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Fic. 13.3. Paul Sidney Martin with a motion picutre amera in southwestern Colorado. A detailed reading of the rest of the Lowry Ruin site report (Martin et al. 1936) clearly indi- cates that he was interested in more than just time- space systematics—he was also interested in pre- historic psychology and culture patterns (see Hawley 1937). Martin also reestablished an ana- lytical precedent set by John Wesley Powell in 1881 by hiring an architect. Lawrence Roys, to analyze the construction of Lowry Ruin (see Lon- gacre 2000).

Figure 60 Fic. 13.3. Paul Sidney Martin with a motion picutre amera in southwestern Colorado. A detailed reading of the rest of the Lowry Ruin site report (Martin et al. 1936) clearly indi- cates that he was interested in more than just time- space systematics—he was also interested in pre- historic psychology and culture patterns (see Hawley 1937). Martin also reestablished an ana- lytical precedent set by John Wesley Powell in 1881 by hiring an architect. Lawrence Roys, to analyze the construction of Lowry Ruin (see Lon- gacre 2000).

Related Figures (112)

Stephen E. Nash and Gary M. Feinman, Editors
Stephen E. Nash and Gary M. Feinman, Editors
Fic. 3.1. Alexander von Humboldt statue, Humboldt Park, Chicago. (Photograph by David R. Wi cox, October 23, 2000.)
Fic. 3.1. Alexander von Humboldt statue, Humboldt Park, Chicago. (Photograph by David R. Wi cox, October 23, 2000.)
1991:199: May 1983:202), some Chicagoans clung to the earlier ideals. The successful reloca- tion of the Field Museum to its current location south of Grant Park and the later constriction nearby of the Shedd Aquarium (1929) and the Ad- ler Planetarium (1930) are a testament to their success. Just how the former was accomplished, however, remains something of a mystery (but see Condit 1973; Wille 1991). Yet its outlines can be sketched. countries, and at home the Oriental Institute build- ing was erected in 1930 with a sculpture occu- pying the tympanum over the entrance that was “intended to suggest the transition of civilization from the ancient Orient to the West" (Breasted 1935:103). Tucked away in the midst of the Uni- versity of Chicago, this building may be modest, but its program was powerful, and it has influ- enced the world’s conception of what civilization is. By contrast, the carly Field Museum's pro- grams were modest, but its architectural presence sent an imposing message.
1991:199: May 1983:202), some Chicagoans clung to the earlier ideals. The successful reloca- tion of the Field Museum to its current location south of Grant Park and the later constriction nearby of the Shedd Aquarium (1929) and the Ad- ler Planetarium (1930) are a testament to their success. Just how the former was accomplished, however, remains something of a mystery (but see Condit 1973; Wille 1991). Yet its outlines can be sketched. countries, and at home the Oriental Institute build- ing was erected in 1930 with a sculpture occu- pying the tympanum over the entrance that was “intended to suggest the transition of civilization from the ancient Orient to the West" (Breasted 1935:103). Tucked away in the midst of the Uni- versity of Chicago, this building may be modest, but its program was powerful, and it has influ- enced the world’s conception of what civilization is. By contrast, the carly Field Museum's pro- grams were modest, but its architectural presence sent an imposing message.
Fic. 3.8. Field Museum Anthropology curators, mid-1920s. Left to right: Henry Field, Wilfred Hambly, J. Eric Thompson, and Berthold Laufer.
Fic. 3.8. Field Museum Anthropology curators, mid-1920s. Left to right: Henry Field, Wilfred Hambly, J. Eric Thompson, and Berthold Laufer.
Fic. 3.9. John McCarter accepting the replica of Olmec head no. 8 from the governor of Vera Cruz, Mexico, October 21, 2000. (Photograph by David R. Wilcox.)
Fic. 3.9. John McCarter accepting the replica of Olmec head no. 8 from the governor of Vera Cruz, Mexico, October 21, 2000. (Photograph by David R. Wilcox.)
Fic. 4.1. North American Ethnology Hall, containing the Ayer Collection, Field Columbian Museum, Jackson Park, ca. 1896.
Fic. 4.1. North American Ethnology Hall, containing the Ayer Collection, Field Columbian Museum, Jackson Park, ca. 1896.
The Origin of the Department of Anthropology Examining the latest available reports of the American Museum of Natural History (1898), and the United States National Museum (1897), it is shown that their expenditures were $204,955.95 and $186,498.33 respectively. The attendance is
The Origin of the Department of Anthropology Examining the latest available reports of the American Museum of Natural History (1898), and the United States National Museum (1897), it is shown that their expenditures were $204,955.95 and $186,498.33 respectively. The attendance is
Fic. 5.1. Field Museum of Natural History in Jackson Park, Chicago, 1907.
Fic. 5.1. Field Museum of Natural History in Jackson Park, Chicago, 1907.
Fic. 5.2. European Archaeology Hall. North Court. Field Museum of Natural History, Jackson Park, Chicago, ca. 1907.
Fic. 5.2. European Archaeology Hall. North Court. Field Museum of Natural History, Jackson Park, Chicago, ca. 1907.
Fic. 5.3. Hall of Archaeology and Ethnology of North America, East Court, Field Columbian Museum, Jackson Park, ca. 1896.
Fic. 5.3. Hall of Archaeology and Ethnology of North America, East Court, Field Columbian Museum, Jackson Park, ca. 1896.
Fic 5.4 Hopi House diorama, Ficld Columbian Museum, ca. 1900.
Fic 5.4 Hopi House diorama, Ficld Columbian Museum, ca. 1900.
Fic 5.5 Hall 9: Egypt, including mummy cases and mummies, canopic jars, and sculptures, Field Columbian Mu- seum, 1903.
Fic 5.5 Hall 9: Egypt, including mummy cases and mummies, canopic jars, and sculptures, Field Columbian Mu- seum, 1903.
TABLE 6.1. Department of Anthropology curators: 1893—present.
TABLE 6.1. Department of Anthropology curators: 1893—present.
TABLE 6.2. Total Field Museum Anthropology staff members, 1926-2002, by decade.
TABLE 6.2. Total Field Museum Anthropology staff members, 1926-2002, by decade.
Fic. 6.1. Anthropology staff members, by decade.
Fic. 6.1. Anthropology staff members, by decade.
Taste 6.3. Field Museum expeditions and_field- work, 1894-2001, by decade and continent. prising Polynesia, including New Zealand, Ha- wali, Easter Island, Samoa, Tonga, the Marquesas, the Cook Islands, and others. A significant portion of this collection originated in the A.W.F Fuller collection. The Polynesia collection includes some outstanding individual objects, such as the Hawaiian “mate”? to the Bloxam figure and the Hawaiian feathered war god Kukailimokur. The Hawaiian tapa is particularly noteworthy. The Maori collection is outstanding and includes the council house, Ruatepupuke II, one of only three council houses outside New Zealand. Many of the Maori weapons and implements are also of fine quality and of scholarly importance.
Taste 6.3. Field Museum expeditions and_field- work, 1894-2001, by decade and continent. prising Polynesia, including New Zealand, Ha- wali, Easter Island, Samoa, Tonga, the Marquesas, the Cook Islands, and others. A significant portion of this collection originated in the A.W.F Fuller collection. The Polynesia collection includes some outstanding individual objects, such as the Hawaiian “mate”? to the Bloxam figure and the Hawaiian feathered war god Kukailimokur. The Hawaiian tapa is particularly noteworthy. The Maori collection is outstanding and includes the council house, Ruatepupuke II, one of only three council houses outside New Zealand. Many of the Maori weapons and implements are also of fine quality and of scholarly importance.
Fic. 6.2. Anthropology expeditions and fieldwork, by decade.
Fic. 6.2. Anthropology expeditions and fieldwork, by decade.
Fic. 6.3. Department of Anthropology accessions, 1893-2001.
Fic. 6.3. Department of Anthropology accessions, 1893-2001.
Fic. 6.4. Fieldiana: Anthropology volumes pub- lished by decade.
Fic. 6.4. Fieldiana: Anthropology volumes pub- lished by decade.
Fic. 6.5. Temporary Anthropology exhibits, by de- cade. of the anthropological exhibition but nevertheless remain popular with museum audiences.
Fic. 6.5. Temporary Anthropology exhibits, by de- cade. of the anthropological exhibition but nevertheless remain popular with museum audiences.
of the Museum’s director (Frederick J. V. Skiff) and the board of trustees (see Appendix 3), all of whom wanted their young Museum to compete with the older museums in New York and Wash- ington, and they encouraged Dorsey’s efforts even if they sometimes felt these efforts too expensive (see Wilcox, this volume).
of the Museum’s director (Frederick J. V. Skiff) and the board of trustees (see Appendix 3), all of whom wanted their young Museum to compete with the older museums in New York and Wash- ington, and they encouraged Dorsey’s efforts even if they sometimes felt these efforts too expensive (see Wilcox, this volume).
eryone’s talents. He added important collections by sending curators to the field, by coaxing mu- seum patrons to donate valuable objects, by pur- chasing collections from dealers, and by commis- sioning individuals all over the world to assemble collections for him to buy. Burma, and Malaya, and in 1905 and 1908 he bought two collections from anthropologist A. R. Brown (later Radcliffe-Brown) representing the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In these acquisi- tions, Dorsey was merely extending an acquisition program that since 190] had proved successful for acquiring large numbers of Native American items: Northwest Coast objects from C. F New- combe (1901), California Indian material from J. W. Hudson (1903), and Plains Indian pieces from James Mooney (1902).
eryone’s talents. He added important collections by sending curators to the field, by coaxing mu- seum patrons to donate valuable objects, by pur- chasing collections from dealers, and by commis- sioning individuals all over the world to assemble collections for him to buy. Burma, and Malaya, and in 1905 and 1908 he bought two collections from anthropologist A. R. Brown (later Radcliffe-Brown) representing the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In these acquisi- tions, Dorsey was merely extending an acquisition program that since 190] had proved successful for acquiring large numbers of Native American items: Northwest Coast objects from C. F New- combe (1901), California Indian material from J. W. Hudson (1903), and Plains Indian pieces from James Mooney (1902).
Stanley Field. This three-year gift of $5,000 per year would support A. B. Lewis’s expedition to Melanesia in 1906-1907. About the same time, Dorsey helped arrange the Blackstone Fund, which would support several of Berthold Laufer’s trips to China and Tibet (see Bronson, this vol- ume). During the same period, Dorsey personally made numerous trips to visit dealers in Europe or other parts of the United States and made several collecting trips overseas on his own, the most im- portant being an eight-month round-the-world ex- pedition in 1908. During this expedition he visited and made collections in Egypt, India, Java, Aus- tralia, German New Guinea, and the Philippines. His own collections remain important, as do the several collections he arranged to purchase from others on this trip. But Dorsey’s most important legacy remains the rich collections assembled by his assistant curators on their various expeditions. During his twenty-year (1895-1915) tenure at the Museum, Dorsey’s efforts had expanded the de- partment’s holdings from about 30,000 objects to
Stanley Field. This three-year gift of $5,000 per year would support A. B. Lewis’s expedition to Melanesia in 1906-1907. About the same time, Dorsey helped arrange the Blackstone Fund, which would support several of Berthold Laufer’s trips to China and Tibet (see Bronson, this vol- ume). During the same period, Dorsey personally made numerous trips to visit dealers in Europe or other parts of the United States and made several collecting trips overseas on his own, the most im- portant being an eight-month round-the-world ex- pedition in 1908. During this expedition he visited and made collections in Egypt, India, Java, Aus- tralia, German New Guinea, and the Philippines. His own collections remain important, as do the several collections he arranged to purchase from others on this trip. But Dorsey’s most important legacy remains the rich collections assembled by his assistant curators on their various expeditions. During his twenty-year (1895-1915) tenure at the Museum, Dorsey’s efforts had expanded the de- partment’s holdings from about 30,000 objects to
nearly 160,000. They included more than a thou- sand different accessions, the largest being Lew- is’s main accession from the Joseph N. Field Ex- pedition (Accession 1113) containing more than 11,000 catalogue numbers. overseas expeditions, Lewis personally deserves credit for his success in Melanesia. But Lewis probably would not and perhaps could not have achieved as much without Dorscy’s firm support. Lewis had clearly embraced his mentor’s vision of what anthropological fieldwork might achieve. Bolstered by his training under Boas and his own personal drive, Lewis accomplished considerably more than anyone would have imagined before the expedition. Most important, during four years of arduous fieldwork, Lewis became the realiza- tion of Dorsey's vision of what his curators could accomplish in the field. In this way Lewis's role in the history of the Field Museum’s anthropology department is directly tied to the role of the de- partment’s chief curator.
nearly 160,000. They included more than a thou- sand different accessions, the largest being Lew- is’s main accession from the Joseph N. Field Ex- pedition (Accession 1113) containing more than 11,000 catalogue numbers. overseas expeditions, Lewis personally deserves credit for his success in Melanesia. But Lewis probably would not and perhaps could not have achieved as much without Dorscy’s firm support. Lewis had clearly embraced his mentor’s vision of what anthropological fieldwork might achieve. Bolstered by his training under Boas and his own personal drive, Lewis accomplished considerably more than anyone would have imagined before the expedition. Most important, during four years of arduous fieldwork, Lewis became the realiza- tion of Dorsey's vision of what his curators could accomplish in the field. In this way Lewis's role in the history of the Field Museum’s anthropology department is directly tied to the role of the de- partment’s chief curator.
Fic. 8.6. Wooden food bow! from the Admiralty Islands, collected by A. B. Lewis.
Fic. 8.6. Wooden food bow! from the Admiralty Islands, collected by A. B. Lewis.
buying in the villages, including information about where objects were made, how they were used, what they were called, and so on. In this way, the Lewis Collection is far superior to any other Melanesian collection of its time in number of objects, in the amount of documentation, in the number of communities surveyed, and in the range of stylistic variation represented, both with- in communities and among neighboring commu- nities. Lewis's collecting strategy was, thus, shaped by his own developing vision of what a research collection could be and what he hoped it might show. tr. ig. Pn o~ _¥ a community on another. Such concerns had filled the pages of his dissertation, and we should hardly be surprised that, when given a chance, he col- lected exactly the kinds of field data that had been absent in the collections and literature about the Indians of the Washington and Oregon coast. Viewed as a whole, the Lewis Collection is the most systematic collection from Melanesia of its period in any museum in the world.
buying in the villages, including information about where objects were made, how they were used, what they were called, and so on. In this way, the Lewis Collection is far superior to any other Melanesian collection of its time in number of objects, in the amount of documentation, in the number of communities surveyed, and in the range of stylistic variation represented, both with- in communities and among neighboring commu- nities. Lewis's collecting strategy was, thus, shaped by his own developing vision of what a research collection could be and what he hoped it might show. tr. ig. Pn o~ _¥ a community on another. Such concerns had filled the pages of his dissertation, and we should hardly be surprised that, when given a chance, he col- lected exactly the kinds of field data that had been absent in the collections and literature about the Indians of the Washington and Oregon coast. Viewed as a whole, the Lewis Collection is the most systematic collection from Melanesia of its period in any museum in the world.
Fic. 8.8. Fay-Cooper Cole with a Negrito man during the R. EF Cummings Philippine Expedition, 1907-1908.
Fic. 8.8. Fay-Cooper Cole with a Negrito man during the R. EF Cummings Philippine Expedition, 1907-1908.
Fic. 9.2. Berthold Laufer (right) in Hankow, ca. 1904. He had again shown his toughness in coping with difficult field conditions. He seems to have traveled alone, living in a Chinese rather than ex- patriate world. In a letter written in 1903, he told Boas, “I have come to love the land and people and have become so sinicized (“‘chinisiert’’) that ... [ feel myself to be better and healthier as a Chinese than as a European.” However, as was also to be true of his trip to China in 1908-1910, his letters and field summaries from this period include very few names of either Western or Chi- nese individuals whom he met in the field: he ev- idently was not a social man. He did only limited ethnographic work while in China, mostly fo- cused on drama, music, temple rituals, and pop- ular amusements; otherwise, he spent his time traveling and buying artifacts. By the time he fin- ished, he had acquired a major collection of ar- chaeological and ethnographic material—about
Fic. 9.2. Berthold Laufer (right) in Hankow, ca. 1904. He had again shown his toughness in coping with difficult field conditions. He seems to have traveled alone, living in a Chinese rather than ex- patriate world. In a letter written in 1903, he told Boas, “I have come to love the land and people and have become so sinicized (“‘chinisiert’’) that ... [ feel myself to be better and healthier as a Chinese than as a European.” However, as was also to be true of his trip to China in 1908-1910, his letters and field summaries from this period include very few names of either Western or Chi- nese individuals whom he met in the field: he ev- idently was not a social man. He did only limited ethnographic work while in China, mostly fo- cused on drama, music, temple rituals, and pop- ular amusements; otherwise, he spent his time traveling and buying artifacts. By the time he fin- ished, he had acquired a major collection of ar- chaeological and ethnographic material—about
Museum of Natural History led Laufer to consider a change of employment. 10,000 objects, plus books. rubbings, photographs and cylinder recordings (Fig. 9.3). Museum of Natural History led Laufer to consider a change of employment. Shortly after his return from China in 1904, | was put on the American Museum of Natural Hi tory’s regular payroll for the first time, receivir the title ‘Assistant in Ethnology.” In 1905-19¢ he was also a lecturer in anthropology and (fro 1906) in Eastern Asiatic languages at Columb University. Under the guidance of Boas, the m seum and university had both become leaders the developing field of academic anthropolog However, neither had a strong interest in Laufer brand of historical, artifact- and text-focused r search. A lack of intellectual support and decrea ing interest in Asia on the part of the Americ: His chance came in 1907. In June of that year, he met George Dorsey in New York and suggest- ed assembling a Tibetan collection for the Field Museum. In November 1907, he accepted Dor- sey’s offer of the position of assistant curator of asiatic Ethnology. His new employers promptly endorsed Laufer’s Tibetan suggestion and asked him to carry out a three-year expedition to be funded, to the tune of $40,000, by Mrs. Timothy B. Blackstone, the wife of a Chicago railway magnate. Tibet was to be the chief objective of the Blackstone Expedition. While Laufer would be buying Chinese and Tibetan books for the
Museum of Natural History led Laufer to consider a change of employment. 10,000 objects, plus books. rubbings, photographs and cylinder recordings (Fig. 9.3). Museum of Natural History led Laufer to consider a change of employment. Shortly after his return from China in 1904, | was put on the American Museum of Natural Hi tory’s regular payroll for the first time, receivir the title ‘Assistant in Ethnology.” In 1905-19¢ he was also a lecturer in anthropology and (fro 1906) in Eastern Asiatic languages at Columb University. Under the guidance of Boas, the m seum and university had both become leaders the developing field of academic anthropolog However, neither had a strong interest in Laufer brand of historical, artifact- and text-focused r search. A lack of intellectual support and decrea ing interest in Asia on the part of the Americ: His chance came in 1907. In June of that year, he met George Dorsey in New York and suggest- ed assembling a Tibetan collection for the Field Museum. In November 1907, he accepted Dor- sey’s offer of the position of assistant curator of asiatic Ethnology. His new employers promptly endorsed Laufer’s Tibetan suggestion and asked him to carry out a three-year expedition to be funded, to the tune of $40,000, by Mrs. Timothy B. Blackstone, the wife of a Chicago railway magnate. Tibet was to be the chief objective of the Blackstone Expedition. While Laufer would be buying Chinese and Tibetan books for the
Fic. 9.5. Teapot of tin-lined, partially gilt copper collected in Darjeeling India, 1980-1910. Chinese work, Tibetan, of the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. The relief picture in the medallion represents the Ra sien.
Fic. 9.5. Teapot of tin-lined, partially gilt copper collected in Darjeeling India, 1980-1910. Chinese work, Tibetan, of the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. The relief picture in the medallion represents the Ra sien.
Fic. 9.6. Imperial dragon screen from the K’ien-lung period. Lacquer and wood.
Fic. 9.6. Imperial dragon screen from the K’ien-lung period. Lacquer and wood.
H™ Field (Fig. 10.1) joined the Department of Anthropology as assistant curator of physical anthropology and archaeology in 1926 and held the position until 1941. During that de- eade and a half, Field played a critical role in the development of some of the most famous exhibits the Field Museum has ever produced: the Hall of the Races of Mankind, which displayed the bronze statutes made by Malvina Hoffman, and the Hall of Prehistoric Man, which contained the world-famous dioramas of prehistoric humans in
H™ Field (Fig. 10.1) joined the Department of Anthropology as assistant curator of physical anthropology and archaeology in 1926 and held the position until 1941. During that de- eade and a half, Field played a critical role in the development of some of the most famous exhibits the Field Museum has ever produced: the Hall of the Races of Mankind, which displayed the bronze statutes made by Malvina Hoffman, and the Hall of Prehistoric Man, which contained the world-famous dioramas of prehistoric humans in
Fic. 10.2. Trench A at Kish in its last stages. The workmen on the left are beginning to cut Trench Y lower down. The figure surveying the field like Napoleon is Henry Field, overlooking Trench Z2. (Photograph by Eric Schroeder.)
Fic. 10.2. Trench A at Kish in its last stages. The workmen on the left are beginning to cut Trench Y lower down. The figure surveying the field like Napoleon is Henry Field, overlooking Trench Z2. (Photograph by Eric Schroeder.)
Fic. 10.7. **Neanderthal family of Gibralter, about 50,000 years ago,” from the Hall of Prehistoric Man.
Fic. 10.7. **Neanderthal family of Gibralter, about 50,000 years ago,” from the Hall of Prehistoric Man.
Fic. 10.9. Swiss Lake Dweller diorama.
Fic. 10.9. Swiss Lake Dweller diorama.
in the Somme gravels of central France. Upper Paleolithic artifacts came from Henry Field’s own collecting work in Europe, especially in France, where Museum folklore has it that Field built a church for the townspeople of Solutre in exchange for the bulk of the collection from La Solutre, a famous Upper Paleolithic site.
in the Somme gravels of central France. Upper Paleolithic artifacts came from Henry Field’s own collecting work in Europe, especially in France, where Museum folklore has it that Field built a church for the townspeople of Solutre in exchange for the bulk of the collection from La Solutre, a famous Upper Paleolithic site.
Fic. 11.1. Papier-maché casts of Mayan stele ruins, and Mesoamerican sculptures made by Edward H. Thompso for the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893.
Fic. 11.1. Papier-maché casts of Mayan stele ruins, and Mesoamerican sculptures made by Edward H. Thompso for the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893.
Fic. 11.2. Temple of the Jaguars, Chichén Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
Fic. 11.2. Temple of the Jaguars, Chichén Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
Fic. 11.4. J. Eric S. Thompson in 1967 on the oc- casion of the 40th anniversary of the publication of Civ- ilisation of the Maya.
Fic. 11.4. J. Eric S. Thompson in 1967 on the oc- casion of the 40th anniversary of the publication of Civ- ilisation of the Maya.
Fic. 12.1. Ralph Linton with a large temple drun from the Marquesas Islands.
Fic. 12.1. Ralph Linton with a large temple drun from the Marquesas Islands.
Fic. 12.2. Figured raffia cloth used as a lamba (shroud or cloak) in Kaudreao, Madagascar.
Fic. 12.2. Figured raffia cloth used as a lamba (shroud or cloak) in Kaudreao, Madagascar.
Fic. 12.3. Wilfred D. Hambly alongside the S.S. Waganda in Antwerp, Belgium.
Fic. 12.3. Wilfred D. Hambly alongside the S.S. Waganda in Antwerp, Belgium.
Fic. 12.4. Map of the principal exploration areas of the Rawson—Field Museum West African Expedition.
Fic. 12.4. Map of the principal exploration areas of the Rawson—Field Museum West African Expedition.
Fic. 12.6. Ovimbundu man with club, spear, and ouch.
Fic. 12.6. Ovimbundu man with club, spear, and ouch.
Fic. 12.5. VoChokue potter near Elende, Angola.
Fic. 12.5. VoChokue potter near Elende, Angola.
was to classify, record, and collect ethnographic data for the Field Museum. His photographs, which can still be viewed in the Department of Anthropology, have been repeatedly used for sci- entific publication, exhibition illustrations, and general publicity. For public consumption, the pictures went into pamphlets, scholarly works, and popular articles.
was to classify, record, and collect ethnographic data for the Field Museum. His photographs, which can still be viewed in the Department of Anthropology, have been repeatedly used for sci- entific publication, exhibition illustrations, and general publicity. For public consumption, the pictures went into pamphlets, scholarly works, and popular articles.
conclusions, he continues to discuss the relevance of the African physique in the representation of Africans: African peoples in the Field Museum Bulletin and other publications. In an article titled ‘Africa, So Vital in World Affairs Today, Well Represented in Field Museum,” Hambly (1942) discussed the representation of African peoples in the work of sculptor Malvina Hoffman (see Yastrow and Nash. this volume). In line with his own research
conclusions, he continues to discuss the relevance of the African physique in the representation of Africans: African peoples in the Field Museum Bulletin and other publications. In an article titled ‘Africa, So Vital in World Affairs Today, Well Represented in Field Museum,” Hambly (1942) discussed the representation of African peoples in the work of sculptor Malvina Hoffman (see Yastrow and Nash. this volume). In line with his own research
Fic. 12.9. Philip H. Lewis holding a Pi mask from northern New Ireland, with an African figure in the background
Fic. 12.9. Philip H. Lewis holding a Pi mask from northern New Ireland, with an African figure in the background
Fic. 12.10. Leon Siroto, photographed in March 1965.
Fic. 12.10. Leon Siroto, photographed in March 1965.
Fic. 13.1. Paul Sidney Martin in 1934. aul Sidney Martin (Fig. 13.1) served as a cu e rator in the Field Museum Department o Anthropology from 1929 to 1972, during whic! time he made significant contributions to Nort American archacological knowledge, method, an theory. Martin professionally excavated more tha 70 archacological sites in Colorado, Arizona, an New Mexico for the Field Museum. He recorde hundreds more while overseeing six major at chacological surveys in those states. He collecte more than 585,000 artifacts, trained more than 5! individuals who went on to become professiona archaeologists, and published more than 20)
Fic. 13.1. Paul Sidney Martin in 1934. aul Sidney Martin (Fig. 13.1) served as a cu e rator in the Field Museum Department o Anthropology from 1929 to 1972, during whic! time he made significant contributions to Nort American archacological knowledge, method, an theory. Martin professionally excavated more tha 70 archacological sites in Colorado, Arizona, an New Mexico for the Field Museum. He recorde hundreds more while overseeing six major at chacological surveys in those states. He collecte more than 585,000 artifacts, trained more than 5! individuals who went on to become professiona archaeologists, and published more than 20)
young scholar seeking to make a scholarly mark on the profession. Martin's research did not occu! in a vacuum, and he knew that a new intellectual challenge lay due south in the mountainous re- gions of west-central New Mexico and east-cen- tral Arizona, where his colleague and friend Emi! Walter Haury of the University of Arizona hac
young scholar seeking to make a scholarly mark on the profession. Martin's research did not occu! in a vacuum, and he knew that a new intellectual challenge lay due south in the mountainous re- gions of west-central New Mexico and east-cen- tral Arizona, where his colleague and friend Emi! Walter Haury of the University of Arizona hac
recently discovered a new and controversial pre- historic culture: the pithouse-dwelling Mogollon (Haury 1936). In 1937, Martin (1937) published a glowing review of Haury’s (1936) Mogollon Culture of Southwestern New Mexico, in which his enthusiasm for Haury’s discovery was palpa- ble: “The results of [Haury’s] work are so aston- ishing. so far reaching, and so unorthodox that the worth of thts report and of the new data contained therein probably will not be understood or es- teemed for some years.... The hypotheses set forth in this excellent repert will doubtless be scoffed at by many competent people.... | am willing to go along with Haury” (Martin 937: 233-234). With these words, Martin jumped head- long onto the Mogollon bandwagon and went to west-central New Mexico to excavate the SU Site.
recently discovered a new and controversial pre- historic culture: the pithouse-dwelling Mogollon (Haury 1936). In 1937, Martin (1937) published a glowing review of Haury’s (1936) Mogollon Culture of Southwestern New Mexico, in which his enthusiasm for Haury’s discovery was palpa- ble: “The results of [Haury’s] work are so aston- ishing. so far reaching, and so unorthodox that the worth of thts report and of the new data contained therein probably will not be understood or es- teemed for some years.... The hypotheses set forth in this excellent repert will doubtless be scoffed at by many competent people.... | am willing to go along with Haury” (Martin 937: 233-234). With these words, Martin jumped head- long onto the Mogollon bandwagon and went to west-central New Mexico to excavate the SU Site.
Fic. 13.6. Pithouse N at the SU Site. The beginning of the stripping operation is visible. er they had developed any religious concepts, and what their particular interests were.
Fic. 13.6. Pithouse N at the SU Site. The beginning of the stripping operation is visible. er they had developed any religious concepts, and what their particular interests were.
FiG. 13.7. John Moyer taking motion pictures of the excavation of Tularosa Cave, New Mexico.
FiG. 13.7. John Moyer taking motion pictures of the excavation of Tularosa Cave, New Mexico.
5G. 13.8. Warp sandals with scalloped toes from Tularosa Cave, New Mexico,
5G. 13.8. Warp sandals with scalloped toes from Tularosa Cave, New Mexico,
Fic. 13.9. View from Table Rock Pueblo looking east. Room 38 is in the foreground with a firepit. The arrow, 30 cm long, points north. A meter stick rests against the wall of Room 34.
Fic. 13.9. View from Table Rock Pueblo looking east. Room 38 is in the foreground with a firepit. The arrow, 30 cm long, points north. A meter stick rests against the wall of Room 34.
new orders were established in everything from mathematics to physics and sociology. Rarely, however, has so senior a scholar, with such a stel- lar record of accomplishments, so wholeheartedly and publicly rejected so much of a productive ca- reer (sce Martin 1971). relationship between the Hopi, Zuni, and prehis- toric (Mogollon) peoples in the region, and estab- lish a “stratigraphy” of traits for the area, The 1962 grant application has a more modern aspect, stressing cultural ecology and the processes of culture change. It includes sophisticated sampling techniques, statistical methods, and analytical computing technology.
new orders were established in everything from mathematics to physics and sociology. Rarely, however, has so senior a scholar, with such a stel- lar record of accomplishments, so wholeheartedly and publicly rejected so much of a productive ca- reer (sce Martin 1971). relationship between the Hopi, Zuni, and prehis- toric (Mogollon) peoples in the region, and estab- lish a “stratigraphy” of traits for the area, The 1962 grant application has a more modern aspect, stressing cultural ecology and the processes of culture change. It includes sophisticated sampling techniques, statistical methods, and analytical computing technology.
a record of contributions to southwestern archae ological knowledge, method, and theory that nc other scholar can match. He helped define th: Mogollon culture. He facilitated the developmen of the New Archaeology. He excavated one of the largest known Chacoan outliers. He excavatec one of the most remarkably preserved sites it North America. He trained more than 100 stu dents, nearly 50 of whom went on to become pro fessional archaeologists. He recorded more thar 5,000 years of southwestern prehistory in three states. He pushed culture historical research int new arenas, including studies of prehistoric socia organization, religion, settlement patterns, anc subsistence practices. He helped bring science t archaeology by welcoming botanists, ecologists geologists, geomorphologists, palynologists, pe trographers, and other specialists to his archaeo logical projects. With the significant help of Rin aldo, Martin published more than 40 site report: in 20 monographs, usually within two years of the cessation of fieldwork, all of which were reviewec favorably by his peers. He published nearly 20( popular contributions. In an astonishing testamen served as more than just the titular head of ex- cavations at a host of important sites after Rinal- do’s departure, including Broken K Pueblo (Mar- tin et al. 1967; Hill 1970), the Vernon Site, the Hay Hollow Site, the Joint Site, and others. In one of the few blemishes on Martin’s career, only one (the Joint Site) of the last 10 sites at which Martin directed excavations has been adequately pub- lished (Martin et al. 1975), and it was published posthumously for Martin by his students. Con- versely, in an achievement possibly matched only by colleagues Emil Haury at the University of Ar- izona or Joe Ben Wheat at Colorado, Martin trained a large number of professional archaeol- ogists, thereby helping to set the agenda and chart the future of southwestern, and indeed North American, archaeological method and theory for decades to come. largest known Chacoan outliers. He excavated
a record of contributions to southwestern archae ological knowledge, method, and theory that nc other scholar can match. He helped define th: Mogollon culture. He facilitated the developmen of the New Archaeology. He excavated one of the largest known Chacoan outliers. He excavatec one of the most remarkably preserved sites it North America. He trained more than 100 stu dents, nearly 50 of whom went on to become pro fessional archaeologists. He recorded more thar 5,000 years of southwestern prehistory in three states. He pushed culture historical research int new arenas, including studies of prehistoric socia organization, religion, settlement patterns, anc subsistence practices. He helped bring science t archaeology by welcoming botanists, ecologists geologists, geomorphologists, palynologists, pe trographers, and other specialists to his archaeo logical projects. With the significant help of Rin aldo, Martin published more than 40 site report: in 20 monographs, usually within two years of the cessation of fieldwork, all of which were reviewec favorably by his peers. He published nearly 20( popular contributions. In an astonishing testamen served as more than just the titular head of ex- cavations at a host of important sites after Rinal- do’s departure, including Broken K Pueblo (Mar- tin et al. 1967; Hill 1970), the Vernon Site, the Hay Hollow Site, the Joint Site, and others. In one of the few blemishes on Martin’s career, only one (the Joint Site) of the last 10 sites at which Martin directed excavations has been adequately pub- lished (Martin et al. 1975), and it was published posthumously for Martin by his students. Con- versely, in an achievement possibly matched only by colleagues Emil Haury at the University of Ar- izona or Joe Ben Wheat at Colorado, Martin trained a large number of professional archaeol- ogists, thereby helping to set the agenda and chart the future of southwestern, and indeed North American, archaeological method and theory for decades to come. largest known Chacoan outliers. He excavated
Fic. 14.1. Elaine Bluhm surveying with alidade and plane table at the Huber site outside Chicago, 1956.
Fic. 14.1. Elaine Bluhm surveying with alidade and plane table at the Huber site outside Chicago, 1956.
Fic. 14.2. Lee Rowell working on diorama components in 1956.
Fic. 14.2. Lee Rowell working on diorama components in 1956.
Fic. 14.3. Martha Perry of Chicago, camp cook, 1959. As they planned to spend several seasons in the area, Paul had a permanent camp built on the mesa alongside an arroyo in the Pine Lawn Val- ley. Camp included a comfortable frame main building that included the kitchen, Paul’s bedroom and office, a bunk room for the men, and a large living/dining room with a stone fireplace at one end. There was also a cabin for camp cook Mrs. Perry (Fig. 14.3), a laboratory, and two privies. There was a porch on the front of the building overlooking the arroyo. Pine Lawn is situated at an elevation of about 5,500 feet. Days were warm and pleasant, but evenings and early mornings were cool, sometimes cool enough to freeze water in the washbasins. The fireplace was most wel- come in early morning and evening.
Fic. 14.3. Martha Perry of Chicago, camp cook, 1959. As they planned to spend several seasons in the area, Paul had a permanent camp built on the mesa alongside an arroyo in the Pine Lawn Val- ley. Camp included a comfortable frame main building that included the kitchen, Paul’s bedroom and office, a bunk room for the men, and a large living/dining room with a stone fireplace at one end. There was also a cabin for camp cook Mrs. Perry (Fig. 14.3), a laboratory, and two privies. There was a porch on the front of the building overlooking the arroyo. Pine Lawn is situated at an elevation of about 5,500 feet. Days were warm and pleasant, but evenings and early mornings were cool, sometimes cool enough to freeze water in the washbasins. The fireplace was most wel- come in early morning and evening.
Fic. 14.4. Margaret Adler and Mark Winter classifying pottery and stone and bone tools, 1959.
Fic. 14.4. Margaret Adler and Mark Winter classifying pottery and stone and bone tools, 1959.
Fic. 14.5. Smoke from a forest fire on Escudilla Mountain, New Mexico, as seen from the Chicago Nature History Museum Archaeological Expedition Camp in Pine Lawn Valley.
Fic. 14.5. Smoke from a forest fire on Escudilla Mountain, New Mexico, as seen from the Chicago Nature History Museum Archaeological Expedition Camp in Pine Lawn Valley.
Fic. 14.6. Looking out through a lateral entry, Tod Egan surveying Higgins Flat Pueblo, New Mexico.
Fic. 14.6. Looking out through a lateral entry, Tod Egan surveying Higgins Flat Pueblo, New Mexico.
create the three-dimensional perspective (Collier 1959c; Rowell 1959). Collier did much behind- the-scenes research for this remarkable work. In addition to Spanish eyewitness accounts drawn from the {519 report of the conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, all of the costumes and com- modities presented in the Tlatelolco diorama were based on Aztec codices and the Museum’s out- standing collection of Aztec artifacts. Collier also worked out an exchange of collections with the Museum Antropolégico in Mexico City in the 1950s through his association with the famed Mexican artist and art historian Miguel Covarru- bias. Some of these objects were renowned the world over and greatly enhanced the already for- midable Mesoamerican collection in the Museum. Ce ce OO ED ee cw ie | OK etc ee x FE Modern Art in New York and the Art Institute of Chicago. (Collier’s personal reflections on his as- sociation with Brenner can be read in the next chapter.) The exhibit involved Ficld Museum specimens as well as others borrowed from four other major museums. Collier’s family contacts in the Eastern art establishment played a large role in bringing this exhibit together. He published a 64-page, color-illustrated catalogue (Collier 1959a) for the traveling version of the exhibition, which was later shown at three other institutions (Collier 1990b).
create the three-dimensional perspective (Collier 1959c; Rowell 1959). Collier did much behind- the-scenes research for this remarkable work. In addition to Spanish eyewitness accounts drawn from the {519 report of the conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, all of the costumes and com- modities presented in the Tlatelolco diorama were based on Aztec codices and the Museum’s out- standing collection of Aztec artifacts. Collier also worked out an exchange of collections with the Museum Antropolégico in Mexico City in the 1950s through his association with the famed Mexican artist and art historian Miguel Covarru- bias. Some of these objects were renowned the world over and greatly enhanced the already for- midable Mesoamerican collection in the Museum. Ce ce OO ED ee cw ie | OK etc ee x FE Modern Art in New York and the Art Institute of Chicago. (Collier’s personal reflections on his as- sociation with Brenner can be read in the next chapter.) The exhibit involved Ficld Museum specimens as well as others borrowed from four other major museums. Collier’s family contacts in the Eastern art establishment played a large role in bringing this exhibit together. He published a 64-page, color-illustrated catalogue (Collier 1959a) for the traveling version of the exhibition, which was later shown at three other institutions (Collier 1990b).
Fic. 15.3. Diorama of Mesoamerican ballgame.
Fic. 15.3. Diorama of Mesoamerican ballgame.
Fic. 15.4. Diorama of Aztec market at Tlatelolco, Mexico, A.D. 1515, by Alfred Lee Rowell.
Fic. 15.4. Diorama of Aztec market at Tlatelolco, Mexico, A.D. 1515, by Alfred Lee Rowell.
Fic. 15.5. Catalogue cover for Ancient Ecuador exhibit.
Fic. 15.5. Catalogue cover for Ancient Ecuador exhibit.
Fic. 16.1. Field Columbian Museum exhibits in Jackson Park being moved to the new Field Museum buildin: n Grant Park.
Fic. 16.1. Field Columbian Museum exhibits in Jackson Park being moved to the new Field Museum buildin: n Grant Park.
Fic. 16.2. Field Columbian Museum exhibits in Jackson Park being moved to the new Field Museum buildin; in Grant Park. Note the buckets over skeletons’ skulls for protection.
Fic. 16.2. Field Columbian Museum exhibits in Jackson Park being moved to the new Field Museum buildin; in Grant Park. Note the buckets over skeletons’ skulls for protection.
Fic. 16.3. Alfred Lee Rowell with a diorama of the cliff dwelling at Mummy Cave, Canyon del Muerto. Arizona.
Fic. 16.3. Alfred Lee Rowell with a diorama of the cliff dwelling at Mummy Cave, Canyon del Muerto. Arizona.
Fic. 16.5. Rudolfo Martinez demonstrating how to hand-loom serapes in the Mexican Marketplace section of the 1969 temporary exhibit, Fiesta Mexicana.
Fic. 16.5. Rudolfo Martinez demonstrating how to hand-loom serapes in the Mexican Marketplace section of the 1969 temporary exhibit, Fiesta Mexicana.
Fic. 16.6. Balet Folklorico de Frederico Z. Rodriguez performing at Fiesta Mexicana, 1969.
Fic. 16.6. Balet Folklorico de Frederico Z. Rodriguez performing at Fiesta Mexicana, 1969.
Fic. 17.1. James W. VanStone at a trapper’s camp near Snowdrift, Northwest Ter- ritories, winter 1961.
Fic. 17.1. James W. VanStone at a trapper’s camp near Snowdrift, Northwest Ter- ritories, winter 1961.
Fic. 17.2. The Spiritual World section of the Maritime Peoples of the Arctic and Northwest Coast exhibit, showin <wakiutl clothing.
Fic. 17.2. The Spiritual World section of the Maritime Peoples of the Arctic and Northwest Coast exhibit, showin <wakiutl clothing.
Fic. 17.3. Village and Society section, Kwakiut! House, Everyday Life diorama.
Fic. 17.3. Village and Society section, Kwakiut! House, Everyday Life diorama.
Fic. 17.5. Interior, Pawnee Earth Lodge replica.
Fic. 17.5. Interior, Pawnee Earth Lodge replica.
TABLE 19.1. The Field Museum's digital information stralegy.
TABLE 19.1. The Field Museum's digital information stralegy.
Bracketed entries for Fay-Cooper Cole and John Rinaldo refer to years in which they were em- ployed by the Museum as curatorial assistants and made significant contributions but did not hold the title of curator in a strict sense. Boas was never technically a curator for the Chicago Columbian Muscum because it did not formally exist during his tenure. Given his impact on the fledgling insti- tution, it is appropriate to list him here. he information in this appendix was compiled by Bennett Bronson, Sarah Coleman, Chap Kusimba, Stephen E. Nash, and Ed Yastrow, using annual reports and employee cards. This list con- tains assistant curators, associate curators, and cu- rators only. The precise dates of when the curators started and left the Museum are difficult to deter- mine exactly because from 1894 to 1901 and again from 1968 to 1988, the annual reports are biannual.
Bracketed entries for Fay-Cooper Cole and John Rinaldo refer to years in which they were em- ployed by the Museum as curatorial assistants and made significant contributions but did not hold the title of curator in a strict sense. Boas was never technically a curator for the Chicago Columbian Muscum because it did not formally exist during his tenure. Given his impact on the fledgling insti- tution, it is appropriate to list him here. he information in this appendix was compiled by Bennett Bronson, Sarah Coleman, Chap Kusimba, Stephen E. Nash, and Ed Yastrow, using annual reports and employee cards. This list con- tains assistant curators, associate curators, and cu- rators only. The precise dates of when the curators started and left the Museum are difficult to deter- mine exactly because from 1894 to 1901 and again from 1968 to 1988, the annual reports are biannual.
he information in this appendix was compiled by Sara Coleman.
he information in this appendix was compiled by Sara Coleman.
Ethnic Groups, Events, Exhibits, and Expeditions
Ethnic Groups, Events, Exhibits, and Expeditions
Ethnic Groups, Events, Exhibits, and Expeditions
Ethnic Groups, Events, Exhibits, and Expeditions
he photographs found in these albums include Scenes, Daily Life pecimens, Photos of X-rays, Archaeological Excavations, anc hysical Types.
he photographs found in these albums include Scenes, Daily Life pecimens, Photos of X-rays, Archaeological Excavations, anc hysical Types.
Field Museum Exhibit Photos
Field Museum Exhibit Photos
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