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Mean yield parameters for fruit and oil per unit area on a dry matter basis, and number of fruits per tree, corresponding to irrigation treatments for Frantoio and Leccino, in 2003 and 2004 Data are means of four replicate plots; standard error is not presented for the sake of clarity. Results of statistical analysis are also reported: LSD (P =0.05) for each period and cv.; ns, not significant.

Table 2 Mean yield parameters for fruit and oil per unit area on a dry matter basis, and number of fruits per tree, corresponding to irrigation treatments for Frantoio and Leccino, in 2003 and 2004 Data are means of four replicate plots; standard error is not presented for the sake of clarity. Results of statistical analysis are also reported: LSD (P =0.05) for each period and cv.; ns, not significant.

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Fig. 1. Layout of the experimental plantation (about 2 ha). Each elementary plot consists of five plants. Symbols are: L=cv. Leccino, F=cv. Frantoio; Pt = border plants. TO, T33, T66, T100 refer to treatments; R1, R2, R3, R4 denote replications. In both years, five trees for each replicate plot per cv. were selected and fruits were harvested manually to guarantee for with a transient porometer (AP4, Delta-T Devices Ltd., Cam- bridge, UK) on two leaves per tree from the same plants sam- pled for Y, in mid morning. Volumetric soil water content (6, m? m7) was determined by means of time domain reflectome- ter (TDR, 1502B, Tektronix, USA). A total of 21 wave-guides were installed vertically into the soil around three trees for each treatment-cv. combination to record changes within 0-140 cm depth interval (with 20 cm increments), at 75 and 125 cm from the trunk within, and at 150 cm between rows. Each TDR wave- guide comprised three parallel self-constructed probes of the balanced type (Clothier and Green, 1994), 5mm in diameter stainless steel rods, which were manually connected in sequence to the TDR via a coaxial cable. Measurements of soil moisture were done periodically from May to October. Soil moisture pro- files were used to estimate a depth equivalent of water, expressed
Fig. 1. Layout of the experimental plantation (about 2 ha). Each elementary plot consists of five plants. Symbols are: L=cv. Leccino, F=cv. Frantoio; Pt = border plants. TO, T33, T66, T100 refer to treatments; R1, R2, R3, R4 denote replications. In both years, five trees for each replicate plot per cv. were selected and fruits were harvested manually to guarantee for with a transient porometer (AP4, Delta-T Devices Ltd., Cam- bridge, UK) on two leaves per tree from the same plants sam- pled for Y, in mid morning. Volumetric soil water content (6, m? m7) was determined by means of time domain reflectome- ter (TDR, 1502B, Tektronix, USA). A total of 21 wave-guides were installed vertically into the soil around three trees for each treatment-cv. combination to record changes within 0-140 cm depth interval (with 20 cm increments), at 75 and 125 cm from the trunk within, and at 150 cm between rows. Each TDR wave- guide comprised three parallel self-constructed probes of the balanced type (Clothier and Green, 1994), 5mm in diameter stainless steel rods, which were manually connected in sequence to the TDR via a coaxial cable. Measurements of soil moisture were done periodically from May to October. Soil moisture pro- files were used to estimate a depth equivalent of water, expressed
Yearly averaged climatic aridity index of 0.68 (calculated as annual precipitation/ETo following Hargreaves-Samani) comprised the study site within the sub-humid zone (Stewart and Robinson, 1997). See text for details. Amount of water applied and irrigation scheduling in irrigated (33, 66 and 100% of ETc, from the beginning of pit hardening) and non-irrigated (0% of ETc) olive trees
Yearly averaged climatic aridity index of 0.68 (calculated as annual precipitation/ETo following Hargreaves-Samani) comprised the study site within the sub-humid zone (Stewart and Robinson, 1997). See text for details. Amount of water applied and irrigation scheduling in irrigated (33, 66 and 100% of ETc, from the beginning of pit hardening) and non-irrigated (0% of ETc) olive trees
Fig. 2. Evolution of potential evapotranspiration calculated following Penman- Monteith (ET) P-M) equation throughout 2003 and 2004 at the study site (A). A strong correlation (P< 0.0001, R* 0.92) was observed between ETy computed according to Penman-Monteith and values derived by Class A pan evaporation with a ratio between the two of about 0.75 during 2003 and 2004. Cumulative water balance; precipitation, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and soil moisture deficit (SMD) throughout 2003 (B) and 2004 (C) at the study site (see text for details).
Fig. 2. Evolution of potential evapotranspiration calculated following Penman- Monteith (ET) P-M) equation throughout 2003 and 2004 at the study site (A). A strong correlation (P< 0.0001, R* 0.92) was observed between ETy computed according to Penman-Monteith and values derived by Class A pan evaporation with a ratio between the two of about 0.75 during 2003 and 2004. Cumulative water balance; precipitation, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and soil moisture deficit (SMD) throughout 2003 (B) and 2004 (C) at the study site (see text for details).
Yield parameters, averaged values for the two seasons, for fruit and oil per unit area on a dry matter basis, and number of fruits per tree, corresponding to irrigation treatments for Frantoio and Leccino Data are means of four replicate plots; standard error is not presented for the sake of clarity. Results of statistical analysis are also reported: LSD (P = 0.05) for eac period and cv.; ns, not significant.
Yield parameters, averaged values for the two seasons, for fruit and oil per unit area on a dry matter basis, and number of fruits per tree, corresponding to irrigation treatments for Frantoio and Leccino Data are means of four replicate plots; standard error is not presented for the sake of clarity. Results of statistical analysis are also reported: LSD (P = 0.05) for eac period and cv.; ns, not significant.
Data are means of four replicate plots; standard error is not presented for the sake of clarity. Results of statistical analysis are also reported: LSD (P = 0.05) for eack period and cv.; ns, not significant. ink cross-sectional area and canopy volume for Frantoio and Leccino, measured at different dates (March after pruning; December before pruning
Data are means of four replicate plots; standard error is not presented for the sake of clarity. Results of statistical analysis are also reported: LSD (P = 0.05) for eack period and cv.; ns, not significant. ink cross-sectional area and canopy volume for Frantoio and Leccino, measured at different dates (March after pruning; December before pruning
Data are means of four replicate plots; standard error is not presented for the sake of clarity. Results of statistical analysis are also reported: LSD (P=0.05) for each period and cv.; ns, not significant. Pruned dry mass for Frantoio and Leccino, measured at different dates
Data are means of four replicate plots; standard error is not presented for the sake of clarity. Results of statistical analysis are also reported: LSD (P=0.05) for each period and cv.; ns, not significant. Pruned dry mass for Frantoio and Leccino, measured at different dates
Related topics:
Irrigation SchedulingDeficit IrrigationFruit ProductionOlive TreePlant Water RelationsSeasonal Dynamics
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