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Effects of different sources of sulphur in Pulses Sulphur is made available to the crop, through various sources such as gypsum, pyrite, elemental sulphur, single super phosphate, ammonium sulphate and, potassium sulphate. As the plants take sulphur in sulphate form, only the sulphate- S containing materials are said to be suitable for neutral to slightly alkaline soils. In coarse textured soils, the deficiency of sulphur occurs more often (Aulakh, 2003). Hence the sulphate -S becomes more susceptible to leaching losses in such soils. Under such conditions, the response of gypsum is higher compared to any other source. Gypsum, being sparingly soluble, it can supply sulphur to the crops for longer duration. It has been reported that

Table 2 Effects of different sources of sulphur in Pulses Sulphur is made available to the crop, through various sources such as gypsum, pyrite, elemental sulphur, single super phosphate, ammonium sulphate and, potassium sulphate. As the plants take sulphur in sulphate form, only the sulphate- S containing materials are said to be suitable for neutral to slightly alkaline soils. In coarse textured soils, the deficiency of sulphur occurs more often (Aulakh, 2003). Hence the sulphate -S becomes more susceptible to leaching losses in such soils. Under such conditions, the response of gypsum is higher compared to any other source. Gypsum, being sparingly soluble, it can supply sulphur to the crops for longer duration. It has been reported that

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Department of soil science and agriculture chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. Introduction more area under pulse production and augment the production. India is in foremost position is chickpea (Cicer arietinum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), urd bean (Vigna mungo) and green gram (Vigna radiata) production. In our country, gram is the most prevalent pulse crop, which is contributing around 40% of its total production followed by pigeon pea and urdbean. The top most pulse growing states includes Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka (Mohanty and Satyasai, 2015). Pulses can be grown either as a kharif or rabi crop and can act both as a fodder for livestock and green manure for the next crop in sequence by enriching the soil. Factors responsible for sulphur deficiency include excess use of high analysis fertilizers that are free from sulphur, multiple and intensive cropping systems, reducing use of the organic manures (Khurana et al. 2003, Shivay et al. 2014) leaching Pulses are the leguminous crops, which are harvested mainly for dry seed purpose. The most commonly consumed pulses are green gram, chick pea, lentil, dried beans, peas and grams etc. These are the distinguished plants having high protein contents with the excellent dietary fiber content and other complex carbohydrates. Pulses are regarded as a curator in maintaining soil fertility, by virtue of which it fixes the atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules in soils. Although, India is the largest producer (25%) as well consumer (27%) of pulses yet it has to import 14% of pulses from abroad for sustenance of her burgeoning population. Pulses accounts for about 20% area under food grain (Mohanty, S and Satyasai, 2015). It is worth noting that the production of pulses per area is not satisfactory. The current demand for pulses is about 20 to 25 million tons and will be rising eventually in further upcoming days. There is need to bring
Department of soil science and agriculture chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. Introduction more area under pulse production and augment the production. India is in foremost position is chickpea (Cicer arietinum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), urd bean (Vigna mungo) and green gram (Vigna radiata) production. In our country, gram is the most prevalent pulse crop, which is contributing around 40% of its total production followed by pigeon pea and urdbean. The top most pulse growing states includes Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka (Mohanty and Satyasai, 2015). Pulses can be grown either as a kharif or rabi crop and can act both as a fodder for livestock and green manure for the next crop in sequence by enriching the soil. Factors responsible for sulphur deficiency include excess use of high analysis fertilizers that are free from sulphur, multiple and intensive cropping systems, reducing use of the organic manures (Khurana et al. 2003, Shivay et al. 2014) leaching Pulses are the leguminous crops, which are harvested mainly for dry seed purpose. The most commonly consumed pulses are green gram, chick pea, lentil, dried beans, peas and grams etc. These are the distinguished plants having high protein contents with the excellent dietary fiber content and other complex carbohydrates. Pulses are regarded as a curator in maintaining soil fertility, by virtue of which it fixes the atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules in soils. Although, India is the largest producer (25%) as well consumer (27%) of pulses yet it has to import 14% of pulses from abroad for sustenance of her burgeoning population. Pulses accounts for about 20% area under food grain (Mohanty, S and Satyasai, 2015). It is worth noting that the production of pulses per area is not satisfactory. The current demand for pulses is about 20 to 25 million tons and will be rising eventually in further upcoming days. There is need to bring
Although the sulphur uptake ranges from 5 to 30%, but in general it varies from 9 to 15% as that of nitrogen. In crops like mustard, the uptake of sulphur is very high and almost equal to one third of nitrogen. More often it is seen that crop absorbs sulphur similar to that of phosphate. To produce 1 kg of grain, the uptake of sulphur for pulses is 8 kgs (range 5-13), is 12 kgs(range 5-20) and for cereals it is 3 to 4 kgs(range 1-6) (Tandon and Messick, 2002). Higher the requirement of sulphur, higher will be the crop yield. Results of several experiments pertaining to S uptake of pulse crops summarized by Tandon and Messick (2007) under field condition is given in table 2. Among the ditrerent sources of sulphur, the uptake of sulphur was found to be high where gypsum was used followed by super phosphate, pyrites and press mud. Ram and Dwivedi (1992) recorded that, by applying sulphur to chickpea, the uptake of N,P,K and S was higher than the control In black gram and lentil crop, the S content and uptake increases with the increase in the pyrite levels as reported by Singh et al. (1992).
Although the sulphur uptake ranges from 5 to 30%, but in general it varies from 9 to 15% as that of nitrogen. In crops like mustard, the uptake of sulphur is very high and almost equal to one third of nitrogen. More often it is seen that crop absorbs sulphur similar to that of phosphate. To produce 1 kg of grain, the uptake of sulphur for pulses is 8 kgs (range 5-13), is 12 kgs(range 5-20) and for cereals it is 3 to 4 kgs(range 1-6) (Tandon and Messick, 2002). Higher the requirement of sulphur, higher will be the crop yield. Results of several experiments pertaining to S uptake of pulse crops summarized by Tandon and Messick (2007) under field condition is given in table 2. Among the ditrerent sources of sulphur, the uptake of sulphur was found to be high where gypsum was used followed by super phosphate, pyrites and press mud. Ram and Dwivedi (1992) recorded that, by applying sulphur to chickpea, the uptake of N,P,K and S was higher than the control In black gram and lentil crop, the S content and uptake increases with the increase in the pyrite levels as reported by Singh et al. (1992).
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Pulse Cropsulphur nutrition
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