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Fig. 10. The effect of sheet thickness change on maximum joint shearing force for DD14 material

Figure 10 The effect of sheet thickness change on maximum joint shearing force for DD14 material

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Fig. 1. The example of the clinching joint: a) the side part of hood, b) the inside of the car Although mechanical clinching has a low running cost, its joining range of e.g. aluminium alloy with high-strength steel is small because of the low ductility of high- strength steel. Specifically in the clinching process of high-strength steel, defects oc- cur in high-strength steel due to its low ductility [9-10]. There have been studies on various methods for heating up the magnesium components including heating up components in a furnace or with hot air and applying inductive techniques [11]. The use of clinching technology in the assembly process is justified by the capability of its adaptation that the tool access is guaranteed to achieve the tool adequate support ri- gidity and its retraction after the process. This technology must be used in the open design components. Another disadvantage of this technology is visible flash, which protrudes over the sheet surface. The clinch ininte (therein clinch ronind nrece ininte — RPT) are 9 ornin of ranidilyv
Fig. 1. The example of the clinching joint: a) the side part of hood, b) the inside of the car Although mechanical clinching has a low running cost, its joining range of e.g. aluminium alloy with high-strength steel is small because of the low ductility of high- strength steel. Specifically in the clinching process of high-strength steel, defects oc- cur in high-strength steel due to its low ductility [9-10]. There have been studies on various methods for heating up the magnesium components including heating up components in a furnace or with hot air and applying inductive techniques [11]. The use of clinching technology in the assembly process is justified by the capability of its adaptation that the tool access is guaranteed to achieve the tool adequate support ri- gidity and its retraction after the process. This technology must be used in the open design components. Another disadvantage of this technology is visible flash, which protrudes over the sheet surface. The clinch ininte (therein clinch ronind nrece ininte — RPT) are 9 ornin of ranidilyv
Table 2. Chemical composition of sheet
Table 2. Chemical composition of sheet
Table 1. Mechanical properties of sheet
Table 1. Mechanical properties of sheet
Five specimens of both spot weld and clinching joints have been prepared for each sheet thickness and material type. The sheet metal joining process has been conducted in the laboratory environment using own tools. The tools used in experimental analysis of pressed joints, 1.e. the punch and die with specified impression, were constant (Figure 2). The tool geometry enabled joining of sheet plates of various thickness arrangements with no fractures within joint area. Fig. 2. Clinching joint tools and their main dimensions: a) die, b) punch
Five specimens of both spot weld and clinching joints have been prepared for each sheet thickness and material type. The sheet metal joining process has been conducted in the laboratory environment using own tools. The tools used in experimental analysis of pressed joints, 1.e. the punch and die with specified impression, were constant (Figure 2). The tool geometry enabled joining of sheet plates of various thickness arrangements with no fractures within joint area. Fig. 2. Clinching joint tools and their main dimensions: a) die, b) punch
Fig. 5. The weld macrostructure in the point sheets joint (“1” — fusion point, “2” — heat effect zone, “3” — native material
Fig. 5. The weld macrostructure in the point sheets joint (“1” — fusion point, “2” — heat effect zone, “3” — native material
Joining the car-body sheets using clinching process with various thickness...
Joining the car-body sheets using clinching process with various thickness...
Joining the car-body sheets using clinching process with various thickness... )1'% tor DD 14 material and |25'% for DU15 material. In order to present effect of various materials (DD13 and DD14) more clearly, ngle joint results have been put together on a single chart (Figure 13). The increase f upper sheet hickness by 14.5% increases the maximum shearing force by 15% int made of steel sheets (material DD14) — Figure 13. This directly increases int strength. Similar situation occurs for DD13 material joint. The sheet joints made f DD 13 have featured higher average force results comparing to DD14, by 15% /t, = 0.7/0.8 and by 11% for ¢,/t, = 0.8/0.8. All diagrams present the average va ken from five tests. he of he for ue
Joining the car-body sheets using clinching process with various thickness... )1'% tor DD 14 material and |25'% for DU15 material. In order to present effect of various materials (DD13 and DD14) more clearly, ngle joint results have been put together on a single chart (Figure 13). The increase f upper sheet hickness by 14.5% increases the maximum shearing force by 15% int made of steel sheets (material DD14) — Figure 13. This directly increases int strength. Similar situation occurs for DD13 material joint. The sheet joints made f DD 13 have featured higher average force results comparing to DD14, by 15% /t, = 0.7/0.8 and by 11% for ¢,/t, = 0.8/0.8. All diagrams present the average va ken from five tests. he of he for ue
The total of sheets thickness, t; + ty [mm] The total of sheets thickness, t; + tp [mm] bina ions and all sheet material types, the achieved Fimax value was several times higher than for redrawing joints. For ¢,/t, = 0.8/0.8 arrangement and DD14 and DD13, Peape 114 x value was 3520 N and 3800 N. Whereas the achieved force was 1025.35 N and .15 N for redrawing joints, that is 30% and 29% of force value for spot welded joints, respectively. Decreasing of bottom sheet thickness from 0.8 mm to 0.62 mm (for ¢ , = 0.8 = constant, DD14 material) resulted in force decrease by 21% for spot welded joints (Figure 15). For redrawing joints, Fimax force decrease was 18.6% (Fig- ure and leve 0 and 13). For other thickness arrangements of DD14 material and spot welded redrawing joints, the differences occurred at similar maximum shearing force S. Fig. 14. The effect of sheet thickness arrangement and joint number on maximum joint shearing force for DX53D+Z material Fig. 13. The effect of upper sheet thickness on maximum joint shearing force — single joint
The total of sheets thickness, t; + ty [mm] The total of sheets thickness, t; + tp [mm] bina ions and all sheet material types, the achieved Fimax value was several times higher than for redrawing joints. For ¢,/t, = 0.8/0.8 arrangement and DD14 and DD13, Peape 114 x value was 3520 N and 3800 N. Whereas the achieved force was 1025.35 N and .15 N for redrawing joints, that is 30% and 29% of force value for spot welded joints, respectively. Decreasing of bottom sheet thickness from 0.8 mm to 0.62 mm (for ¢ , = 0.8 = constant, DD14 material) resulted in force decrease by 21% for spot welded joints (Figure 15). For redrawing joints, Fimax force decrease was 18.6% (Fig- ure and leve 0 and 13). For other thickness arrangements of DD14 material and spot welded redrawing joints, the differences occurred at similar maximum shearing force S. Fig. 14. The effect of sheet thickness arrangement and joint number on maximum joint shearing force for DX53D+Z material Fig. 13. The effect of upper sheet thickness on maximum joint shearing force — single joint
The spot weld elements have been separated during the strength test, but no mate- rial separation occurred in the spot weld area (Figure 16). This proves the spot weld elements have been properly joined. Note the separation method, as this causes high values of the maximum shearing force of joint. When loading the spot welded joints, the material separation beginning occurs on the melted material boundary, and then the separation line runs in parallel to the displacement, which forces the joint defor- mation (Figure 16a).
The spot weld elements have been separated during the strength test, but no mate- rial separation occurred in the spot weld area (Figure 16). This proves the spot weld elements have been properly joined. Note the separation method, as this causes high values of the maximum shearing force of joint. When loading the spot welded joints, the material separation beginning occurs on the melted material boundary, and then the separation line runs in parallel to the displacement, which forces the joint defor- mation (Figure 16a).
e cracks inside/around welding nugget. e small-diameter nugget.
e cracks inside/around welding nugget. e small-diameter nugget.
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