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Table 5. Results of the quick assessment averaged grouping roof attached and roof integrated solar solutions (Note: in brackets is the number of solutions averaged over). Results and Summary of the Section

Table 5 Results of the quick assessment averaged grouping roof attached and roof integrated solar solutions (Note: in brackets is the number of solutions averaged over). Results and Summary of the Section

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Table 1. Risk—benefit assessment scheme for solar solution in historic building: assessment categories and criteria proposed by the standard EN-16883:2017 [16] and its adaptation for solar energy solutions, work done within IEA-SHC Task59 [17].
Table 1. Risk—benefit assessment scheme for solar solution in historic building: assessment categories and criteria proposed by the standard EN-16883:2017 [16] and its adaptation for solar energy solutions, work done within IEA-SHC Task59 [17].
Table 2. Assessment scale: definitions for each step of the scale and examples for some meaningful assessment categories and criteria !. Source: elaboration of the authors of the authors.
Table 2. Assessment scale: definitions for each step of the scale and examples for some meaningful assessment categories and criteria !. Source: elaboration of the authors of the authors.
1 Only an example related to a category and an evaluation criterion of those previously indicated in Table 1 is presented here. Examples are not supposed to be conclusive; a similar approach is intended to be applied to the remaining criteria listed above.
1 Only an example related to a category and an evaluation criterion of those previously indicated in Table 1 is presented here. Examples are not supposed to be conclusive; a similar approach is intended to be applied to the remaining criteria listed above.
Table 3. Solar solutions analysed in the quick assessment.
Table 3. Solar solutions analysed in the quick assessment.
Note: BIPV (Building-integrated photovoltaic); BAPV (Building applied photovoltaic); BIST (Building-integrated solar thermal).
Note: BIPV (Building-integrated photovoltaic); BAPV (Building applied photovoltaic); BIST (Building-integrated solar thermal).
Table 4. Results of the quick assessment averaged grouping solutions on listed and not listed buildings (Note: in brackets is the number of solutions averaged over).
Table 4. Results of the quick assessment averaged grouping solutions on listed and not listed buildings (Note: in brackets is the number of solutions averaged over).
Figure 2. Crichton Castle and surrounding landscape (a) and the view of the solar panels on one of the towers (b). Sources: © Historic Environment Scotland. More information available online: https: / /blog.historicenvironment.scot/2019/04/here-comes-the-sun/ (assessed on 18 February 2021). on one of the castle towers. Due to the nature of the site, the panels were located in such a way, that they are not visible from the ground. This was important since the ruin is a prominent feature in the wider landscape. Cables were run within the walls where possible, or otherwise fixed into the mortar joints. The solar panels installed had a maximum output of 1.0 kWp, enough power for most needs but not enough to run the space heater. The generator was still required during the early spring and late autumn when more heating was required. In 2019, it was decided to upgrade the panels to newer models with an output of 1.8 kWp but retaining the existing fixings and cable routings. New batteries also enabled the storage of the energy as needed. With these improvements, 100% of the energy requirements can now be met with renewable energy (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Crichton Castle and surrounding landscape (a) and the view of the solar panels on one of the towers (b). Sources: © Historic Environment Scotland. More information available online: https: / /blog.historicenvironment.scot/2019/04/here-comes-the-sun/ (assessed on 18 February 2021). on one of the castle towers. Due to the nature of the site, the panels were located in such a way, that they are not visible from the ground. This was important since the ruin is a prominent feature in the wider landscape. Cables were run within the walls where possible, or otherwise fixed into the mortar joints. The solar panels installed had a maximum output of 1.0 kWp, enough power for most needs but not enough to run the space heater. The generator was still required during the early spring and late autumn when more heating was required. In 2019, it was decided to upgrade the panels to newer models with an output of 1.8 kWp but retaining the existing fixings and cable routings. New batteries also enabled the storage of the energy as needed. With these improvements, 100% of the energy requirements can now be met with renewable energy (Figure 2).
Figure 3. Solar Silo: roof-integrated and fagade-integrated BIPV (a) and facade BIPV system detail (b). Source: la. BFE—SUPSI Photo: ©C. Martig; 1b. SUPSI©P. Bonomo. Detailed information available online: https: //www.hiberatlas.com/en/solar-silo-in-gundeldinger-feld-basel--2-51.html (assessed on 18 February 2021). several expansions and renovations until 1925 when it acquired its current shape. Depend- ing on the construction period, the building was built with different construction methods and materials. The oldest load-bearing walls of the building are made of local natural stone thickness 42 cm and 62 cm); the first extension was built in solid brick walls, the following extension in perforated bricks and concrete. Over the course of the renovation, the origi- nally “monk and nun” roof tiles were also replaced with an aluminium roof. The structure has valuable architectural elements: coloured frames, columned balustrades and facade decorations made using the graffiti plaster technique. In 2014, some important energy effi- ciency and conservative renovation interventions were put in place by a multidisciplinary team of experts composed of designers, researchers, and contractors. The interventions solved structural problems, limited the decay process and insulated foundations, walls, and roof. New heating and ventilation systems were installed as well as a BIPV roof. This PV system used custom-made flexible and ultra-thin panels that blend in with the roof pitches. This technology is based on an innovative monocrystalline cells lamination process, which uses special and selected techno-polymers as encapsulants. The BIPV system installed has a nominal power of 10 kWp and the total area of the panes is about 90 m*. The panels are tilted by 27.5° and varied in orientation and dimensions. The system provides part of the energy necessary to fulfil the users’ needs. Thanks to the interventions made, there is an 88% reduction in consumption. Additionally, the environmental impact is reduced considerably. Finally, the villa was a pilot building for the validation of the calculations and certification procedures with the CasaclimaR© protocol. The project also won the “CasaClima Award 2016” (Figure 4).
Figure 3. Solar Silo: roof-integrated and fagade-integrated BIPV (a) and facade BIPV system detail (b). Source: la. BFE—SUPSI Photo: ©C. Martig; 1b. SUPSI©P. Bonomo. Detailed information available online: https: //www.hiberatlas.com/en/solar-silo-in-gundeldinger-feld-basel--2-51.html (assessed on 18 February 2021). several expansions and renovations until 1925 when it acquired its current shape. Depend- ing on the construction period, the building was built with different construction methods and materials. The oldest load-bearing walls of the building are made of local natural stone thickness 42 cm and 62 cm); the first extension was built in solid brick walls, the following extension in perforated bricks and concrete. Over the course of the renovation, the origi- nally “monk and nun” roof tiles were also replaced with an aluminium roof. The structure has valuable architectural elements: coloured frames, columned balustrades and facade decorations made using the graffiti plaster technique. In 2014, some important energy effi- ciency and conservative renovation interventions were put in place by a multidisciplinary team of experts composed of designers, researchers, and contractors. The interventions solved structural problems, limited the decay process and insulated foundations, walls, and roof. New heating and ventilation systems were installed as well as a BIPV roof. This PV system used custom-made flexible and ultra-thin panels that blend in with the roof pitches. This technology is based on an innovative monocrystalline cells lamination process, which uses special and selected techno-polymers as encapsulants. The BIPV system installed has a nominal power of 10 kWp and the total area of the panes is about 90 m*. The panels are tilted by 27.5° and varied in orientation and dimensions. The system provides part of the energy necessary to fulfil the users’ needs. Thanks to the interventions made, there is an 88% reduction in consumption. Additionally, the environmental impact is reduced considerably. Finally, the villa was a pilot building for the validation of the calculations and certification procedures with the CasaclimaR© protocol. The project also won the “CasaClima Award 2016” (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Villa Castelli: roof-mounted BIPV (a) and system detail (b). Sources: ©Valentina Cari, Progetto Serr@. Detailed information available online: https: //www.hiberatlas.com/it/villa-castelli --2-23.html (assessed on 18 February 2021). online: https://www.hiberatlas.com/en/solar-silo-in-gundeldinger-feld-basel--2-51.html (assessed
Figure 4. Villa Castelli: roof-mounted BIPV (a) and system detail (b). Sources: ©Valentina Cari, Progetto Serr@. Detailed information available online: https: //www.hiberatlas.com/it/villa-castelli --2-23.html (assessed on 18 February 2021). online: https://www.hiberatlas.com/en/solar-silo-in-gundeldinger-feld-basel--2-51.html (assessed
Table 6. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the technical compatibility of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings. On the contrary, Solar Silo is not a listed building and a visual change in the exterior finish has occurred with respect to the original status. However, as “Gundeldinger Feld” ex- industrial ensemble is under heritage protection, the remodelled building was required to match the style and colour scheme of the site and all the old industrial area, which has been converted into a new model energy district. The original structure of the building is still legible after the intervention, as the shape and architectural design have been maintained and the solar system matched and adapted the vertical uprights of the facade completely in line with the other construction elements. The customized PV modules are used to create a
Table 6. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the technical compatibility of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings. On the contrary, Solar Silo is not a listed building and a visual change in the exterior finish has occurred with respect to the original status. However, as “Gundeldinger Feld” ex- industrial ensemble is under heritage protection, the remodelled building was required to match the style and colour scheme of the site and all the old industrial area, which has been converted into a new model energy district. The original structure of the building is still legible after the intervention, as the shape and architectural design have been maintained and the solar system matched and adapted the vertical uprights of the facade completely in line with the other construction elements. The customized PV modules are used to create a
Source: Elaboration of the authors. Table 7. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the heritage significance of solar solution in in historic buildings and sites detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Source: Elaboration of the authors. Table 7. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the heritage significance of solar solution in in historic buildings and sites detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Source: Elaboration of the authors. Table 8. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the economic viability of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Source: Elaboration of the authors. Table 8. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the economic viability of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Table 9. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the energy performances of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Table 9. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the energy performances of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Source: Elaboration of the authors. Table 10. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the indoor and the outdoor environmental quality of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Source: Elaboration of the authors. Table 10. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the indoor and the outdoor environmental quality of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Source: Elaboration of the authors. Table 11. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the aspects of use of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Source: Elaboration of the authors. Table 11. Risk—benefit scheme for assessing the aspects of use of solar solution in historic buildings and sites: detailed evaluation of the selected buildings.
Related topics:
Renewable EnergyEnergy Efficiency in BuildingsHeritage Building RehabilitationBuilding integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)Architectural Heritage Conservation
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