediments size
Fig. 68: Comparative results of erosion rate density against different values of sand concentration Fig. 69: Comparative results of Erosion rate density against different values of sediments size
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Environmental ScienceMechanicsGeotechnical EngineeringDraft Tube
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