Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Figure 23 – uploaded by Tarmo Raadik

See full PDFdownloadDownload figure
FIGURE 23. Examples of colour pattern variation in Galaxias olidus. Clockwise from top left: 11,04 Coopernook Creek, NSW (RK); II,14 Macquarie Rivulet, NSW (TAR); II,23 Bluestone Crk, VIC (NA); 1,24 Wentworth R, VIC (NA); IV,01 Swindlers Crk, VIC (TAR); IV,02 Kiewa R, Bogong, VIC (RK); IV,03 Musk Crk, Whitfield, VIC (NA); IV,05 Steavenson R, VIC (NA); IV,07 Loddon R, VIC (TAR); IV,10 Kangaroo Crk, ACT (NA); IV,19 Peel R, NSW (TAR); IV,21 Grattai Crk, NSW (TAR) (refer to FIGURE 1 for drainage division and river basin locations). (RK—Rudie Kuiter; NA—Neil Armstrong; TAR—Tarmo Raadik).

Figure 23 Examples of colour pattern variation in Galaxias olidus. Clockwise from top left: 11,04 Coopernook Creek, NSW (RK); II,14 Macquarie Rivulet, NSW (TAR); II,23 Bluestone Crk, VIC (NA); 1,24 Wentworth R, VIC (NA); IV,01 Swindlers Crk, VIC (TAR); IV,02 Kiewa R, Bogong, VIC (RK); IV,03 Musk Crk, Whitfield, VIC (NA); IV,05 Steavenson R, VIC (NA); IV,07 Loddon R, VIC (TAR); IV,10 Kangaroo Crk, ACT (NA); IV,19 Peel R, NSW (TAR); IV,21 Grattai Crk, NSW (TAR) (refer to FIGURE 1 for drainage division and river basin locations). (RK—Rudie Kuiter; NA—Neil Armstrong; TAR—Tarmo Raadik).

Related Figures (108)

TABLE 1. Chronological summary of proposed valid species and taxonomic changes in the Galaxias olidus species group. Significant revisions are marked with an asterisk. Junior synonyms are indented below valid species names. McCulloch (1929), in his check-list of Australian fishes, included the newly described Galaxias oconnor. Ogilby, 1912 as a valid species and followed the taxonomic decisions of Regan (1906), apart from re-elevating Galaxias bongbong Macleay, 1881 to full species status. Mack (1936) restricted his attention to galaxiids in the state of Victoria, describing as new Galaxias fuscus but placed G findlayi in a synonymy with G. ornatus (Table 1). Stokell (1947) agreed with Ogilby (1896), though for different reasons, stating that G olidus was not from Australia but possibly from New Zealand; even suggesting it may be an invalid name (Table 1). He based this or *...certain circumstances noted...” during his early work on the New Zealand Galaxiidae, but did not elaborate further (Stokell 1947 p. 671). Stokell only examined an X-ray of the holotype of G olidus, and was confused by second, though headless, specimen found in the same jar as the holotype at the British Museum. To clarify thi: point, the headless specimen, still in the same jar as the holotype along with its detached head, was borrowed anc examined by the current author and found to conform to Galaxias brevipinnis Giinther, 1866. As this additiona specimen is not involved in the description of Galaxias olidus Giinther, 1866, it has no relevance to its taxonomic validity. Stokell (1947) also reversed a taxonomic decision of Regan (1906) by recognising G kayi as a valic species, based on a comparison of three specimens of G kayi (probably not from the type series) and the description and X-ray of G olidus. Whitley (1956b) listed all seven taxa as valid, yet then followed Ogilby (1896) and omitted G olidus from his
TABLE 1. Chronological summary of proposed valid species and taxonomic changes in the Galaxias olidus species group. Significant revisions are marked with an asterisk. Junior synonyms are indented below valid species names. McCulloch (1929), in his check-list of Australian fishes, included the newly described Galaxias oconnor. Ogilby, 1912 as a valid species and followed the taxonomic decisions of Regan (1906), apart from re-elevating Galaxias bongbong Macleay, 1881 to full species status. Mack (1936) restricted his attention to galaxiids in the state of Victoria, describing as new Galaxias fuscus but placed G findlayi in a synonymy with G. ornatus (Table 1). Stokell (1947) agreed with Ogilby (1896), though for different reasons, stating that G olidus was not from Australia but possibly from New Zealand; even suggesting it may be an invalid name (Table 1). He based this or *...certain circumstances noted...” during his early work on the New Zealand Galaxiidae, but did not elaborate further (Stokell 1947 p. 671). Stokell only examined an X-ray of the holotype of G olidus, and was confused by second, though headless, specimen found in the same jar as the holotype at the British Museum. To clarify thi: point, the headless specimen, still in the same jar as the holotype along with its detached head, was borrowed anc examined by the current author and found to conform to Galaxias brevipinnis Giinther, 1866. As this additiona specimen is not involved in the description of Galaxias olidus Giinther, 1866, it has no relevance to its taxonomic validity. Stokell (1947) also reversed a taxonomic decision of Regan (1906) by recognising G kayi as a valic species, based on a comparison of three specimens of G kayi (probably not from the type series) and the description and X-ray of G olidus. Whitley (1956b) listed all seven taxa as valid, yet then followed Ogilby (1896) and omitted G olidus from his
FIGURE 1. Codes and names of Drainage Divisions (bold) and River Basins of interest in the area of this study in southeastern Australia. Drainage Divisions and River Basins as defined by the AWRC (1976). Assessment of existing comparative material. Where possible, the identification of museum specimens was confirmed by direct examination or from high definition images. Previously unidentified Galaxias specimen lots were identified, and specimen lots of other Galaxias species, occupying similar distributions (e.g. Galaxias brevipinnis, Galaxias maculatus, Galaxias rostratus Klunzinger, 1872 and Galaxias truttaceus), were checked for misidentifications (seven lots previously identified as Galaxias olidus s.1. were reassigned to other taxa and eight additional lots were re-determined as G olidus s.1.; Appendix 3).
FIGURE 1. Codes and names of Drainage Divisions (bold) and River Basins of interest in the area of this study in southeastern Australia. Drainage Divisions and River Basins as defined by the AWRC (1976). Assessment of existing comparative material. Where possible, the identification of museum specimens was confirmed by direct examination or from high definition images. Previously unidentified Galaxias specimen lots were identified, and specimen lots of other Galaxias species, occupying similar distributions (e.g. Galaxias brevipinnis, Galaxias maculatus, Galaxias rostratus Klunzinger, 1872 and Galaxias truttaceus), were checked for misidentifications (seven lots previously identified as Galaxias olidus s.1. were reassigned to other taxa and eight additional lots were re-determined as G olidus s.1.; Appendix 3).
FIGURE 2. Galaxias body and fin morphometric measurements. AL—anal fin length; BDPec—body depth at pectoral fin origin; BDV—body depth at vent; CFFL—caudal fin fork length; DCP—caudal peduncle depth; DF—AF—anal fin setback; DL—dorsal fin length; LAB—anal fin base length; LCF—length to caudal fork; LCP—caudal peduncle length; LDB—dorsal fin base length; PecL—pectoral fin length; PelL—pelvic fin length; PelAn—distance between pelvic and anal fin bases; PecPel—distance between pectoral and pelvic fin bases; PreA—pre-anal fin length; PreD—pre-dorsal fin length; PrePel—pre- pelvic fin length; SL—standard length. orbital head length)—distance from posterior end of eye (orbit) to posteriormost extent of fleshy portion of gill cover above pectoral fin base; PreA (pre-anal fin length)—direct distance from tip of snout to anal-fin origin; PreD (pre-dorsal fin length—direct distance from tip of snout to dorsal-fin origin; PrePel (pre-pelvic fin length)—direct distance from tip of snout to origin of pelvic fin; SL (standard length)—horizontal distance from tip of snout to midposterior edge of hypural joint; SnL (snout length)—direct distance from tip of snout to anterior margin of eye; UJL (upper jaw length)—distance from tip of snout to posterior extent of upper jaw.
FIGURE 2. Galaxias body and fin morphometric measurements. AL—anal fin length; BDPec—body depth at pectoral fin origin; BDV—body depth at vent; CFFL—caudal fin fork length; DCP—caudal peduncle depth; DF—AF—anal fin setback; DL—dorsal fin length; LAB—anal fin base length; LCF—length to caudal fork; LCP—caudal peduncle length; LDB—dorsal fin base length; PecL—pectoral fin length; PelL—pelvic fin length; PelAn—distance between pelvic and anal fin bases; PecPel—distance between pectoral and pelvic fin bases; PreA—pre-anal fin length; PreD—pre-dorsal fin length; PrePel—pre- pelvic fin length; SL—standard length. orbital head length)—distance from posterior end of eye (orbit) to posteriormost extent of fleshy portion of gill cover above pectoral fin base; PreA (pre-anal fin length)—direct distance from tip of snout to anal-fin origin; PreD (pre-dorsal fin length—direct distance from tip of snout to dorsal-fin origin; PrePel (pre-pelvic fin length)—direct distance from tip of snout to origin of pelvic fin; SL (standard length)—horizontal distance from tip of snout to midposterior edge of hypural joint; SnL (snout length)—direct distance from tip of snout to anterior margin of eye; UJL (upper jaw length)—distance from tip of snout to posterior extent of upper jaw.
FIGURE 3. Galaxias head morphometric measurements: A) dorsal; B) ventral; C) lateral. ED—eye diameter; GW—gape width; HD—head depth; HL—head length; HW—head width; IOW—inter-orbital width; LJL—lower jaw length; PecL— pectoral fin length; PoHL—post-orbital head length; SnL—snout length; UJL—upper jaw length. between specimens. These length measurements can also be influenced by body distortion, and as the setback of the anal fin from the origin of the dorsal is relatively small (usually < 10mm), a small amount of error in PreD or PreA can significantly influence the above equation, particularly as LDB is also a relatively short measurement. A more precise measurement, defined as DF—AF (Fig. 2), is a direct measure of the horizontal distance between the origin of each fin base. With the specimen on its side and horizontal, the measurement is taken by placing the arms of a set of calipers at a right angle across the trunk of the specimen so that the inside edge of each arm intersects the origin of a fin base (i.e. edge of anterior arm at the dorsal fin origin and posterior arm at anal fin origin). As fin bases can be fleshy, sometimes with procurrent rays and raised fleshy ridges, care must be taken to accurately establish the point of origin of each fin base and to do this consistently between taxa. This is best undertaken under a dissecting microscope. This character was specifically assessed for its degree of discrimination amongst taxa in the Galaxias olidus complex (see Results).
FIGURE 3. Galaxias head morphometric measurements: A) dorsal; B) ventral; C) lateral. ED—eye diameter; GW—gape width; HD—head depth; HL—head length; HW—head width; IOW—inter-orbital width; LJL—lower jaw length; PecL— pectoral fin length; PoHL—post-orbital head length; SnL—snout length; UJL—upper jaw length. between specimens. These length measurements can also be influenced by body distortion, and as the setback of the anal fin from the origin of the dorsal is relatively small (usually < 10mm), a small amount of error in PreD or PreA can significantly influence the above equation, particularly as LDB is also a relatively short measurement. A more precise measurement, defined as DF—AF (Fig. 2), is a direct measure of the horizontal distance between the origin of each fin base. With the specimen on its side and horizontal, the measurement is taken by placing the arms of a set of calipers at a right angle across the trunk of the specimen so that the inside edge of each arm intersects the origin of a fin base (i.e. edge of anterior arm at the dorsal fin origin and posterior arm at anal fin origin). As fin bases can be fleshy, sometimes with procurrent rays and raised fleshy ridges, care must be taken to accurately establish the point of origin of each fin base and to do this consistently between taxa. This is best undertaken under a dissecting microscope. This character was specifically assessed for its degree of discrimination amongst taxa in the Galaxias olidus complex (see Results).
FIGURE 4. Positive radiograph of an individual of Galaxias olidus s.1. showing vertebral column and (inset) three fused vertebrae (underlined). hy—hypural; ns—neural spine; sn—supra neural; v1—first vertebra. Dorsal Rays (B) (dorsal fin rays—branched)—number of segmented branched rays; Dorsal Rays (S) (dorsal fin rays—unbranched)—number of segmented but unbranched rays; last ray, if bifurcated to near the base, counted as a single element; Anal Rays (T) (anal fin rays—total)—number of segmented rays; last ray, if bifurcated at base, counted as a single element; Anal Rays (B) (anal fin rays—branched)—number of segmented branched rays; Anal Rays (S) (anal fin rays—unbranched)—number of segmented but unbranched rays; last ray, if bifurcated to near the base, counted as a single element; Caudal Rays (caudal fin rays)—principal caudal fin ray count (branched segmented rays plus one unbranched segmented ray above and below branched rays); Pectoral Rays (T) (pectoral fin rays—total)—number of segmented rays; Pectoral Rays (B) (pectoral rays—branched)—number of segmented branched rays; Pectoral Rays (S) (pectoral rays—unbranched)—number of segmented unbranched rays; Pelvic Rays (T) (pelvic fin rays—total)—number of segmented rays; Pelvic Rays (B) (pelvic fin rays—branched)—number of segmented branched rays; Pelvic Rays (S) (pelvic fin rays—unbranched)—number of segmented unbranched rays; Gill Rakers (T) (gill rakers—total)—number of gill raker elements on lower and upper limb of first gill arch, including any vestigial anterior rakers. Raker in bend of arch included in lower limb count. Counts made separately for each limb and total count derived by addition; Gill Rakers (L) (gill rakers—lower)—number of gill raker elements on lower limb of first gill arch, including any vestigial anterior rakers; Gill Rakers (U) (gill rakers—upper)—number of gill raker elements on upper limb of first gill arch, including any vestigial anterior rakers; Vertebrae—number of vertebral centra, excluding the hypural centrum (Fig. 4).
FIGURE 4. Positive radiograph of an individual of Galaxias olidus s.1. showing vertebral column and (inset) three fused vertebrae (underlined). hy—hypural; ns—neural spine; sn—supra neural; v1—first vertebra. Dorsal Rays (B) (dorsal fin rays—branched)—number of segmented branched rays; Dorsal Rays (S) (dorsal fin rays—unbranched)—number of segmented but unbranched rays; last ray, if bifurcated to near the base, counted as a single element; Anal Rays (T) (anal fin rays—total)—number of segmented rays; last ray, if bifurcated at base, counted as a single element; Anal Rays (B) (anal fin rays—branched)—number of segmented branched rays; Anal Rays (S) (anal fin rays—unbranched)—number of segmented but unbranched rays; last ray, if bifurcated to near the base, counted as a single element; Caudal Rays (caudal fin rays)—principal caudal fin ray count (branched segmented rays plus one unbranched segmented ray above and below branched rays); Pectoral Rays (T) (pectoral fin rays—total)—number of segmented rays; Pectoral Rays (B) (pectoral rays—branched)—number of segmented branched rays; Pectoral Rays (S) (pectoral rays—unbranched)—number of segmented unbranched rays; Pelvic Rays (T) (pelvic fin rays—total)—number of segmented rays; Pelvic Rays (B) (pelvic fin rays—branched)—number of segmented branched rays; Pelvic Rays (S) (pelvic fin rays—unbranched)—number of segmented unbranched rays; Gill Rakers (T) (gill rakers—total)—number of gill raker elements on lower and upper limb of first gill arch, including any vestigial anterior rakers. Raker in bend of arch included in lower limb count. Counts made separately for each limb and total count derived by addition; Gill Rakers (L) (gill rakers—lower)—number of gill raker elements on lower limb of first gill arch, including any vestigial anterior rakers; Gill Rakers (U) (gill rakers—upper)—number of gill raker elements on upper limb of first gill arch, including any vestigial anterior rakers; Vertebrae—number of vertebral centra, excluding the hypural centrum (Fig. 4).
FIGURE 5. Cephalic sensory pore system (open) and cutaneous sensory papillae (closed) of Galaxias spp.; a. lateral view; b. dorsal view; c. ventral view. LL1—lateral line papillae; LL2—accessory lateral line papillae; N1—anterior nostril; N2—posterior nostril; PF—pectoral fin base. nicroscope. Fish were blotted dry, examined and the number and location of cephalic papillae/pitlines recorded. A sensory papillus was defined as a raised structure embedded in the surface of the dermis, consisting of a cluster of eceptor cells forming a neuromast organ. On the head this structure was usually overlain by dermal tissue located na depression or by a small pit extending through the epidermis to the outer surface. Often a number of closely spaced papillae/pits formed a discrete, curved or straight, linear series and was called a pitline. The presence of iccessory lateral line papillae was also noted. If papillae were obscure, or appeared to be lacking from a particular irea, a scalpel blade was used to carefully scrape back the epidermis to expose the outer dermal layer below to check for the presence of an underlying neuromast organ. The primary trunk lateral line papillae were ignored as he lateral line is a stable character in Galaxias, though varying slightly in definition (McDowall 1970a).
FIGURE 5. Cephalic sensory pore system (open) and cutaneous sensory papillae (closed) of Galaxias spp.; a. lateral view; b. dorsal view; c. ventral view. LL1—lateral line papillae; LL2—accessory lateral line papillae; N1—anterior nostril; N2—posterior nostril; PF—pectoral fin base. nicroscope. Fish were blotted dry, examined and the number and location of cephalic papillae/pitlines recorded. A sensory papillus was defined as a raised structure embedded in the surface of the dermis, consisting of a cluster of eceptor cells forming a neuromast organ. On the head this structure was usually overlain by dermal tissue located na depression or by a small pit extending through the epidermis to the outer surface. Often a number of closely spaced papillae/pits formed a discrete, curved or straight, linear series and was called a pitline. The presence of iccessory lateral line papillae was also noted. If papillae were obscure, or appeared to be lacking from a particular irea, a scalpel blade was used to carefully scrape back the epidermis to expose the outer dermal layer below to check for the presence of an underlying neuromast organ. The primary trunk lateral line papillae were ignored as he lateral line is a stable character in Galaxias, though varying slightly in definition (McDowall 1970a).
TABLE 2. Summary statistics for the position of the origin of the anal fin as a proportional setback from the origin of the dorsal fin, from the direct measurement DF—AF. Values expressed as percentages. Taxon codes are from Adams ef al. 2014: see ‘Systematics’ section for species names). 2014: see ‘Systematics’ section for species names). Pyloric caecae. Pyloric caecae are an additional means to discriminate between species, although their presence or absence, number and mean length were found to vary across taxa and also within taxa (Table 3). Five sroups of taxa (see below) could be identified based on the presence/ or absence of caecae and, when present, the number of caecae (Table 3). A sixth group with 0-2 caecae, consisting of BA, FU, OL, OR, RF and RI, was initially evident, but FU, OR and RF could be considered to belong to Group 2 (individuals with 0 or 1 caecum) as <8 % of individuals possessed two caecae, and BA, and OL could be considered to belong to Group 4 (individuals with 1 or 2 caecae) as < 8 % of individuals lacked caecae. RI was also considered to belong to Group 4, though a slightly higher number of individuals lacked caecae (12 %). In addition, ST was considered to belong to Group 1 with the majority (95 %) of individuals lacking caecae, SH to group 4 with 96 % of individuals with 1—2 caecae and TA to group 5 with 93 % of individuals with two caecae.
TABLE 2. Summary statistics for the position of the origin of the anal fin as a proportional setback from the origin of the dorsal fin, from the direct measurement DF—AF. Values expressed as percentages. Taxon codes are from Adams ef al. 2014: see ‘Systematics’ section for species names). 2014: see ‘Systematics’ section for species names). Pyloric caecae. Pyloric caecae are an additional means to discriminate between species, although their presence or absence, number and mean length were found to vary across taxa and also within taxa (Table 3). Five sroups of taxa (see below) could be identified based on the presence/ or absence of caecae and, when present, the number of caecae (Table 3). A sixth group with 0-2 caecae, consisting of BA, FU, OL, OR, RF and RI, was initially evident, but FU, OR and RF could be considered to belong to Group 2 (individuals with 0 or 1 caecum) as <8 % of individuals possessed two caecae, and BA, and OL could be considered to belong to Group 4 (individuals with 1 or 2 caecae) as < 8 % of individuals lacked caecae. RI was also considered to belong to Group 4, though a slightly higher number of individuals lacked caecae (12 %). In addition, ST was considered to belong to Group 1 with the majority (95 %) of individuals lacking caecae, SH to group 4 with 96 % of individuals with 1—2 caecae and TA to group 5 with 93 % of individuals with two caecae.
TABLE 3. Summary of the mean and range (expressed as % SL) of length of pyloric caecae between candidate species, including % frequency of number of caecae. (V—number of pyloric caeca or individuals examined. Taxon codes are from Adams et al. 2014: see ‘Systematics’ section for species names). Sensory pores and papillae, and accessory lateral line. Sensory pores were found to conform to the number and arrangement of pores previously reported for most Australian species of Galaxias (McDowall & Frankenberg 1981: fig. 47a). Abnormalities were very rare and usually consisted of the absence or addition of a pore on individual fish.
TABLE 3. Summary of the mean and range (expressed as % SL) of length of pyloric caecae between candidate species, including % frequency of number of caecae. (V—number of pyloric caeca or individuals examined. Taxon codes are from Adams et al. 2014: see ‘Systematics’ section for species names). Sensory pores and papillae, and accessory lateral line. Sensory pores were found to conform to the number and arrangement of pores previously reported for most Australian species of Galaxias (McDowall & Frankenberg 1981: fig. 47a). Abnormalities were very rare and usually consisted of the absence or addition of a pore on individual fish.
sean continued on the next page TABLE 4. Frequency distribution of segmented dorsal fin ray counts in species in the Galaxias olidus complex (total—branched + unbranched rays; *—holotype). Taxon codes following species names are from Adams ef al. 2014.
sean continued on the next page TABLE 4. Frequency distribution of segmented dorsal fin ray counts in species in the Galaxias olidus complex (total—branched + unbranched rays; *—holotype). Taxon codes following species names are from Adams ef al. 2014.
ABLE 5. Frequency distribution of segmented anal fin ray counts in species in the Galaxias olidus complex otal—branched + unbranched rays; *—holotype). TABLE 6. Frequency distribution of segmented pectoral fin ray counts in species in the Galaxias olidus comple (total—branched + unbranched rays; *—holotype).
ABLE 5. Frequency distribution of segmented anal fin ray counts in species in the Galaxias olidus complex otal—branched + unbranched rays; *—holotype). TABLE 6. Frequency distribution of segmented pectoral fin ray counts in species in the Galaxias olidus comple (total—branched + unbranched rays; *—holotype).
wren continued on the next page
wren continued on the next page
Number of elements
Number of elements
TABLE 7. Frequency distribution of segmented pelvic fin and principal caudal fin ray counts in species in the Galaxia: olidus complex (total—branched+unbranched rays; *—holotype). TABLE 8. Frequency distribution of gill raker number in species in the Galaxias olidus complex (total—all rakers or first gill arch; lower—rakers on lower limb + raker in angle; upper—rakers on upper limb; *—holotype).
TABLE 7. Frequency distribution of segmented pelvic fin and principal caudal fin ray counts in species in the Galaxia: olidus complex (total—branched+unbranched rays; *—holotype). TABLE 8. Frequency distribution of gill raker number in species in the Galaxias olidus complex (total—all rakers or first gill arch; lower—rakers on lower limb + raker in angle; upper—rakers on upper limb; *—holotype).
sesees continued on the next page
sesees continued on the next page
Number of elements
Number of elements
TABLE 9. Frequency distribution of vertebrae and pyloric caecae counts in species in the Galaxias olidus complex (*—holotype). Galaxias aequipinnis, new species
TABLE 9. Frequency distribution of vertebrae and pyloric caecae counts in species in the Galaxias olidus complex (*—holotype). Galaxias aequipinnis, new species
Number of elements
Number of elements
ssowed continued on the next page TABLE 10. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias aequipinnis sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
ssowed continued on the next page TABLE 10. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias aequipinnis sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 10. (Continued) TABLE 11. Morphometric variation in Galaxias aequipinnis sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios. except for LCF and SL).
TABLE 10. (Continued) TABLE 11. Morphometric variation in Galaxias aequipinnis sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios. except for LCF and SL).
Fins moderately fleshy at bases, with thickening extending distally over approximately 0.5 of fin area, *xtending farther between fin rays, dorsal fin base usually 1.1 (1.0—1.3) times length of anal fin base, fins rounded ind moderately high, anal fin longer than dorsal fin, middle rays longest; anal fin origin usually under 0.6 (0.4—0.7) listance posteriorly along dorsal fin base. Pelvic fins moderately long, 8.8 (8.0—9.9) in SL, 0.9 of pectoral fin ength, usually inserted at, or just posterior to, mid-point of standard length and extending about 0.5 distance to inal fin base; pectoral fin moderately large and paddle-shaped, 8.1 (7.5—9.2) in SL, extending just over 0.4 distance 0 pelvic fin base, low on body with dorsal end of fin base level with, or slightly above, posterior extent of mouth, amina of paired fins oriented anterio-ventrally, raised lamellae rarely present, if so, weakly developed on ventral surface of rays, mainly on the distal end of the first few rays. Caudal fin of moderate length, 7.6 (7.0-8.2) in SL, smarginate, equal to, or very slightly longer than, caudal peduncle, vertical width of expanded rays greater than ody depth through pectoral fin base, flanges low and well developed along caudal peduncle, reaching anteriorly to ust past distal end of adpressed anal fin rays, usually farther, occasionally almost to anal fin base. Size. Recorded to 110 mm /.CF and 12.9 7: commonly to 70—80 mm |_.CF.
Fins moderately fleshy at bases, with thickening extending distally over approximately 0.5 of fin area, *xtending farther between fin rays, dorsal fin base usually 1.1 (1.0—1.3) times length of anal fin base, fins rounded ind moderately high, anal fin longer than dorsal fin, middle rays longest; anal fin origin usually under 0.6 (0.4—0.7) listance posteriorly along dorsal fin base. Pelvic fins moderately long, 8.8 (8.0—9.9) in SL, 0.9 of pectoral fin ength, usually inserted at, or just posterior to, mid-point of standard length and extending about 0.5 distance to inal fin base; pectoral fin moderately large and paddle-shaped, 8.1 (7.5—9.2) in SL, extending just over 0.4 distance 0 pelvic fin base, low on body with dorsal end of fin base level with, or slightly above, posterior extent of mouth, amina of paired fins oriented anterio-ventrally, raised lamellae rarely present, if so, weakly developed on ventral surface of rays, mainly on the distal end of the first few rays. Caudal fin of moderate length, 7.6 (7.0-8.2) in SL, smarginate, equal to, or very slightly longer than, caudal peduncle, vertical width of expanded rays greater than ody depth through pectoral fin base, flanges low and well developed along caudal peduncle, reaching anteriorly to ust past distal end of adpressed anal fin rays, usually farther, occasionally almost to anal fin base. Size. Recorded to 110 mm /.CF and 12.9 7: commonly to 70—80 mm |_.CF.
TABLE 12. Details of diagnostic allozyme loci among the 15 species in the Galaxias olidus complex treated in this revision. Lower left triangle = total number of pairwise fixed differences for the 54 loci analysed by Adams ef al. (2014); upper right triangle = list of the individual loci found to be diagnostic for each species pair (code used:—1 = Acon/;2 = Acon2;3 = Acp1;4 = Acp1;5 = Ada;6 = Adh;7 = Ak;8 = Ald1;9 = Ald2;10 = Ap1;11 = Ap2;12 = Ca;13 = Ck;14 = Enoll;15 = Enol2;16 = Fdp;\7 = Fum;18 = G6pd;19 = Gapd;20 = Gda;21 = Glo;22 = Got1;23 = Got2;24 = Gp;25 = Gpil;26 = Gpi2;27 = Gsr;28 = Idh1;29 = Idh2;30 = Ldh1;31 = Ldh2;32 = Mdh1;33 = Mdh2;34 = Me1;35 = Me2;36 = Mpi;37 Ndpk1;38 = Ndpk2;39 = Np;40 = Pgam;41 = 6Pgd;42 = Pgm1;43 = Pgm2;44 = Pk1;45 = Pk2;46 = PepA2;47 = PepB;A8 = PepD;49 = PepA1;50 = Sod, 51 = Sordh;52 = Tpil;53 = Tpi2;54 = Ugpp); see Table 4 for species names.
TABLE 12. Details of diagnostic allozyme loci among the 15 species in the Galaxias olidus complex treated in this revision. Lower left triangle = total number of pairwise fixed differences for the 54 loci analysed by Adams ef al. (2014); upper right triangle = list of the individual loci found to be diagnostic for each species pair (code used:—1 = Acon/;2 = Acon2;3 = Acp1;4 = Acp1;5 = Ada;6 = Adh;7 = Ak;8 = Ald1;9 = Ald2;10 = Ap1;11 = Ap2;12 = Ca;13 = Ck;14 = Enoll;15 = Enol2;16 = Fdp;\7 = Fum;18 = G6pd;19 = Gapd;20 = Gda;21 = Glo;22 = Got1;23 = Got2;24 = Gp;25 = Gpil;26 = Gpi2;27 = Gsr;28 = Idh1;29 = Idh2;30 = Ldh1;31 = Ldh2;32 = Mdh1;33 = Mdh2;34 = Me1;35 = Me2;36 = Mpi;37 Ndpk1;38 = Ndpk2;39 = Np;40 = Pgam;41 = 6Pgd;42 = Pgm1;43 = Pgm2;44 = Pk1;45 = Pk2;46 = PepA2;47 = PepB;A8 = PepD;49 = PepA1;50 = Sod, 51 = Sordh;52 = Tpil;53 = Tpi2;54 = Ugpp); see Table 4 for species names.
FIGURE 7. Distribution of Galaxias aequipinnis (open circles), Galaxias brevissimus (grey square), Galaxias gunaikurnai (black square), Galaxias lanceolatus (grey circle), Galaxias longifundus (black diamond), Galaxias mcdowalli (inverted black triangle), Galaxias mungadhan (open squares), Galaxias supremus (open triangle), Galaxias tantangara (grey triangle), and Galaxias terenasus (black circles) (river basins shown—refer to Fig. 1). Colour of preserved material. Base colour of head and body light tan to pale creamy brown. Dorsal surface of head and trunk usually with dusky shading composed of very fine brown stippling, darker dorsally and fading down sides but extending onto ventral surface. Irregularly shaped, small and large, brown blotches tending to diffuse bars, reminiscent of flecks, randomly dispersed on dorsal and lateral surfaces, extending down sides to below lateral line, occasional larger, vertical, blotches, centred on lateral line, usually darker brown, contrasting in tone to nearby paler blotches and shading. Dusky shading extending onto head as fine brown stippling, darker on dorsal surfaces, fading down sides and light on ventral surface. Some medium to fine, black or brown spotting inside operculum and dark fine spotting at base and along gill filaments.
FIGURE 7. Distribution of Galaxias aequipinnis (open circles), Galaxias brevissimus (grey square), Galaxias gunaikurnai (black square), Galaxias lanceolatus (grey circle), Galaxias longifundus (black diamond), Galaxias mcdowalli (inverted black triangle), Galaxias mungadhan (open squares), Galaxias supremus (open triangle), Galaxias tantangara (grey triangle), and Galaxias terenasus (black circles) (river basins shown—refer to Fig. 1). Colour of preserved material. Base colour of head and body light tan to pale creamy brown. Dorsal surface of head and trunk usually with dusky shading composed of very fine brown stippling, darker dorsally and fading down sides but extending onto ventral surface. Irregularly shaped, small and large, brown blotches tending to diffuse bars, reminiscent of flecks, randomly dispersed on dorsal and lateral surfaces, extending down sides to below lateral line, occasional larger, vertical, blotches, centred on lateral line, usually darker brown, contrasting in tone to nearby paler blotches and shading. Dusky shading extending onto head as fine brown stippling, darker on dorsal surfaces, fading down sides and light on ventral surface. Some medium to fine, black or brown spotting inside operculum and dark fine spotting at base and along gill filaments.
TABLE 13. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias arcanus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens. TABLE 14. Morphometric variation in Galaxias arcanus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
TABLE 13. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias arcanus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens. TABLE 14. Morphometric variation in Galaxias arcanus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
axed continued on the next page
axed continued on the next page
TABLE 14. (Continued) Median fins relatively thin and slightly fleshy at bases, paired fins less so, with thickening extending distally over 0.2—0.3 of fin area, extending farther between fin rays, dorsal and anal fin bases of moderate length, dorsal base usually 0.9 in length of anal base, fins of moderate length, anal fin slightly longer, 2nd or 3rd branched ray
TABLE 14. (Continued) Median fins relatively thin and slightly fleshy at bases, paired fins less so, with thickening extending distally over 0.2—0.3 of fin area, extending farther between fin rays, dorsal and anal fin bases of moderate length, dorsal base usually 0.9 in length of anal base, fins of moderate length, anal fin slightly longer, 2nd or 3rd branched ray
FIGURE 8. Galaxias arcanus sp. nov. holotype, NUVV A.30568-3, 86.3 mm LCF, Wheelers Creek, Wheelers Creek Logging Road, south of Stacey’s Bridge, Victoria: A) line drawing; B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); and detail of ventral surface of C) head (T.A. Raadik), and D) jaws (R. Plant). Scale bar = 5 mm. Size. Recorded to 98 mm LCF and 6 g; commonly to 60-75 mm LCF.
FIGURE 8. Galaxias arcanus sp. nov. holotype, NUVV A.30568-3, 86.3 mm LCF, Wheelers Creek, Wheelers Creek Logging Road, south of Stacey’s Bridge, Victoria: A) line drawing; B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); and detail of ventral surface of C) head (T.A. Raadik), and D) jaws (R. Plant). Scale bar = 5 mm. Size. Recorded to 98 mm LCF and 6 g; commonly to 60-75 mm LCF.
FIGURE 9. A-B: Anterior view of the unique snout of Galaxias arcanus sp. nov., A) jaws closed and B) jaws open, showing fleshy upper lip; C) juvenile colour pattern and propping; and, D) adult propping on a rock. (T.A. Raadik). Colour of preserved material. Base colour of head and body pale lemon-yellow, tan or creamy yellow. Dorsa surface of head and trunk usually overall dark brown, dark grey or black, darkest mid-dorsally, on body fading down sides and occasionally on ventro-lateral surface as light duskiness, belly light cream to creamy yellow lacking duskiness. Bold cryptic patterning of large, irregularly shaped joined blotches interspersed by contrasting light pale cream spots or thin, separated or connected, irregularly-shaped narrow bands, darker on top and fading down sides, extending over entire dorsal and lateral surface of head and body, absent from ventral surface. Dorsa portion of nape, head, snout, and anterior-dorsal portion of upper jaw with dark grey colouration, becoming pale laterally and extending onto lower jaw, below eyes, cheeks and gill covers, ventral surface of head sometimes als« dusky and with patches of fine black spots. Duskiness produced by profuse, very fine pale black spotting. Ofter minute black spotting also inside operculum and on base of gill filaments.
FIGURE 9. A-B: Anterior view of the unique snout of Galaxias arcanus sp. nov., A) jaws closed and B) jaws open, showing fleshy upper lip; C) juvenile colour pattern and propping; and, D) adult propping on a rock. (T.A. Raadik). Colour of preserved material. Base colour of head and body pale lemon-yellow, tan or creamy yellow. Dorsa surface of head and trunk usually overall dark brown, dark grey or black, darkest mid-dorsally, on body fading down sides and occasionally on ventro-lateral surface as light duskiness, belly light cream to creamy yellow lacking duskiness. Bold cryptic patterning of large, irregularly shaped joined blotches interspersed by contrasting light pale cream spots or thin, separated or connected, irregularly-shaped narrow bands, darker on top and fading down sides, extending over entire dorsal and lateral surface of head and body, absent from ventral surface. Dorsa portion of nape, head, snout, and anterior-dorsal portion of upper jaw with dark grey colouration, becoming pale laterally and extending onto lower jaw, below eyes, cheeks and gill covers, ventral surface of head sometimes als« dusky and with patches of fine black spots. Duskiness produced by profuse, very fine pale black spotting. Ofter minute black spotting also inside operculum and on base of gill filaments.
FIGURE 10. A) Galaxias arcanus sp. nov., adult, collected from type locality, ~ 85 mm LCF March 2008; B) Wheeler Creek, at type locality, 1 April 2008. Zulu Creek inflow on right; C) typical habitat of Galaxias arcanus, amongst cobbles in a fast- flowing riffle, Steavenson River downstream from Marysville, 22 May 2001. (T.A. Raadik).
FIGURE 10. A) Galaxias arcanus sp. nov., adult, collected from type locality, ~ 85 mm LCF March 2008; B) Wheeler Creek, at type locality, 1 April 2008. Zulu Creek inflow on right; C) typical habitat of Galaxias arcanus, amongst cobbles in a fast- flowing riffle, Steavenson River downstream from Marysville, 22 May 2001. (T.A. Raadik).
FIGURE 11. Distribution of Galaxias arcanus sp. nov. (black circles) and Galaxias fuscus (open circles). (river basins shown—refer to Fig. 1). Genetics. Allozyme and mtDNA analysis of this species can be found in Adams ef al. (2014; taxon code RF). Diagnostic allozyme loci (6-13) between this taxon and the other species in the Galaxias olidus complex are provided in Table 12. Two genetically distinct subpopulations were identified, with fish in the Goulburn River basin differing by one diagnostic allozyme locus from those in the Upper Murray to the Ovens River basins (Raadik 2011). Morphological variation between these subpopulations was not investigated.
FIGURE 11. Distribution of Galaxias arcanus sp. nov. (black circles) and Galaxias fuscus (open circles). (river basins shown—refer to Fig. 1). Genetics. Allozyme and mtDNA analysis of this species can be found in Adams ef al. (2014; taxon code RF). Diagnostic allozyme loci (6-13) between this taxon and the other species in the Galaxias olidus complex are provided in Table 12. Two genetically distinct subpopulations were identified, with fish in the Goulburn River basin differing by one diagnostic allozyme locus from those in the Upper Murray to the Ovens River basins (Raadik 2011). Morphological variation between these subpopulations was not investigated.
TABLE 15. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias brevissimus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb).
TABLE 15. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias brevissimus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb).
beens continued on the next page
beens continued on the next page
TABLE 15. (Continued)
TABLE 15. (Continued)
FIGURE 12. A-B: Galaxias brevissimus sp. nov. holotype, NUV A.30559-3, 77.2 mm LCF, Jibolaro Creek, Tuross Rd, north- west of Kybeyan, New South Wales, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C) G brevissimus sp. nov., collected at the type locality with the holotype, 14 March 2002; ~ 80 mm LCF (R. Kuiter); D) Jibolaro Creek, at type locality, 14 March 2002 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 12. A-B: Galaxias brevissimus sp. nov. holotype, NUV A.30559-3, 77.2 mm LCF, Jibolaro Creek, Tuross Rd, north- west of Kybeyan, New South Wales, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C) G brevissimus sp. nov., collected at the type locality with the holotype, 14 March 2002; ~ 80 mm LCF (R. Kuiter); D) Jibolaro Creek, at type locality, 14 March 2002 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
TABLE 17. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias fuscus (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—-single; U—pper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 17. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias fuscus (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—-single; U—pper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
besees continued on the next page
besees continued on the next page
Most distinctive feature is a series of large, vertical, variably shaped, roughly ovoid to elongate bars (Figs. 13d, 4) located mid-laterally and extending above and below the lateral line. The number, shape, size and location of ars vary within and between populations and between the two sides of individual fish. Bars are deep black to rich uurgundy black, usually solid though some are occasionally slightly faded, surrounded by a narrow, light halo composed of the base body colour without a dusky hue. Halos of adjacent bars are usually separated though may artially join when bars are closely spaced. Bars are usually wider with a rounded end above the lateral line, yecoming narrower and pointed below (inverted ‘tear-drop’ shape), or widest at the lateral line. From 0 to about 10 ars can be present, usually 7 or less, fully formed or partial; partial bars usually short but generally as wide as full ars, circular to ovoid, situated on the upper sides and extending down to the lateral line. Bars always located yetween the upper margin of the opercle, above and forward of the pectoral fin base, extending posteriorly to just efore the dorsal fin base. Occasionally very faint, widely spaced, grey blotches extend farther posteriorly, onto the audal peduncle. Bars, blotching or spotting absent from dorsal surface, except rarely when large, faint, discrete oundish blotching present, extending posteriorly from posterior edge of nape to about above pelvic fin base, nterspersed in areas between lateral bars, some extending over dorso-lateral margin onto very upper lateral urface, again dispersed between lateral bars. Pattern and bars absent from head. Mid-dorsal surface of trunk usually with thin, single to double, row of gold flecks extending from nape
Most distinctive feature is a series of large, vertical, variably shaped, roughly ovoid to elongate bars (Figs. 13d, 4) located mid-laterally and extending above and below the lateral line. The number, shape, size and location of ars vary within and between populations and between the two sides of individual fish. Bars are deep black to rich uurgundy black, usually solid though some are occasionally slightly faded, surrounded by a narrow, light halo composed of the base body colour without a dusky hue. Halos of adjacent bars are usually separated though may artially join when bars are closely spaced. Bars are usually wider with a rounded end above the lateral line, yecoming narrower and pointed below (inverted ‘tear-drop’ shape), or widest at the lateral line. From 0 to about 10 ars can be present, usually 7 or less, fully formed or partial; partial bars usually short but generally as wide as full ars, circular to ovoid, situated on the upper sides and extending down to the lateral line. Bars always located yetween the upper margin of the opercle, above and forward of the pectoral fin base, extending posteriorly to just efore the dorsal fin base. Occasionally very faint, widely spaced, grey blotches extend farther posteriorly, onto the audal peduncle. Bars, blotching or spotting absent from dorsal surface, except rarely when large, faint, discrete oundish blotching present, extending posteriorly from posterior edge of nape to about above pelvic fin base, nterspersed in areas between lateral bars, some extending over dorso-lateral margin onto very upper lateral urface, again dispersed between lateral bars. Pattern and bars absent from head. Mid-dorsal surface of trunk usually with thin, single to double, row of gold flecks extending from nape
FIGURE 14. Variation in bar pattern in Galaxias fuscus from across their range. Clockwise from top left: Plain Creek (Delatite system); Brewery Gully (Goulburn system); Torbreck River tributary, (Big system); Keppel Hut Crk and Robertsons Gully (Leary’s Creek) (Steavenson system); Luke Crk (Yea River system); All images by T.A. Raadik, except Torbreck R (M. Shirley).
FIGURE 14. Variation in bar pattern in Galaxias fuscus from across their range. Clockwise from top left: Plain Creek (Delatite system); Brewery Gully (Goulburn system); Torbreck River tributary, (Big system); Keppel Hut Crk and Robertsons Gully (Leary’s Creek) (Steavenson system); Luke Crk (Yea River system); All images by T.A. Raadik, except Torbreck R (M. Shirley).
TABLE 19. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 19. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 20. Morphometric variation in Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL). Leesee continued on the next page
TABLE 20. Morphometric variation in Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL). Leesee continued on the next page
FIGURE 15. A-B: Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov. holotype, NVV A.30573-2, 94.6 mm LCF, Shaw Creek, off Howitt Road, Bennison High Plains, Alpine National Park, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C) G gunaikurnai sp. nov., collected at the type locality with the holotype, 28 February 2002; ~ 80 mm LCF. (R. Kuiter); D) Shaw Creek, at the type locality of G gunaikurnai sp. nov., 16 April 2013 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 15. A-B: Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov. holotype, NVV A.30573-2, 94.6 mm LCF, Shaw Creek, off Howitt Road, Bennison High Plains, Alpine National Park, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C) G gunaikurnai sp. nov., collected at the type locality with the holotype, 28 February 2002; ~ 80 mm LCF. (R. Kuiter); D) Shaw Creek, at the type locality of G gunaikurnai sp. nov., 16 April 2013 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
TABLE 22. Morphometric variation in Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL). snes continued on the next page
TABLE 22. Morphometric variation in Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL). snes continued on the next page
TABLE 21. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 21. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
FIGURE 16. A-B: Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov. holotype, NMVV A.30552-3, 74.5 mm LCF, female, Stoney Creek, Stoney No. 5 Track, west of Seaton, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C) G lanceolatus sp. nov. female, collected at the type locality, ~ 75 mm LCF, | May 2012. (T.A. Raadik); D) Stoney Creek, at type locality of G. lanceolatus sp. nov., 1 May 2012 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 16. A-B: Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov. holotype, NMVV A.30552-3, 74.5 mm LCF, female, Stoney Creek, Stoney No. 5 Track, west of Seaton, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C) G lanceolatus sp. nov. female, collected at the type locality, ~ 75 mm LCF, | May 2012. (T.A. Raadik); D) Stoney Creek, at type locality of G. lanceolatus sp. nov., 1 May 2012 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
TABLE 23. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias longifundus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens. TABLE 24. Morphometric variation in Galaxias longifundus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
TABLE 23. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias longifundus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens. TABLE 24. Morphometric variation in Galaxias longifundus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
eee continued on the next page
eee continued on the next page
FIGURE 17. A-B: Galaxias longifundus sp. nov. holotype, NUV A.30575-2, 81.0 mm LCF, Rintoul Creek, C12 Track, north of Tyers, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (note: tail curved slightly to the left in horizontal plane) (T.A. Raadik); C) G longifundus sp. nov., female, 65 mm LCF, collected at the type locality, 30 April 2012 (T.A. Raadik); D) Rintoul Creek, at type locality of G /ongifundus sp. nov., 30 April 2012 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 17. A-B: Galaxias longifundus sp. nov. holotype, NUV A.30575-2, 81.0 mm LCF, Rintoul Creek, C12 Track, north of Tyers, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (note: tail curved slightly to the left in horizontal plane) (T.A. Raadik); C) G longifundus sp. nov., female, 65 mm LCF, collected at the type locality, 30 April 2012 (T.A. Raadik); D) Rintoul Creek, at type locality of G /ongifundus sp. nov., 30 April 2012 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
ste continued on the next page TABLE 26. Morphometric variation in Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
ste continued on the next page TABLE 26. Morphometric variation in Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
TABLE 25. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower liml S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 25. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower liml S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
FIGURE 18. A-B: Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov. holotype, NUV A.30572-2, 74.2 mm LCF, Rodger River, Waratah Flat Road, Waratah Flat, Snowy River National Park, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C-D G mcdowalli sp. nov. collected at the type locality with the holotype, 27 February 2002, C) ~ 80 mm LCF. (R. Kuiter), D) showing different pattern, collected at the type locality with the holotype, 27 February 2002; ~ 85 mm LCF (R. Kuiter). Scale bar =5 mm.
FIGURE 18. A-B: Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov. holotype, NUV A.30572-2, 74.2 mm LCF, Rodger River, Waratah Flat Road, Waratah Flat, Snowy River National Park, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C-D G mcdowalli sp. nov. collected at the type locality with the holotype, 27 February 2002, C) ~ 80 mm LCF. (R. Kuiter), D) showing different pattern, collected at the type locality with the holotype, 27 February 2002; ~ 85 mm LCF (R. Kuiter). Scale bar =5 mm.
FIGURE 19. Rodger River, at the type locality of G mcdowalli sp. nov., 27 February 2002 (T.A. Raadik).
FIGURE 19. Rodger River, at the type locality of G mcdowalli sp. nov., 27 February 2002 (T.A. Raadik).
TABLE 27. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb: S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 27. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb: S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 28. Morphometric variation in Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL). beets continued on the next page
TABLE 28. Morphometric variation in Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL). beets continued on the next page
Size. Recorded to 110 mm LCF and 11 g; commonly to 70-80 mm LCF. Colour in life. Body dark brown overall, usually darker above lateral line, extending onto top and sides of head and snout, becoming brown ventrally, belly sometimes light brown. Overlain by small to moderate sized dark brown to black, irregular shaped, rather diffuse blotches, more densely spaced above lateral line. Gill cover brown; iris silvery to coppery gold. Mid-dorsal surface of trunk usually with a moderately wide band composed of gold spots or flecks extending from nape to dorsal fin base, sometimes extending over head to snout; head broadly scattered with small gold flecks, and broad, diffuse band of golden spots usually extending from near base of pectoral fin onto caudal peduncle, usually mostly below lateral line and quite distinct posteriorly. Fins translucent yellowy brown. See below for more detailed comments on body pattern. Colour of nreserved material Race colour of head and hodv tan to licoht hrqgwn Fine to medium-size.
Size. Recorded to 110 mm LCF and 11 g; commonly to 70-80 mm LCF. Colour in life. Body dark brown overall, usually darker above lateral line, extending onto top and sides of head and snout, becoming brown ventrally, belly sometimes light brown. Overlain by small to moderate sized dark brown to black, irregular shaped, rather diffuse blotches, more densely spaced above lateral line. Gill cover brown; iris silvery to coppery gold. Mid-dorsal surface of trunk usually with a moderately wide band composed of gold spots or flecks extending from nape to dorsal fin base, sometimes extending over head to snout; head broadly scattered with small gold flecks, and broad, diffuse band of golden spots usually extending from near base of pectoral fin onto caudal peduncle, usually mostly below lateral line and quite distinct posteriorly. Fins translucent yellowy brown. See below for more detailed comments on body pattern. Colour of nreserved material Race colour of head and hodv tan to licoht hrqgwn Fine to medium-size.
FIGURE 20. A-B: Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov. holotype, NUV A.30550-3, 104.5 mm LCF, Lightbound Creek, Dargo High Plains Road, Lankey's Plain, Alpine National Park, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); G mungadhan sp. nov., collected from the type locality, 5 April 2011; ~ 90 mm LCF. (T.A. Raadik); D) Lightbound Creek, at type locality of G mungadhan sp. nov., 16 November 2010 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 20. A-B: Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov. holotype, NUV A.30550-3, 104.5 mm LCF, Lightbound Creek, Dargo High Plains Road, Lankey's Plain, Alpine National Park, Victoria, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); G mungadhan sp. nov., collected from the type locality, 5 April 2011; ~ 90 mm LCF. (T.A. Raadik); D) Lightbound Creek, at type locality of G mungadhan sp. nov., 16 November 2010 (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
TABLE 29. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias olidus (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 29. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias olidus (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
Lessee continued on the next page
Lessee continued on the next page
Size. Recorded to 126 mm LCF and 25 g; commonly to 55-80 mm LCF. Colour in life. Extremely variable in base colouration and body pattern between populations across its geographic range (Fig. 23), less so within populations. Body predominantly tan, light brown to brown or olive, sometimes orange-brown, on back and sides, extending over head and snout, becoming lighter below lateral line, belly usually cream, occasionally almost white. Overlain by extremely variable pattern consisting of dark brown or grey, grey-brown or almost black spots, irregularly shaped blotches, patches, flecks and bands, and reticulations, or various combinations of these, with blotches, patches and large spots often coalescing to form irregularly shaped vertical bands. Trunk pattern usually most dense on dorsal surface, also extending down sides past lateral line, sometimes to ventro-lateral margin, also extending onto top of head and often down sides and onto snout. Body pattern sometimes quite pale or almost absent in some individuals or populations, or pattern also overlain by shading formed by profuse tiny grey spots. Typically, a series of small to moderately large, usually thin and elongate, sometimes ovoid to almost circular, closely-spaced black to very dark brown bars present along the lateral line, extending posteriorly from just above the pectoral fin base, often to the caudal peduncle, with posterior bars often paler or grading into diffuse blotches; bars may be very pale or absent in some populations. When present, bars always narrower, more closely-spaced, variable in shape and numerous than those in Galaxias fuscus, and also extend farther posteriorly, usually to at least origin of anal fin or farther. FIGURE 21. Galaxias olidus holotype (BMNH 1866.2.13.24), showing encysted metacercariae (as small spots) embedded in the skin of the trunk and head, and in the fins (note: head curved to the right in horizontal plane) (T.A. Raadik).
Size. Recorded to 126 mm LCF and 25 g; commonly to 55-80 mm LCF. Colour in life. Extremely variable in base colouration and body pattern between populations across its geographic range (Fig. 23), less so within populations. Body predominantly tan, light brown to brown or olive, sometimes orange-brown, on back and sides, extending over head and snout, becoming lighter below lateral line, belly usually cream, occasionally almost white. Overlain by extremely variable pattern consisting of dark brown or grey, grey-brown or almost black spots, irregularly shaped blotches, patches, flecks and bands, and reticulations, or various combinations of these, with blotches, patches and large spots often coalescing to form irregularly shaped vertical bands. Trunk pattern usually most dense on dorsal surface, also extending down sides past lateral line, sometimes to ventro-lateral margin, also extending onto top of head and often down sides and onto snout. Body pattern sometimes quite pale or almost absent in some individuals or populations, or pattern also overlain by shading formed by profuse tiny grey spots. Typically, a series of small to moderately large, usually thin and elongate, sometimes ovoid to almost circular, closely-spaced black to very dark brown bars present along the lateral line, extending posteriorly from just above the pectoral fin base, often to the caudal peduncle, with posterior bars often paler or grading into diffuse blotches; bars may be very pale or absent in some populations. When present, bars always narrower, more closely-spaced, variable in shape and numerous than those in Galaxias fuscus, and also extend farther posteriorly, usually to at least origin of anal fin or farther. FIGURE 21. Galaxias olidus holotype (BMNH 1866.2.13.24), showing encysted metacercariae (as small spots) embedded in the skin of the trunk and head, and in the fins (note: head curved to the right in horizontal plane) (T.A. Raadik).
FIGURE 22. Distribution of Galaxias olidus in south-eastern Australia (river basins shown—tefer to Fig. 1). IB.754), Walgett (AMS IB.575 and IB.755) and downstream of Narrandera (AMS I[.17993-001 and I.19315-001) considered to represent individuals washed downstream during wetter periods from more permanent populations at higher elevations. In SA, found in two tributaries of the lower Murray River system draining the eastern Mt. Lofty Ranges (Finnis and Tookayerta), and in the Yankalilla, Carrickalinga, Myponga, Onkaparinga, Torrens and Gawler catchments draining the west of the Mt. Lofty Ranges (South Australian Gulf drainage division). Previously also known from Kangaroo Island, and possibly the Yorke Peninsula, but now considered extinct. The minimum elevational range in northern parts of its distribution (northward from mid-NSW) is higher than
FIGURE 22. Distribution of Galaxias olidus in south-eastern Australia (river basins shown—tefer to Fig. 1). IB.754), Walgett (AMS IB.575 and IB.755) and downstream of Narrandera (AMS I[.17993-001 and I.19315-001) considered to represent individuals washed downstream during wetter periods from more permanent populations at higher elevations. In SA, found in two tributaries of the lower Murray River system draining the eastern Mt. Lofty Ranges (Finnis and Tookayerta), and in the Yankalilla, Carrickalinga, Myponga, Onkaparinga, Torrens and Gawler catchments draining the west of the Mt. Lofty Ranges (South Australian Gulf drainage division). Previously also known from Kangaroo Island, and possibly the Yorke Peninsula, but now considered extinct. The minimum elevational range in northern parts of its distribution (northward from mid-NSW) is higher than
FIGURE 24. Diversity of aquatic habitats occupied by Galaxias olidus (clockwise from top left): 1,46 Canungra Crk, O’Reilly’s, QLD; II,04 Bielsdown R, Dorrigo, NSW; II,04 Coopernook Crk, NSW; 11,04 Snowy Crk trib., Cathedral N.P., NSW; II,10 Oaky Crk, NSW; II,24 Twenty Five Mile Crk, Dargo High Plains, VIC; IV,01 Murray R, Jingellic NSW; IV,02 McKay Crk, Bogong High Plains, VIC; IV,16 MacIntyre R, Paradise, NSW; IV,19 upper Peel R, NSW (T.A. Raadik) (refer to FIGURE 1 for drainage division and river basin locations).
FIGURE 24. Diversity of aquatic habitats occupied by Galaxias olidus (clockwise from top left): 1,46 Canungra Crk, O’Reilly’s, QLD; II,04 Bielsdown R, Dorrigo, NSW; II,04 Coopernook Crk, NSW; 11,04 Snowy Crk trib., Cathedral N.P., NSW; II,10 Oaky Crk, NSW; II,24 Twenty Five Mile Crk, Dargo High Plains, VIC; IV,01 Murray R, Jingellic NSW; IV,02 McKay Crk, Bogong High Plains, VIC; IV,16 MacIntyre R, Paradise, NSW; IV,19 upper Peel R, NSW (T.A. Raadik) (refer to FIGURE 1 for drainage division and river basin locations).
kes continued on the next page TABLE 32. Morphometric variation in Galaxias oliros sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, excep for LCF and SL).
kes continued on the next page TABLE 32. Morphometric variation in Galaxias oliros sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, excep for LCF and SL).
TABLE 31. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias oliros sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 31. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias oliros sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
FIGURE 26. A) Galaxias oliros sp. nov., Avoca River, Amphitheatre, Victoria, 18 November 2005, ~ 95 mm LCF (T.A. Raadik); B) G oliros, Hewitt Creek, Glenelg River system, Victoria, 7 April 2005, ~ 90 mm LCF (R. Kuiter).
FIGURE 26. A) Galaxias oliros sp. nov., Avoca River, Amphitheatre, Victoria, 18 November 2005, ~ 95 mm LCF (T.A. Raadik); B) G oliros, Hewitt Creek, Glenelg River system, Victoria, 7 April 2005, ~ 90 mm LCF (R. Kuiter).
FIGURE 27. Distribution of Galaxias oliros sp. nov. in south-eastern Australia (river basins shown—tefer to Fig.1). Genetics. Allozyme and mtDNA analysis of this species can be found in Adams ef al. (2014; taxon code OR). Diagnostic allozyme loci (2-12) between this taxon and the other species in the Galaxias olidus complex are provided in Table 12.
FIGURE 27. Distribution of Galaxias oliros sp. nov. in south-eastern Australia (river basins shown—tefer to Fig.1). Genetics. Allozyme and mtDNA analysis of this species can be found in Adams ef al. (2014; taxon code OR). Diagnostic allozyme loci (2-12) between this taxon and the other species in the Galaxias olidus complex are provided in Table 12.
FIGURE 28. Diversity of aquatic habitats occupied by Galaxias oliros sp. nov., (clockwise from top left): 1,38 Glenelg River, Balmoral, coastal VIC; IV,01 Murray River, Jingellic, NSW; IV,04 Broken Creek, Tungamah, inland VIC; IV,04 Black Springs swamp, Warby Ranges, inland VIC; II,34 Springdallah Creek, Linton, coastal VIC; IV,26 Mount Barker Creek, SA; IV,15 Troopers Creek, Grampians, inland VIC; 11,38 Dwyer Creek, Grampians, coastal VIC (T.A. Raadik) (refer to FIGURE 1 for drainage division and river basin locations). olidus s.1., which can persist in the presence of alien trout, possibly partly as the areas it occupies are warm and therefore marginal for salmonid survival, and habitat and niche overlap may not be as strong as it is between trout and other members in the G olidus complex.
FIGURE 28. Diversity of aquatic habitats occupied by Galaxias oliros sp. nov., (clockwise from top left): 1,38 Glenelg River, Balmoral, coastal VIC; IV,01 Murray River, Jingellic, NSW; IV,04 Broken Creek, Tungamah, inland VIC; IV,04 Black Springs swamp, Warby Ranges, inland VIC; II,34 Springdallah Creek, Linton, coastal VIC; IV,26 Mount Barker Creek, SA; IV,15 Troopers Creek, Grampians, inland VIC; 11,38 Dwyer Creek, Grampians, coastal VIC (T.A. Raadik) (refer to FIGURE 1 for drainage division and river basin locations). olidus s.1., which can persist in the presence of alien trout, possibly partly as the areas it occupies are warm and therefore marginal for salmonid survival, and habitat and niche overlap may not be as strong as it is between trout and other members in the G olidus complex.
Leeaee continued on the next page TABLE 34. Morphometric variation in Galaxias ornatus (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except fo LCF and SL).
Leeaee continued on the next page TABLE 34. Morphometric variation in Galaxias ornatus (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except fo LCF and SL).
TABLE 33. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias ornatus (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single U—pper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 33. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias ornatus (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single U—pper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
FIGURE 31. Distribution of Galaxias ornatus in central coastal Victoria (river basins shown—tefer to Fig.1). PERE RESE SR SSSI ARREST retn ee ives EOSRENEAL TM apcnire ern EGAN Aeron ne sau Narnetnee urns TAS AEN ONE Turereest oANATOn rene: SEMHRIVe® Ewe Noncreceens SNe, BGRISSRIS AS Deine CSET Genetics. Allozyme and mtDNA analysis of this species can be found in Adams ef al. (2014; taxon code BA). Diagnostic allozyme loci (2-10) between this taxon and the other species in the Galaxias olidus complex are provided in Table 12. Three genetically distinct subpopulations were identified, differing from each other by one diagnostic allozyme locus (Raadik 2011). One subpopulation ranges from the Tarwin River basin in the east to the Maribyrnong River basin, a second from the Werribee River basin to the west of Melbourne extending into the Otway Ranges, and the third, located in the Otway Ranges in the upper Calder River system. Morphological variation between these subpopulations was not investigated.
FIGURE 31. Distribution of Galaxias ornatus in central coastal Victoria (river basins shown—tefer to Fig.1). PERE RESE SR SSSI ARREST retn ee ives EOSRENEAL TM apcnire ern EGAN Aeron ne sau Narnetnee urns TAS AEN ONE Turereest oANATOn rene: SEMHRIVe® Ewe Noncreceens SNe, BGRISSRIS AS Deine CSET Genetics. Allozyme and mtDNA analysis of this species can be found in Adams ef al. (2014; taxon code BA). Diagnostic allozyme loci (2-10) between this taxon and the other species in the Galaxias olidus complex are provided in Table 12. Three genetically distinct subpopulations were identified, differing from each other by one diagnostic allozyme locus (Raadik 2011). One subpopulation ranges from the Tarwin River basin in the east to the Maribyrnong River basin, a second from the Werribee River basin to the west of Melbourne extending into the Otway Ranges, and the third, located in the Otway Ranges in the upper Calder River system. Morphological variation between these subpopulations was not investigated.
bese continued on the next page TABLE 36. Morphometric variation in Galaxias supremus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
bese continued on the next page TABLE 36. Morphometric variation in Galaxias supremus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
TABLE 35. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias supremus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower lim S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
TABLE 35. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias supremus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower lim S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.
FIGURE 33. Galaxias supremus sp. nov., A—B: holotype, NUV A.30571-3, 86.6 mm LCF, female, Carruthers Creek, Main Range Track, south-east of Blue Lake, Mount Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C), collected at the type locality with the holotype, 15 March 2002; ~ 80 mm LCF. (R. Kuiter); D), collected from Blue Lake, 15 March 2002; ~ 70 mm LCF. (R. Kuiter). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 33. Galaxias supremus sp. nov., A—B: holotype, NUV A.30571-3, 86.6 mm LCF, female, Carruthers Creek, Main Range Track, south-east of Blue Lake, Mount Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); C), collected at the type locality with the holotype, 15 March 2002; ~ 80 mm LCF. (R. Kuiter); D), collected from Blue Lake, 15 March 2002; ~ 70 mm LCF. (R. Kuiter). Scale bar = 5 mm.
bees continued on the next page TABLE 38. Morphometric variation in Galaxias tantangara sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
bees continued on the next page TABLE 38. Morphometric variation in Galaxias tantangara sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
TABLE 37. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias tantangara sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb S—single; U—upper limb).
TABLE 37. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias tantangara sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb S—single; U—upper limb).
down cheeks, gill covers, snout and upper jaw onto ventral surface, including underneath anterior portion of lower jaw. Fine to medium, black and brown spotting inside operculum, with fine black spotting on base of and on gill filaments and rakers.
down cheeks, gill covers, snout and upper jaw onto ventral surface, including underneath anterior portion of lower jaw. Fine to medium, black and brown spotting inside operculum, with fine black spotting on base of and on gill filaments and rakers.
TABLE 39. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % of values. TABLE 40. Morphometric variation in Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
TABLE 39. Summary of meristic variation in Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. (T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % of values. TABLE 40. Morphometric variation in Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. (values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).
bees continued on the next page
bees continued on the next page
FIGURE 36. Galaxias terenasus sp. nov., A—C: holotype, NVV A.30592-3, 65.4 mm LCF, female, Maclaughlin River, Allen Caldwell Bridge on Ando Road, north-north-west of Bombala, New South Wales, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik), C) dorsal view of head showing anterior, elongate, tubular nostril (T.A. Raadik); D-E: paratype, NMV A.30542-2, 62.0 mm LCF, White Rock River, Southern Access Road, NE of Rockton, D) line drawing (R. Plant), E) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 36. Galaxias terenasus sp. nov., A—C: holotype, NVV A.30592-3, 65.4 mm LCF, female, Maclaughlin River, Allen Caldwell Bridge on Ando Road, north-north-west of Bombala, New South Wales, A) line drawing (R. Plant), B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik), C) dorsal view of head showing anterior, elongate, tubular nostril (T.A. Raadik); D-E: paratype, NMV A.30542-2, 62.0 mm LCF, White Rock River, Southern Access Road, NE of Rockton, D) line drawing (R. Plant), E) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 37. Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. A) Church Creek, east of Delegate, 17 March 2003; ~ 50 mm LCF (T.A. Raadik); B) Genoa River at Rockton, 16 December 2003; ~50 mm LCF (R.H. Kuiter).
FIGURE 37. Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. A) Church Creek, east of Delegate, 17 March 2003; ~ 50 mm LCF (T.A. Raadik); B) Genoa River at Rockton, 16 December 2003; ~50 mm LCF (R.H. Kuiter).
FIGURE 38. Habitat of Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. A) Genoa River, Monaro Highway, Rockton, 26 February 2002; B) Church Creek, east of Bombala (Snowy River catchment), 17 December 2003; C) White Rock River, Southern Access Road (Genoa River system), 16 February 2003 (T.A. Raadik).
FIGURE 38. Habitat of Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. A) Genoa River, Monaro Highway, Rockton, 26 February 2002; B) Church Creek, east of Bombala (Snowy River catchment), 17 December 2003; C) White Rock River, Southern Access Road (Genoa River system), 16 February 2003 (T.A. Raadik).
bees continued on the next page TABLE 41. Valid species of extant and fossil (+) Galaxiidae, including authority and distribution. AUS—Australia (only mainland; Tas—only Tasmania; &Tas—mainland and Tasmania); NZ—New Zealand; SAm—South America (includes country); SAfr—South Africa.
bees continued on the next page TABLE 41. Valid species of extant and fossil (+) Galaxiidae, including authority and distribution. AUS—Australia (only mainland; Tas—only Tasmania; &Tas—mainland and Tasmania); NZ—New Zealand; SAm—South America (includes country); SAfr—South Africa.
TABLE 42. Australian Galaxiidae, including Australian, mainland and Tasmanian endemism. (Y = yes; m—mainland Australia; T—Tasmania). This study demonstrates the degree of salmonid impact on biodiversity in Australian non-migratory galaxiids has been seriously under-estimated due to the lack of taxonomic resolution in the Galaxias olidus complex. Significantly, trout are implicated in the decline and/or fragmentation in range of 10 of the 15 species within the complex (with at least regional/localised impacts documented/predicted in the remaining five), all of which occur in habitats which are now considered to have highly modified biotas which reflect relictual distributions as a result
TABLE 42. Australian Galaxiidae, including Australian, mainland and Tasmanian endemism. (Y = yes; m—mainland Australia; T—Tasmania). This study demonstrates the degree of salmonid impact on biodiversity in Australian non-migratory galaxiids has been seriously under-estimated due to the lack of taxonomic resolution in the Galaxias olidus complex. Significantly, trout are implicated in the decline and/or fragmentation in range of 10 of the 15 species within the complex (with at least regional/localised impacts documented/predicted in the remaining five), all of which occur in habitats which are now considered to have highly modified biotas which reflect relictual distributions as a result
FIGURE A1. Galaxias schomburgkii (Syntypes ZMB 6788) (Museum fiir Naturkunde, Berlin).
FIGURE A1. Galaxias schomburgkii (Syntypes ZMB 6788) (Museum fiir Naturkunde, Berlin).
FIGURE A3. Galaxias kayi syntype (AMS.I.7) (Australian Museum, Sydney). Note encysted metacercariae on pectoral and caudal fins. Da a td Type specimens: Australian Museum, Sydney. Syntypes: AMS I.5 to 7 (6) (Fig. A3); BMNH 1905.7.29.31 (2) ex AMS [originally as AMS 1.3] (Fig. A4); MCZ 27560 (2 [1 missing]), ex AMS [originally as AMS I.4] (Fig. A5). Whilst not stated, the original type series at the AMS consisted of 10 individuals respectively registered as AMS 1.3 to 7. Whitley (1957d) referred (in error) to a cotype AMS 1.8 and omitted AMS I.4 from Fifth Creek. Examination of the relevant specimen register indicated that AMS I.8 is from Mount Compass (2 individuals) and came on exchange from SAMA at the same time as AMS 1.3 to 7, and did not form part of the type series as all type material for G kayi is from Fifth Creek, SA (see above); Whitley’s inclusion of AMS I.8 for the type series is in error, as is, therefore, his omission of AMS 1.4.
FIGURE A3. Galaxias kayi syntype (AMS.I.7) (Australian Museum, Sydney). Note encysted metacercariae on pectoral and caudal fins. Da a td Type specimens: Australian Museum, Sydney. Syntypes: AMS I.5 to 7 (6) (Fig. A3); BMNH 1905.7.29.31 (2) ex AMS [originally as AMS 1.3] (Fig. A4); MCZ 27560 (2 [1 missing]), ex AMS [originally as AMS I.4] (Fig. A5). Whilst not stated, the original type series at the AMS consisted of 10 individuals respectively registered as AMS 1.3 to 7. Whitley (1957d) referred (in error) to a cotype AMS 1.8 and omitted AMS I.4 from Fifth Creek. Examination of the relevant specimen register indicated that AMS I.8 is from Mount Compass (2 individuals) and came on exchange from SAMA at the same time as AMS 1.3 to 7, and did not form part of the type series as all type material for G kayi is from Fifth Creek, SA (see above); Whitley’s inclusion of AMS I.8 for the type series is in error, as is, therefore, his omission of AMS 1.4.
FIGURE A4. Galaxias kayi syntype (BMNH 1905.7.29.31) (British Museum of Natural History, London).
FIGURE A4. Galaxias kayi syntype (BMNH 1905.7.29.31) (British Museum of Natural History, London).
FIGURE A5. Galaxias kayi syntype (MCZ.27560) (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Massachusetts). Note encysted metacercariae on anal and caudal fins. Ogilby, J.D. (1912) On some Queensland fishes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 1, 26-65.
FIGURE A5. Galaxias kayi syntype (MCZ.27560) (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Massachusetts). Note encysted metacercariae on anal and caudal fins. Ogilby, J.D. (1912) On some Queensland fishes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 1, 26-65.
FIGURE A6. Detailed view of remains of Galaxias oconnori holotype (QM 1.421) in January 2003 (T.A. Raadik).
FIGURE A6. Detailed view of remains of Galaxias oconnori holotype (QM 1.421) in January 2003 (T.A. Raadik).
Related topics:
Systematics (Taxonomy)ConservationPredator-Prey InteractionsThreatened species and ecosystemsSympatric SpeciationFreshwater fish taxonomyCryptic Species DiversityCryptic Species Complex
580 California St., Suite 400
San Francisco, CA, 94104
© 2025 Academia. All rights reserved