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Source : Building Regulations Approved Documents L1 & L2 Summary of U-values: Elemental method of calculation

Figure 48 Source : Building Regulations Approved Documents L1 & L2 Summary of U-values: Elemental method of calculation

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The figures show maximum gust speed likely to be exceeded on average only once in 50 years at 10 m above the ground in open country. To convert metres per second to miles per hour multiply by 2.24.
The figures show maximum gust speed likely to be exceeded on average only once in 50 years at 10 m above the ground in open country. To convert metres per second to miles per hour multiply by 2.24.
Sea areas, inland areas & coastal stations
Sea areas, inland areas & coastal stations
Source: Mathematical Models
Source: Mathematical Models
The golden section or golden mean is an irrational proportion probably known to the ancient Greeks and thought to be divine by Renaissance theorists. It is defined as a line cut in such a way that the smaller section is to the greater as the greater is to the whole, thus: The golden rectangle is one in which ©® is the ratio of one side to the other.
The golden section or golden mean is an irrational proportion probably known to the ancient Greeks and thought to be divine by Renaissance theorists. It is defined as a line cut in such a way that the smaller section is to the greater as the greater is to the whole, thus: The golden rectangle is one in which ©® is the ratio of one side to the other.
The angle between the diagonal and the long side of a golden rectangle is approximately 31.45°.
The angle between the diagonal and the long side of a golden rectangle is approximately 31.45°.
The second dimension of an envelope denotes the position of the opening flap.
The second dimension of an envelope denotes the position of the opening flap.
Drawing conventions — continued
Drawing conventions — continued
eT — ————— O_O —_——OO Entrance lobbies & corridors — not in dwellings
eT — ————— O_O —_——OO Entrance lobbies & corridors — not in dwellings
Living room — continued
Living room — continued
Trees for towns (continued)
Trees for towns (continued)
Presumed allowable bearing values under static loading
Presumed allowable bearing values under static loading
Grade stress and moduli of elasticity for various strength classes Notes:
Grade stress and moduli of elasticity for various strength classes Notes:
Maximum clear spans for C16 grade softwood (m) Dead loads exclude the self weight of the joist. The table allows for an imposed load of not more than 1.5 kN/m?. Softwood t & g floorboards should be at least 16 mm finished thickness for 400-500 c/c, and 19mm finished thickness for 500-600 c/c.
Maximum clear spans for C16 grade softwood (m) Dead loads exclude the self weight of the joist. The table allows for an imposed load of not more than 1.5 kN/m?. Softwood t & g floorboards should be at least 16 mm finished thickness for 400-500 c/c, and 19mm finished thickness for 500-600 c/c.
The table allows for an imposed load of not more than 0.25 kN/m’. No account has been taken for other loads such as water tanks. Minimum bearing for ceiling joists should be 35 mm. Maximum clear spans for C16 grade softwood (m)
The table allows for an imposed load of not more than 0.25 kN/m’. No account has been taken for other loads such as water tanks. Minimum bearing for ceiling joists should be 35 mm. Maximum clear spans for C16 grade softwood (m)
Prestressed concrete lintels — safe loads (kg/m)
Prestressed concrete lintels — safe loads (kg/m)
Structural steel hollow sections External sizes in mm
Structural steel hollow sections External sizes in mm
Safe loads are safe working loads at maximum length. All figures based on a minimum end bearing of 150 mm. Standard lengths available in 150 mm increments up to 3000 mm length and 300 mm increments thereafter. Steel lintels for cavity walls Sizes and safe loads
Safe loads are safe working loads at maximum length. All figures based on a minimum end bearing of 150 mm. Standard lengths available in 150 mm increments up to 3000 mm length and 300 mm increments thereafter. Steel lintels for cavity walls Sizes and safe loads
minimum sizes and seal depths *Where these fittings discharge directly into a gully the seal depth may be reduced to a minimum of 38 mm.
minimum sizes and seal depths *Where these fittings discharge directly into a gully the seal depth may be reduced to a minimum of 38 mm.
Most covers are available in the load classes shown below.
Most covers are available in the load classes shown below.
Refer to manufacturers’ catalogues for actual flow capacities, as profiles of gutters can vary.
Refer to manufacturers’ catalogues for actual flow capacities, as profiles of gutters can vary.
Water storage Plastic cold water cisterns Rectangular
Water storage Plastic cold water cisterns Rectangular
Thermal conductivity of typical building materials
Thermal conductivity of typical building materials
Standard U-values for construction elements
Standard U-values for construction elements
Central heating and hot water systems
Central heating and hot water systems
Required by the Building Regulations for rooms without ful mechanical ventilation
Required by the Building Regulations for rooms without ful mechanical ventilation
To find the correct amp rating of a socket for an appliance, divide the watts of the appliance by the volts i.e. watts + 230 = amps.
To find the correct amp rating of a socket for an appliance, divide the watts of the appliance by the volts i.e. watts + 230 = amps.
Comparative costs of domestic appliances
Comparative costs of domestic appliances
*Recommended minimum light levels
*Recommended minimum light levels
Halogen: mains voltage
Halogen: mains voltage
Building Regulations requirements
Building Regulations requirements
Stairs with more than 36 risers in consecutive flights should make at least one change of direction of not less than 30°. No more than 16 risers in any flight of stairs serving areas used as a shop or for assembly.
Stairs with more than 36 risers in consecutive flights should make at least one change of direction of not less than 30°. No more than 16 risers in any flight of stairs serving areas used as a shop or for assembly.
Superimposed hearths are optional. They must be made of solid non-combustible material and be placed over a constructional hearth as shown on P. 170. An appliance must be located on a hearth (whether a constructional or superimposed hearth) with the minimum dimensions as shown in the drawings above. The edge of this area of hearth must be clearly marked such as by a change of level.
Superimposed hearths are optional. They must be made of solid non-combustible material and be placed over a constructional hearth as shown on P. 170. An appliance must be located on a hearth (whether a constructional or superimposed hearth) with the minimum dimensions as shown in the drawings above. The edge of this area of hearth must be clearly marked such as by a change of level.
Minimum dimensions from the face of an appliance
Minimum dimensions from the face of an appliance
Typical sizes of single leaf standard doors (metric)
Typical sizes of single leaf standard doors (metric)
Typical sizes of single leaf standard doors (imperial)
Typical sizes of single leaf standard doors (imperial)
The traditional way of describing the configuration of a door is by the ‘hand’ — see 1. There is also the ISO coding method 2 which describes a door’s action as clockwise or anticlockwise. Despite its name it is not international and not widely used. Different components for a door sometimes conflict as, for instance, a door which requires a right hand rebated mortice lock may need a left hand overhead door closer. When in doubt, the specifier should draw a diagram.
The traditional way of describing the configuration of a door is by the ‘hand’ — see 1. There is also the ISO coding method 2 which describes a door’s action as clockwise or anticlockwise. Despite its name it is not international and not widely used. Different components for a door sometimes conflict as, for instance, a door which requires a right hand rebated mortice lock may need a left hand overhead door closer. When in doubt, the specifier should draw a diagram.
SS ae Oe a 65 — 90 mm leaf thickness over 90 mm leaf thickness = 450 horizontally / 450 mm vertically = 900 horizontally / 450 mm vertically
SS ae Oe a 65 — 90 mm leaf thickness over 90 mm leaf thickness = 450 horizontally / 450 mm vertically = 900 horizontally / 450 mm vertically
LUITIVPEssIVE SUEIgtil. Blocks range from 2.8 to 7.0 N/mm? depending on composition. 4.0 N/mm Is average.
LUITIVPEssIVE SUEIgtil. Blocks range from 2.8 to 7.0 N/mm? depending on composition. 4.0 N/mm Is average.
earthenware Pottery made from brick earth; softer than stoneware. Exposed surfaces are often glazed.
earthenware Pottery made from brick earth; softer than stoneware. Exposed surfaces are often glazed.
Typical mix *Pulverised fuel ash Mortar mixes for stonework
Typical mix *Pulverised fuel ash Mortar mixes for stonework
H = horizontal; V = vertical; CT = cavity tray. DPCs provide an impermeable barrier to the passage of mois ture from below, from above or horizontally. They can be flexible, semi-rigid or rigid. Rigid DPCs are only suitable fo rising damp. Soft metal DPCs are expensive but safest fo intricate situations. Cavity trays are needed above element that bridge cavities to direct water to outside. DPCs should b bedded both sides in mortar. Seal DPCs to floor membranes Upper and vertical DPCs should always lap over lower or hori zontal ones. DPCs must not project into cavities where the may collect mortar and bridge the cavity. DPCs provide an impermeable barrier to the passage of mois- ture from below, from above or horizontally. They can be flexible, semi-rigid or rigid. Rigid DPCs are only suitable for rising damp. Soft metal DPCs are expensive but safest for intricate situations. Cavity trays are needed above elements that bridge cavities to direct water to outside. DPCs should be bedded both sides in mortar. Seal DPCs to floor membranes. Upper and vertical DPCs should always lap over lower or hori- zontal ones. DPCs must not project into cavities where they may collect mortar and bridge the cavity.
H = horizontal; V = vertical; CT = cavity tray. DPCs provide an impermeable barrier to the passage of mois ture from below, from above or horizontally. They can be flexible, semi-rigid or rigid. Rigid DPCs are only suitable fo rising damp. Soft metal DPCs are expensive but safest fo intricate situations. Cavity trays are needed above element that bridge cavities to direct water to outside. DPCs should b bedded both sides in mortar. Seal DPCs to floor membranes Upper and vertical DPCs should always lap over lower or hori zontal ones. DPCs must not project into cavities where the may collect mortar and bridge the cavity. DPCs provide an impermeable barrier to the passage of mois- ture from below, from above or horizontally. They can be flexible, semi-rigid or rigid. Rigid DPCs are only suitable for rising damp. Soft metal DPCs are expensive but safest for intricate situations. Cavity trays are needed above elements that bridge cavities to direct water to outside. DPCs should be bedded both sides in mortar. Seal DPCs to floor membranes. Upper and vertical DPCs should always lap over lower or hori- zontal ones. DPCs must not project into cavities where they may collect mortar and bridge the cavity.
Dampness in buildings
Dampness in buildings
Rendering mixes for different backgrounds and exposures
Rendering mixes for different backgrounds and exposures
Concrete which is exceptionally smooth will require a PVAC agent. Very level surfaces may be plastered with a single 2 mm coat of Thistle Multi-Finish or Board Finish.
Concrete which is exceptionally smooth will require a PVAC agent. Very level surfaces may be plastered with a single 2 mm coat of Thistle Multi-Finish or Board Finish.
*A ratio of the average mass of atoms in a given sample to one-twelfth the mass of a carbon 12 atom. Metals commonly used in the construction industry
*A ratio of the average mass of atoms in a given sample to one-twelfth the mass of a carbon 12 atom. Metals commonly used in the construction industry
V = may be in contact; Y = may be in contact in dry conditions; X = should not be used in contact. Bvt Flite taal EEE MOREE Contact between dissimilar metals should be avoided where possible. Where contact cannot be avoided and moisture may be pre. sent, metals should be separated as shown in the table below.
V = may be in contact; Y = may be in contact in dry conditions; X = should not be used in contact. Bvt Flite taal EEE MOREE Contact between dissimilar metals should be avoided where possible. Where contact cannot be avoided and moisture may be pre. sent, metals should be separated as shown in the table below.
Source: Alfred McAlpine Slate Ltd
Source: Alfred McAlpine Slate Ltd
Coverage relates to tiles laid at the maximum gauge. The number of tiles will increase as gauge decreases. Weights are approximate and relate to tiles laid at maximum gauge. Weights will increase as gauge decreases.
Coverage relates to tiles laid at the maximum gauge. The number of tiles will increase as gauge decreases. Weights are approximate and relate to tiles laid at maximum gauge. Weights will increase as gauge decreases.
Parapet and Tapered Gutters
Parapet and Tapered Gutters
* Maximum sizes are for guidance only and are not recommended glazing sizes. Upper figure is for annealed glass, lower figure for toughened glass.
* Maximum sizes are for guidance only and are not recommended glazing sizes. Upper figure is for annealed glass, lower figure for toughened glass.
Softwood — standard sawn sizes (mm)
Softwood — standard sawn sizes (mm)
Hardwood mouldings
Hardwood mouldings
Source: Handbook of Fixings and Fastenings
Source: Handbook of Fixings and Fastenings
in millimetres and inches
in millimetres and inches
Notes: Standard wallpaper roll is 530 mm wide X 10.06 m long (21” x 33'0") One roll will cover approximately 5 m? (54 ft?) including waste
Notes: Standard wallpaper roll is 530 mm wide X 10.06 m long (21” x 33'0") One roll will cover approximately 5 m? (54 ft?) including waste
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Ergonomics
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