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Fig. 4. The graphic presents possible ways of designing housing environments under and on water: I — habitat under water with the ability to float to the surface on sunny days, II — habitat floating on the water surface (graphics by the author) Designed to provide shelter for future refugees due to global warming. According to scientists, the level of the ocean is gradually increasing, absorbing large areas of land. The Maldives, where by 2070 seventy percent of the country’s area will be under water, can serve as an example [13, p. 239]. The project operates as an amphibious half-aquatic and half terrestrial city, and is anticipated to being able to accommodate 50 000 inhabitants. The floating Ecopolis will also be in a positive energy balance with zero carbon emission through the integration of all renewable energies (solar, thermal and photovoltaic energies, wind energy, hydraulic, tidal power station, osmotic energies, phyto-purification, biomass) allowing the production of more energy than it consumes [6, p. 304-305].

Figure 4 The graphic presents possible ways of designing housing environments under and on water: I — habitat under water with the ability to float to the surface on sunny days, II — habitat floating on the water surface (graphics by the author) Designed to provide shelter for future refugees due to global warming. According to scientists, the level of the ocean is gradually increasing, absorbing large areas of land. The Maldives, where by 2070 seventy percent of the country’s area will be under water, can serve as an example [13, p. 239]. The project operates as an amphibious half-aquatic and half terrestrial city, and is anticipated to being able to accommodate 50 000 inhabitants. The floating Ecopolis will also be in a positive energy balance with zero carbon emission through the integration of all renewable energies (solar, thermal and photovoltaic energies, wind energy, hydraulic, tidal power station, osmotic energies, phyto-purification, biomass) allowing the production of more energy than it consumes [6, p. 304-305].

Related Figures (3)

Fig 1. Graphics depicting futuristic concepts of housing environments depending on location: I - habitat on land, II — underground habitat, III — airborne habitat, IV — habitat under or on water (graphics by the author) ‘The twenty-first century began with a series of groundbreaking and innovative scientific achievements, motivated by faith in human possibilities. On the list of accomplishments that will surely revolutionize human civilization, there is, for instance, the construction o a space station, the discovery of a particle accelerator or the teleportation of proton particles. However, the heyday of humanity’s possibilities is not devoid of threats — worsened by social, economic and cultural difficulties. Wars, forced migrations, poverty, degradation of the natura environment and overcrowded cities are just examples of problems that modern civilization is struggling with. In the article, the author will focus on the situation of overcrowding and will present the characteristics of a vision of future housing environments.
Fig 1. Graphics depicting futuristic concepts of housing environments depending on location: I - habitat on land, II — underground habitat, III — airborne habitat, IV — habitat under or on water (graphics by the author) ‘The twenty-first century began with a series of groundbreaking and innovative scientific achievements, motivated by faith in human possibilities. On the list of accomplishments that will surely revolutionize human civilization, there is, for instance, the construction o a space station, the discovery of a particle accelerator or the teleportation of proton particles. However, the heyday of humanity’s possibilities is not devoid of threats — worsened by social, economic and cultural difficulties. Wars, forced migrations, poverty, degradation of the natura environment and overcrowded cities are just examples of problems that modern civilization is struggling with. In the article, the author will focus on the situation of overcrowding and will present the characteristics of a vision of future housing environments.
Fig 2. Graphics showing the Future of housing environments designed on the ground: I - sustainable settlements, II — Sustainable urban housing, III — Residential towers (graphics by the author) The concept of residential towers is promoted by the works of the eVolo architectural competition, organized by the magazine under the same name. The competition has been organized since 2006 — its addressees are architects, students, engineers and artists from around the world. One of the examples is the “Adaptive Capacity: A socio-ecological Vertical Community in Tanzania” residential tower, designed by Adrianne Jeevananthan. The conceptual proposal presents an alternative solution for slum dwellers in Tanzania. The author intends to solve the problems of the local population by designing a “vertical village’, to provide residents with a higher quality of life. The building will fulfill all the functions necessary for residents, such as places for living, working, recreation and childcare, as well as a healthcare and educational facilties[ 8].
Fig 2. Graphics showing the Future of housing environments designed on the ground: I - sustainable settlements, II — Sustainable urban housing, III — Residential towers (graphics by the author) The concept of residential towers is promoted by the works of the eVolo architectural competition, organized by the magazine under the same name. The competition has been organized since 2006 — its addressees are architects, students, engineers and artists from around the world. One of the examples is the “Adaptive Capacity: A socio-ecological Vertical Community in Tanzania” residential tower, designed by Adrianne Jeevananthan. The conceptual proposal presents an alternative solution for slum dwellers in Tanzania. The author intends to solve the problems of the local population by designing a “vertical village’, to provide residents with a higher quality of life. The building will fulfill all the functions necessary for residents, such as places for living, working, recreation and childcare, as well as a healthcare and educational facilties[ 8].
Fig 3. The graphic presents possible ways of designing housing environments below ground level: IA inverted pyramid, IB — Cylindrical structure, IIA — Transferring certain urban functions underground (graphics by the author) I I a eR Another example of a historical vision of life underground is the ,depthscarper” projec (Fig. 3 - IB), which was designed by Japanese engineers as a possible solution to the problem of earthquakes. The project was inspired by the 1923 Tokyo disaster — an earthquake tha ruined the entire city in 10 minutes and caused 142 000 deaths. Japanese scientists, in orde: to counteract such cataclysms in the future, began research on a structure which can resis the negative effects of earthquakes. The researchers noticed a very interesting phenomenon - underground tunnels and structures suffer a little damage during seismic shocks compared t« those on the earth’s surface. The designers proposed a cylindrical structure of the buildin; with massive concrete walls that will vibrate together as one element during an earthquake Residents will have access to fresh air and daylight through an opening in the structure Additionally, to increase the amount of incoming light, a large mirror will be installed on th: surface of the earth andilluminate the lowest parts of the structure [15].
Fig 3. The graphic presents possible ways of designing housing environments below ground level: IA inverted pyramid, IB — Cylindrical structure, IIA — Transferring certain urban functions underground (graphics by the author) I I a eR Another example of a historical vision of life underground is the ,depthscarper” projec (Fig. 3 - IB), which was designed by Japanese engineers as a possible solution to the problem of earthquakes. The project was inspired by the 1923 Tokyo disaster — an earthquake tha ruined the entire city in 10 minutes and caused 142 000 deaths. Japanese scientists, in orde: to counteract such cataclysms in the future, began research on a structure which can resis the negative effects of earthquakes. The researchers noticed a very interesting phenomenon - underground tunnels and structures suffer a little damage during seismic shocks compared t« those on the earth’s surface. The designers proposed a cylindrical structure of the buildin; with massive concrete walls that will vibrate together as one element during an earthquake Residents will have access to fresh air and daylight through an opening in the structure Additionally, to increase the amount of incoming light, a large mirror will be installed on th: surface of the earth andilluminate the lowest parts of the structure [15].
Related topics:
ArchitectureHousing in Developing AreasHousing and the EnvironmentResidential ComplexesCity of the Future
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