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=significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981). Data obtained from Stravisi (1992) TABLE 12 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Gulf of Trieste.

Table 12 =significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981). Data obtained from Stravisi (1992) TABLE 12 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Gulf of Trieste.

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Atlas of Italian Beaches (Atlante delle Spiagge Italiane; AaWVv., 1997) and on the edited guide to geomorphological mapping of Italy at the scale 1:50,000 (Gruppo di Lavoro per la Cartografia Geomorfologica, 1994). The legend here proposed collects recent research advancements carried out by the community of Italian coastal geomorphologists as well as the results of an articulated scientific discussion developed by the Coastal Morphodynamics Workgroup es- tablished by AIGeo in 2013. stress that modern coastal zone mappings should focus on both the morphological and morphometric features of present landforms together with their dynamics as a function of active (waves, currents, tides) and passive (li- thology, structure, relict landforms) factors, as well as on mass budget and biological change. In this paper, the pro- posed legend for a new morphodynamic map of the coasts of Italy is illustrated by means of 12 case studies (fig. 1) in which a correlation between shapes, waveclimate data, and dynamics is presented. The aim is to summarise the most recent results in mapping the coastland morphology within the context of a long cultural process, involving the Italian scientific community’s recent perspectives for studying coastal geomorphology.
Atlas of Italian Beaches (Atlante delle Spiagge Italiane; AaWVv., 1997) and on the edited guide to geomorphological mapping of Italy at the scale 1:50,000 (Gruppo di Lavoro per la Cartografia Geomorfologica, 1994). The legend here proposed collects recent research advancements carried out by the community of Italian coastal geomorphologists as well as the results of an articulated scientific discussion developed by the Coastal Morphodynamics Workgroup es- tablished by AIGeo in 2013. stress that modern coastal zone mappings should focus on both the morphological and morphometric features of present landforms together with their dynamics as a function of active (waves, currents, tides) and passive (li- thology, structure, relict landforms) factors, as well as on mass budget and biological change. In this paper, the pro- posed legend for a new morphodynamic map of the coasts of Italy is illustrated by means of 12 case studies (fig. 1) in which a correlation between shapes, waveclimate data, and dynamics is presented. The aim is to summarise the most recent results in mapping the coastland morphology within the context of a long cultural process, involving the Italian scientific community’s recent perspectives for studying coastal geomorphology.
Fic. 2 - Theoretical flow-chart explaining the construction of the proposed legend; it has been obtained starting from a coastal landscape analysis, recognizing the landform genesis at a regional scale, while considering their evolution and present dynamics (SHEPARD, 1973) in relation to the sea-level history and evolutive trends of shore/coastline (VALENTIN, 1952).
Fic. 2 - Theoretical flow-chart explaining the construction of the proposed legend; it has been obtained starting from a coastal landscape analysis, recognizing the landform genesis at a regional scale, while considering their evolution and present dynamics (SHEPARD, 1973) in relation to the sea-level history and evolutive trends of shore/coastline (VALENTIN, 1952).
Fic. 3 - The legend.
Fic. 3 - The legend.
Fic. 4 - Geomorphologic maps of the Bonassola-Levanto rocky coast and embayed beaches in A: (1a) Bonassola beach evolution between 1960 and (1b) 2015; (2) rocky coast and marine terrace in correspondence of Punta della Madonnina. Box indicates the ubication of the area represented in B. See fig. 3 for legend. The stretch of coastline discussed here is oriented NW-SSE, and extends for about 7.5 km along eastern Liguria (NW Italy) (fig. 4). This coast is characterised by very steep coastal slopes and a continuous seacliff inter- rupted only by two embayments corresponding to small fluvial-coastal beaches where the villages of Bonassola and Levanto are located (Terranova, 1987). From W to E, the geology of the coastal zone is characterised by outcrops of several ophiolitic and sedimentary lithotypes belonging to nternal Ligurid Units (Giammarino & alii, 2002): gabbros (Upper Jurassic) all around the Bonassola bay between Punta della Madonnina and Punta Levanto; serpentinites (Middle-Upper Jurassic), along the western sector of the Levanto bay; a small outcrop of basalts and breccias (Up- per Jurassic) and shales with siliceous micritic limestone The rocky coast is mainly characterised by active sea- cliffs subject to rockfall and slide phenomena (Brando- lini & aliz, 2009). On average, the seacliffs range between 10-20 m in height, in some cases up to 50-60 m (Bonassola
Fic. 4 - Geomorphologic maps of the Bonassola-Levanto rocky coast and embayed beaches in A: (1a) Bonassola beach evolution between 1960 and (1b) 2015; (2) rocky coast and marine terrace in correspondence of Punta della Madonnina. Box indicates the ubication of the area represented in B. See fig. 3 for legend. The stretch of coastline discussed here is oriented NW-SSE, and extends for about 7.5 km along eastern Liguria (NW Italy) (fig. 4). This coast is characterised by very steep coastal slopes and a continuous seacliff inter- rupted only by two embayments corresponding to small fluvial-coastal beaches where the villages of Bonassola and Levanto are located (Terranova, 1987). From W to E, the geology of the coastal zone is characterised by outcrops of several ophiolitic and sedimentary lithotypes belonging to nternal Ligurid Units (Giammarino & alii, 2002): gabbros (Upper Jurassic) all around the Bonassola bay between Punta della Madonnina and Punta Levanto; serpentinites (Middle-Upper Jurassic), along the western sector of the Levanto bay; a small outcrop of basalts and breccias (Up- per Jurassic) and shales with siliceous micritic limestone The rocky coast is mainly characterised by active sea- cliffs subject to rockfall and slide phenomena (Brando- lini & aliz, 2009). On average, the seacliffs range between 10-20 m in height, in some cases up to 50-60 m (Bonassola
TABLE 1 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Bonassola-Levanto area. significant wave height, according to Hallermeier, 1981)
TABLE 1 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Bonassola-Levanto area. significant wave height, according to Hallermeier, 1981)
Fic. 5 - Geomorphologic maps of the Tellaro Rocky coast (A, B): (1) the Gulf of La Spezia; (2) marine erosional scarps at Punta di Mezzana; (3) Punta delle Stelle weathering platfoms and stacks. Ellipse in A indicates the ubication of the area enlarged in B. See fig. 3 for legend.
Fic. 5 - Geomorphologic maps of the Tellaro Rocky coast (A, B): (1) the Gulf of La Spezia; (2) marine erosional scarps at Punta di Mezzana; (3) Punta delle Stelle weathering platfoms and stacks. Ellipse in A indicates the ubication of the area enlarged in B. See fig. 3 for legend.
=significant wave height, ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 2 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Tellaro coasts.
=significant wave height, ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 2 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Tellaro coasts.
TABLE 3 - Main wind and wave climate features of western Giglio Island. =significant wave height, ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981)
TABLE 3 - Main wind and wave climate features of western Giglio Island. =significant wave height, ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981)
=significant wave height, ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981 TABLE 4 - Main wind and wave climate features of Isola dei Gabbiani Tombolo.
=significant wave height, ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981 TABLE 4 - Main wind and wave climate features of Isola dei Gabbiani Tombolo.
Fic. 7 - Geomorphologic maps of the Tombolo of the Isola dei Gabbiani (A, B): (1) beach view from the north-east between the Liscia River mouth and the Culuccia Peninsula; (2) South-western view showing the Liscia River mouth and the Isola dei Gabbiani Tombolo; (3) Eastern view of the Isola dei Gabbiani Tombolo showing the dune zone. See fig. 3 for legend.
Fic. 7 - Geomorphologic maps of the Tombolo of the Isola dei Gabbiani (A, B): (1) beach view from the north-east between the Liscia River mouth and the Culuccia Peninsula; (2) South-western view showing the Liscia River mouth and the Isola dei Gabbiani Tombolo; (3) Eastern view of the Isola dei Gabbiani Tombolo showing the dune zone. See fig. 3 for legend.
=significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 5 - Main wind and wave climate features of Torre San Giovanni - Capo San Marco locality.
=significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 5 - Main wind and wave climate features of Torre San Giovanni - Capo San Marco locality.
* = significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier,1981) TABLE 6 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Latium coasts.
* = significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier,1981) TABLE 6 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Latium coasts.
Fic. 9 - Geomorphologic maps of the Tiber River Delta (A, B): (1) the main Tiber River mouth and the Fiumicino lighthouse, presently inactive; (2) artificially nourished beach in Lido di Ostia; artificial barrier emerges at low tide; (3) the Fiumicino beach: series of breakwaters between the two mouths of the Tiber River. Circle in A represents the ubication of the area enlarged in B.
Fic. 9 - Geomorphologic maps of the Tiber River Delta (A, B): (1) the main Tiber River mouth and the Fiumicino lighthouse, presently inactive; (2) artificially nourished beach in Lido di Ostia; artificial barrier emerges at low tide; (3) the Fiumicino beach: series of breakwaters between the two mouths of the Tiber River. Circle in A represents the ubication of the area enlarged in B.
FIG. 10 - Geomorphologic maps of the SE of the Garigliano River Mouth (A, B): (1) anthropogenic remodeling of the beach due to cleaning and wid- ening by mechanical vehicles; (2) blowout in the coastal dune modeled by wave erosion and airflow over the crest; (3) erosion scarp due to coastline retreat and consequent inland migration of beach-dune system; (4) coastal physiography of the Gulf of Gaeta. Circle in A indicates the location of the study area (B). See fig. 3 for legend.
FIG. 10 - Geomorphologic maps of the SE of the Garigliano River Mouth (A, B): (1) anthropogenic remodeling of the beach due to cleaning and wid- ening by mechanical vehicles; (2) blowout in the coastal dune modeled by wave erosion and airflow over the crest; (3) erosion scarp due to coastline retreat and consequent inland migration of beach-dune system; (4) coastal physiography of the Gulf of Gaeta. Circle in A indicates the location of the study area (B). See fig. 3 for legend.
(“significant wave height; **according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 7 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Campania coasts.
(“significant wave height; **according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 7 - Main wind and wave climate features of the Campania coasts.
* = significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981 maximum wave height) TABLE 9 - Main wind and wave climate features estimated for the Roca - S. Andrea localities.
* = significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981 maximum wave height) TABLE 9 - Main wind and wave climate features estimated for the Roca - S. Andrea localities.
= significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 8 - Main wind and wave climate features estimated for the La Vota paralic system.
= significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 8 - Main wind and wave climate features estimated for the La Vota paralic system.
Fic. 12 - Geomorphologic maps of the Sant’Andrea rocky coast (A, B): (1) a sea-arch makes the coastal landscape, along a tract constituted by fa retreating cliffs, particularly impressive; (2) cliff retreat is due to rockfalls induced by the rapid development of notches near Torre S. Andrea; (3) general view of the pocket beach at Torre dell’Orso; (4) an approximately 40 m wide platform,elevated up to 3 m, and stretched at the foot of a hig cliff near Torre dell’Orso. Circle in A represents the area enlarged in B. See fig. 3 for legend.
Fic. 12 - Geomorphologic maps of the Sant’Andrea rocky coast (A, B): (1) a sea-arch makes the coastal landscape, along a tract constituted by fa retreating cliffs, particularly impressive; (2) cliff retreat is due to rockfalls induced by the rapid development of notches near Torre S. Andrea; (3) general view of the pocket beach at Torre dell’Orso; (4) an approximately 40 m wide platform,elevated up to 3 m, and stretched at the foot of a hig cliff near Torre dell’Orso. Circle in A represents the area enlarged in B. See fig. 3 for legend.
=significant wave height: ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 10 - Main wind and wave climate features estimated for the Molise coast.
=significant wave height: ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981) TABLE 10 - Main wind and wave climate features estimated for the Molise coast.
Fic. 14 - Geomorphologic maps of the northern sector of the Mt. Conero Promontory (A, B): (1) overview from the North of the study area; (2) Porton- ovo and Mezzavalle viewed from the landslide crown; (3) marine gravels and coarse slope deposits southward of Portonovo; (4) “La Vela” seastack in the southern portion of the study area. Ellipse in A represents the area enlarged in B. See fig. 3 for legend.
Fic. 14 - Geomorphologic maps of the northern sector of the Mt. Conero Promontory (A, B): (1) overview from the North of the study area; (2) Porton- ovo and Mezzavalle viewed from the landslide crown; (3) marine gravels and coarse slope deposits southward of Portonovo; (4) “La Vela” seastack in the southern portion of the study area. Ellipse in A represents the area enlarged in B. See fig. 3 for legend.
(RMN = Rete Mareografica Nazionale; RON = Rete Ondametrica Nazionale; * =significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981 TABLE 11 - Main wind and wave climate feature sof the Mt Conero promontory.
(RMN = Rete Mareografica Nazionale; RON = Rete Ondametrica Nazionale; * =significant wave height; ** = according to Hallermeier, 1981 TABLE 11 - Main wind and wave climate feature sof the Mt Conero promontory.
Fic. 15 - Geomorphological maps of the rocky coast of the Gulf of Trieste (A, B): (1) submerged beachrock (Costa dei Barbari) (2) submerged tidal notch at Marina Aurisina; (3) the pebble beach of Marina Aurisina; (4) a sea cave near Duino; (5) the plunging cliff of Duino. Ellipse in A represents the area enlarged in B. See Fig. 3 for legend.
Fic. 15 - Geomorphological maps of the rocky coast of the Gulf of Trieste (A, B): (1) submerged beachrock (Costa dei Barbari) (2) submerged tidal notch at Marina Aurisina; (3) the pebble beach of Marina Aurisina; (4) a sea cave near Duino; (5) the plunging cliff of Duino. Ellipse in A represents the area enlarged in B. See Fig. 3 for legend.
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GeographyCartographyGeologyCoastal Morphology
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