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Fig. 3. Hypothesized cascade effect of regional-scale environmental shifts in the Atacama Desert. (A) Fictional period of increased marine and terrestrial productivity brought about by augmented upwelling over the littoral Atacama Desert and positive hydroclimate anomalies in the highlands. (B) Fictional opposite period of decreased marine and inland productivity. CM. Santoro et al./Journal of Anthropological Archaeology xxx (2016) xxx-xxx — Figure 3 Hypothesized cascade effect of regional-scale environmental shifts in the Atacama Desert. (A) Fictional period of increased marine and terrestrial productivity brought about by augmented upwelling over the littoral Atacama Desert and positive hydroclimate anomalies in the highlands. (B) Fictional opposite period of decreased marine and inland productivity. CM. Santoro et al./Journal of Anthropological Archaeology xxx (2016) xxx-xxx

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Fig. 1. Study area showing (A) the extent of the Pampa del Tamarugal (PDT) within the Atacama Desert. The dashed line (X-X’) describes the topographic profile with major topographic and vegetation units (shown in B).

Fig. 2. Graphical depiction of our theoretical framework to understand the emergence of adaptive strategies. First, adaptive strategies emerge in the space of ecosystem services, and capitalize on particular resources provided by the ecosystem. These strategies involve the interaction between demographic, techno- logical and ideological factors that jointly modulate the demand and use of the services provided by ecosystems. In a given ecosystem, different strategies are likely but only one become dominant, at least in a given time frame.

CM. Santoro et al./Journal of Anthropological Archaeology xxx (2016) xxx-xxx Fig. 4. Synthesis of socio-environmental changes in the PDT over the last 13,000 years based on (A) summed probabilities of calibrated radiocarbon dates (modified from Gayo et al., 2015), and including geological epochs, archaeological periods, and socio-cultural milestones in the Atacama Desert. Details of paleoenvironmental variations during the oldest (B) and youngest portions (C) of the sequence are also provided. LIP: Late Intermediate Period. LP: Late Period. CAPE: Central Andean Pluvial Event. MCA: Medieval Climate Anomaly.

lease cite this article in press as: Santoro, C.M., et al. Continuities and discontinuities in the socio-environmental systems of the Atacama Desert du he last 13,000 years. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2016.08.006