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Table 2. Morphometric characters and meristics of Hypselobarbus thomassi collected from three river systems of Kerale aspects. Nares placed very close to the antero-superior rim of the orbit. An elevated flap is present at the middle of the nares. Mouth sub-terminal, reaching to vertical at middle of nostrils, U shaped in ventral aspect with interrupted labial fold. Two pairs of thin barbels; the rostral pair shorter than the maxillary one. Rostral barbels, when adpressed reach the base of maxillary barbels and a point in vertical from the posterior extremity of the nostrils.

Table 2 Morphometric characters and meristics of Hypselobarbus thomassi collected from three river systems of Kerale aspects. Nares placed very close to the antero-superior rim of the orbit. An elevated flap is present at the middle of the nares. Mouth sub-terminal, reaching to vertical at middle of nostrils, U shaped in ventral aspect with interrupted labial fold. Two pairs of thin barbels; the rostral pair shorter than the maxillary one. Rostral barbels, when adpressed reach the base of maxillary barbels and a point in vertical from the posterior extremity of the nostrils.

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Image 1. Live specimens of Hypselobarbus thomassi from two sites in the Kerala region of Western Ghats. Recently, Knight et al. (2013a) cleared the taxonomic Like many other species within this genus, H. thomassi has also been poorly represented in collections, and not many records are available in the primary literature. The first record of H. thomassi outside its type locality was most likely made by Jayaram et al. (1976) from the rivers of the Cardamom Hills, as previous ichthyological surveys in Travancore (e.g., Pillai 1929; John 1936) and the Anamalai Hills (Silas 1951) had not mentioned this species. Subsequent compilations and checklists (for In the absence of recent records and contradictory claims made by researchers, the exact distribution range of H. thomassi remained uncertain. Abraham etal. (2011) indicated that only three species of Hypselobarbus, viz., H. curmuca, H. kolus and H. kurali are present in river Kallada, and suggested that the reports of H. thomassi from this river are not correct and is a case of misidentification (R. Abraham pers. comm. cited in Devi & Ali 2011). Hence, based on the assumption that H. thomassi, is restricted to an area of <10km? as two fragmented locations in the Nethravati and Kabini rivers, this species was listed as ‘Critically Endangered/ CR’ in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (see Devi & Ali 2011). A recommendation for carrying out urgent surveys in the known areas of occurrence as well as validation of the identity of the southern Kerala populations was also made (Devi & Ali 2011).
Image 1. Live specimens of Hypselobarbus thomassi from two sites in the Kerala region of Western Ghats. Recently, Knight et al. (2013a) cleared the taxonomic Like many other species within this genus, H. thomassi has also been poorly represented in collections, and not many records are available in the primary literature. The first record of H. thomassi outside its type locality was most likely made by Jayaram et al. (1976) from the rivers of the Cardamom Hills, as previous ichthyological surveys in Travancore (e.g., Pillai 1929; John 1936) and the Anamalai Hills (Silas 1951) had not mentioned this species. Subsequent compilations and checklists (for In the absence of recent records and contradictory claims made by researchers, the exact distribution range of H. thomassi remained uncertain. Abraham etal. (2011) indicated that only three species of Hypselobarbus, viz., H. curmuca, H. kolus and H. kurali are present in river Kallada, and suggested that the reports of H. thomassi from this river are not correct and is a case of misidentification (R. Abraham pers. comm. cited in Devi & Ali 2011). Hence, based on the assumption that H. thomassi, is restricted to an area of <10km? as two fragmented locations in the Nethravati and Kabini rivers, this species was listed as ‘Critically Endangered/ CR’ in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (see Devi & Ali 2011). A recommendation for carrying out urgent surveys in the known areas of occurrence as well as validation of the identity of the southern Kerala populations was also made (Devi & Ali 2011).
4Currently Dakshin Kannada and Udupi District of Karnataka and Kasargod District of Kerala ambiguity surrounding the identity of H. thomassi after making fresh collections from its type locality. They also examined a single specimen of the species from the Athirapilly waterfalls in Chalakudy River, Kerala, and suggested that they are conspecific with the populations found in South Canara, its type locality; and that the claims made by Devi & Ali (2011) on the taxonomic distinctiveness of the Kerala population needs to be substantiated.
4Currently Dakshin Kannada and Udupi District of Karnataka and Kasargod District of Kerala ambiguity surrounding the identity of H. thomassi after making fresh collections from its type locality. They also examined a single specimen of the species from the Athirapilly waterfalls in Chalakudy River, Kerala, and suggested that they are conspecific with the populations found in South Canara, its type locality; and that the claims made by Devi & Ali (2011) on the taxonomic distinctiveness of the Kerala population needs to be substantiated.
Image 2. Syntypes and/or Day’s specimens of Hypselobarbus thomassi Table 1. Previous records of Hypselobarbus thomassi from the Western Ghats Western Ghats freshwater ecoregion. Based on the updated information on distribution and threats, we then propose an updated Red List assessment for this endemic species.
Image 2. Syntypes and/or Day’s specimens of Hypselobarbus thomassi Table 1. Previous records of Hypselobarbus thomassi from the Western Ghats Western Ghats freshwater ecoregion. Based on the updated information on distribution and threats, we then propose an updated Red List assessment for this endemic species.
Image 3. Radiograph of a syntype of Hypselobarbus thomassi [Courtesy: Alexander Naseka]
Image 3. Radiograph of a syntype of Hypselobarbus thomassi [Courtesy: Alexander Naseka]
Table 3. Details of cox1 sequences of Hypselobarbus species used for the phylogenetic analyses presented in Fig 1.
Table 3. Details of cox1 sequences of Hypselobarbus species used for the phylogenetic analyses presented in Fig 1.
Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood tree using cox1 gene showing the phylogenetic position of Hypselobarbus thomassi in relation to its congeners. @#* Sequenced for the present study, * Chalakkudy River, * Kallada River; the sequences within inverted commas (‘ ‘) are misidentifications in Arunchalam et al. (2012). 1as Puntius jerdoni in Genbank; * Please see discussion in this paper and also Ali et al. (2013) and Knight et al. (2013); ? Knight et al. (2013c) cleared the taxonomic identity and established a neotype for H. curmuca. Since the sequence HM010708 has no information on the location of collection of the specimen, we tentatively treat it as Hypselobarbus cf. curmuca; “Genbank records state that HM010711 represent a sequence for H. kolus. However, Knight et al. (2013c) has considered H. kolus as a synonym of H. curmuca. Therefore we tentatively treat the sequence as belonging to Hypselobarbus cf. curmuca; ° Genbank records state that HM010716 HM010719 and KC445463 represent sequences for H. kurali. However, Knight et al. (2013c) synonymised H. kurali with H. canarensis.
Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood tree using cox1 gene showing the phylogenetic position of Hypselobarbus thomassi in relation to its congeners. @#* Sequenced for the present study, * Chalakkudy River, * Kallada River; the sequences within inverted commas (‘ ‘) are misidentifications in Arunchalam et al. (2012). 1as Puntius jerdoni in Genbank; * Please see discussion in this paper and also Ali et al. (2013) and Knight et al. (2013); ? Knight et al. (2013c) cleared the taxonomic identity and established a neotype for H. curmuca. Since the sequence HM010708 has no information on the location of collection of the specimen, we tentatively treat it as Hypselobarbus cf. curmuca; “Genbank records state that HM010711 represent a sequence for H. kolus. However, Knight et al. (2013c) has considered H. kolus as a synonym of H. curmuca. Therefore we tentatively treat the sequence as belonging to Hypselobarbus cf. curmuca; ° Genbank records state that HM010716 HM010719 and KC445463 represent sequences for H. kurali. However, Knight et al. (2013c) synonymised H. kurali with H. canarensis.
Image. 4. Map showing the distribution range of Hypselobarbus thomassi in the Western Ghats region [the pink shades denote occurrence records of the species where information on the exact location is unavailable]
Image. 4. Map showing the distribution range of Hypselobarbus thomassi in the Western Ghats region [the pink shades denote occurrence records of the species where information on the exact location is unavailable]
Image 7. Habitat of Hypselobarbus thomassi at Thenmala in Kallada River. Image taken on 04 March 2004. Image 5. Habitat of Hypselobarbus thomassi at Vettilapara in Chalakudy River. Image taken on 18 February 2004.
Image 7. Habitat of Hypselobarbus thomassi at Thenmala in Kallada River. Image taken on 04 March 2004. Image 5. Habitat of Hypselobarbus thomassi at Vettilapara in Chalakudy River. Image taken on 18 February 2004.
Image 6. Habitat of Hypselobarbus thomassi at Pooyamkutty in Periyar River. Image taken on 09 January 2008.
Image 6. Habitat of Hypselobarbus thomassi at Pooyamkutty in Periyar River. Image taken on 09 January 2008.
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Freshwater fish taxonomy
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