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Figure 4. Grand average ERPs in each condition (N = 24). A: Explicit discrimination task. B: Oddball detection task. C: ERPs from participants presente with constrained random patterns. D: ERPs from participants presented with unconstrained random patterns. N1 and SPN windows are highlighted in purple Insets show SPN amplitude for each regular pattern. Bars show the difference between the random wave and each regular wave from 300-1,000 m poststimulus onset. Asterisks highlight significant differences, so that asterisks under the bars denote that the amplitude was less than random, while other show differences between regularities. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. (See online version for color figure.)

Figure 4 Grand average ERPs in each condition (N = 24). A: Explicit discrimination task. B: Oddball detection task. C: ERPs from participants presente with constrained random patterns. D: ERPs from participants presented with unconstrained random patterns. N1 and SPN windows are highlighted in purple Insets show SPN amplitude for each regular pattern. Bars show the difference between the random wave and each regular wave from 300-1,000 m poststimulus onset. Asterisks highlight significant differences, so that asterisks under the bars denote that the amplitude was less than random, while other show differences between regularities. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. (See online version for color figure.)

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Figure 1. Stimuli used in this experiment. In the EEG recording, all participants were presented with 60 repeats of each regular pattern and 60 repeats o sither the constrained or unconstrained random patterns. Patterns were visible for 3s before participants entered their judgment. Half the participant >xplicitly discriminated between reflection, rotation, random, and translation patterns. For the other participants, the task was to judge whether it was ; 10rmal trial (all dots) or an oddball trial (two squares among the dots).
Figure 1. Stimuli used in this experiment. In the EEG recording, all participants were presented with 60 repeats of each regular pattern and 60 repeats o sither the constrained or unconstrained random patterns. Patterns were visible for 3s before participants entered their judgment. Half the participant >xplicitly discriminated between reflection, rotation, random, and translation patterns. For the other participants, the task was to judge whether it was ; 10rmal trial (all dots) or an oddball trial (two squares among the dots).
Figure 2. Behavioral results. A: Results of the manipulation check experiment. Mean response time is shown for each stimulus type. Separate bars show data for the groups of participants presented with constrained or unconstrained random patterns. B: Explicit discrimination performance as a function of regularity and random constraints. C: Sensitivity in the oddball detection task for each participant. Greater d’ values reflect better performance. D: Response bias in the oddball detection task. Greater C values reflect bias towards reporting “no oddball.” Error bars =+ 1 S.E.M.
Figure 2. Behavioral results. A: Results of the manipulation check experiment. Mean response time is shown for each stimulus type. Separate bars show data for the groups of participants presented with constrained or unconstrained random patterns. B: Explicit discrimination performance as a function of regularity and random constraints. C: Sensitivity in the oddball detection task for each participant. Greater d’ values reflect better performance. D: Response bias in the oddball detection task. Greater C values reflect bias towards reporting “no oddball.” Error bars =+ 1 S.E.M.
Figure 3. Grand average ERP waveforms (N = 48). A: Grand average ERPs from the PO7/PO8 electrodes in the four regularity conditions. N1 and SPN are highlighted in purple. B: Topographic plots of the difference between the average of the regular patterns and the random patterns at N1 and SPN latencies The SPN is shown in two plots, demonstrating that it remains similar throughout. Here, red means higher amplitude in the regular patterns, blue means highet amplitude for the random patterns. C: Grand average ERP from the P1, PZ, and P2 electrodes. All ERPs were smoothed with a 10-point moving average filter in addition to data preprocessing procedures described above (the same applies to other figures). D: Difference plot showing the parietal P300 component Arrows on the topographic maps show the electrodes plotted in the corresponding ERP plots.
Figure 3. Grand average ERP waveforms (N = 48). A: Grand average ERPs from the PO7/PO8 electrodes in the four regularity conditions. N1 and SPN are highlighted in purple. B: Topographic plots of the difference between the average of the regular patterns and the random patterns at N1 and SPN latencies The SPN is shown in two plots, demonstrating that it remains similar throughout. Here, red means higher amplitude in the regular patterns, blue means highet amplitude for the random patterns. C: Grand average ERP from the P1, PZ, and P2 electrodes. All ERPs were smoothed with a 10-point moving average filter in addition to data preprocessing procedures described above (the same applies to other figures). D: Difference plot showing the parietal P300 component Arrows on the topographic maps show the electrodes plotted in the corresponding ERP plots.
Figure 5. Grand average ERPs in each subcondition (N = 12). A: Explicit discrimination task with constrained random patterns. B: Explicit discrimination task with unconstrained random patterns. C: Oddball detection task with constrained random patterns. D: Oddball detection task with unconstrained random patterns. Insets are based on the same conventions as Figure 4. (See online version for color figure.)
Figure 5. Grand average ERPs in each subcondition (N = 12). A: Explicit discrimination task with constrained random patterns. B: Explicit discrimination task with unconstrained random patterns. C: Oddball detection task with constrained random patterns. D: Oddball detection task with unconstrained random patterns. Insets are based on the same conventions as Figure 4. (See online version for color figure.)
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