Figure 2 After the user receives his/her coin from the broker, (s)he can use it to issue commitments for each desired vendor. In AMVPayword , contents of user’s commitments determine the domain of valid paywords for related vendor. If there is any overlap between domains of different commitments, then the customer will be capable of paying some paywords to more than one vendor (double-spending). In order to make sure that paywords domains don’t overlap with each other, the vendor must check the valid domain in broker’s database. The messages transmitted for commitment issuing and verification are shown in Fig. 2